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    HS-I Chapter-4

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    Yonael Mezmure
    The document discusses the key components of hydroelectric power schemes including classification of plants, components like tunnels, canals, penstocks, forebays, surge tanks, power houses, and tailraces. It also covers water power potential calculation and the main types of hydraulic turbines like impulse turbines, reaction turbines including Francis and Kaplan turbines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    HS-I Chapter-4

    Uploaded by

    Yonael Mezmure
    11 views18 pages
    The document discusses the key components of hydroelectric power schemes including classification of plants, components like tunnels, canals, penstocks, forebays, surge tanks, power houses, and tailraces. It also covers water power potential calculation and the main types of hydraulic turbines like impulse turbines, reaction turbines including Francis and Kaplan turbines.

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    HS-I chapter-4

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    The document discusses the key components of hydroelectric power schemes including classification of plants, components like tunnels, canals, penstocks, forebays, surge tanks, power houses, and tailraces. It also covers water power potential calculation and the main types of hydraulic turbines like impulse turbines, reaction turbines including Francis and Kaplan turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views18 pages

    HS-I Chapter-4

    Uploaded by

    Yonael Mezmure
    The document discusses the key components of hydroelectric power schemes including classification of plants, components like tunnels, canals, penstocks, forebays, surge tanks, power houses, and tailraces. It also covers water power potential calculation and the main types of hydraulic turbines like impulse turbines, reaction turbines including Francis and Kaplan turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Wachemo University (WCU)

    Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering (HWRE)

    (For G_3 Civil Engineering)

    Hydraulics Structures – I

    Chapter Four: Hydraulic structures


    In Hydropower Stations

    HWRE Instr: Mr.Tagese K.


    Classification of Hydropower plants

    1) Run-off river plant


    2) Storage plant
    3) Pump storage plant
    4) Tidal plant

    Run-off river plant

    HWRE
    Diversion Plant

    HWRE
    Storage plant

    HWRE
    Pumped - Storage Plant

    HWRE
    Net head determination

    HWRE
    Principal components of a Hydro electric Scheme

    a. Tunnel layout

    HWRE
    b. Canal Layout

    HWRE
    Conveyance system

     isrequired to carry the water from the reservoir to the


    power house. It includes:
    Canals
    Tunnels
    Pipes (penstocks)

     Penstocks-are high pressure conduits which carry water


    from the forebay or surge tank to the turbine.

    HWRE
    Fore bay

     an enlarged body of water just upstream the penstocks.


    A fore bay is required only when the conveyance system
    has channel flow.

    Surge tank
    If the conveyance system is a tunnel under a very high
    pressure, surge tank is usually required at the upstream of
    the power house or at the beginning of the penstocks to
    reduce the water hammer effect.

    HWRE
    Power house

     isa building for housing the equipment required for


    generation of power , such as hydraulic turbines,
    generators, governors & transformers etc.

    Tail race
    is the channel in which the water after passing through the
    turbines is discharged in to the natural stream.

    HWRE
    Water power potential

    Water power potential is the amount of power generated


    when Q m3/sec of water is allowed to fall through a head
    difference H meter which is given by:

    P = η γw Q Hnet
    where η = efficiency of the plant

    HWRE
    Hydraulic Turbines

     Turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy


    into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy so
    developed by the turbine is then used to generate electric
    energy by direct coupling the shaft of the turbine with
    the generator.

    Hydraulic turbine may be divided into two classes:


     Impulse turbines or velocity turbines
     Reaction turbines or pressure turbines

    HWRE
    Impulse turbines or velocity turbines

     allthe available potential energy of water is converted


    into kinetic energy by passing the penstock water
    through a single nozzle. The water coming out of the
    nozzle in the form of free jet is made to strike on a series
    of buckets mounted on the periphery of a wheel.

    HWRE
    Example of Pelton turbine
    Reaction turbines or pressure turbines
     In this case, the water entering the turbine passes
    pressure as well as kinetic energy.

    Types of reaction Turbines


    Francis turbines
    Kaplan turbines

    HWRE
    Cont…

    .

    Francis turbine and turbine blade

    HWRE
    Cont…

    .

    HWRE
    Kaplan & Tubular turbine
    .
    END OF
    . CLASS

    THANK
    YOU!!

    O O O
    2H 2H 2H

    HWRE

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