ART INTEGRATED

PROJECT
PROJECT done by
Devadath Rajesh
XB
BPM model school
Teacher in charge
Seema tr
Subject : science

◦Topic :
Power source
Acknowledgement
I am really really grateful to my Science Teacher Seema TEACHER for advising me and
introducing the project to me in a easy to understand way which has helped me complete
my project easily and effectively on time.

I am dearly obliged to Seema tr for giving me an opportunity to work on this project which
has provided valuable information about Power source.

◦ Thank you.
Declaration
◦ I hereby declare that this project work entitlement “power source” has been prepared
by me during the year 2021– 22 under the guidance of Mrs Seema tr , Department of
Science, BPM model school varkala, also declare that this project is the outcome of my
own effort, that it has not been submitted to any other school for achievement.
Subject: Science
◦Topic : Power
Source
Content
◦ Introduction of Kerala:Power Source.
◦ Power Sector In Kerala.
◦ Energy Sources in Kerala.
◦ Picture of Kerala Power Source.
◦ Introduction of Himachal Pradesh Power Source.
◦ Functions.
◦ Graph of energy consumed in Himachal Pradesh.Power
◦ Bibliography.
 Introduction of Kerala Power Source .
Kerala’s Power Sector Projections

◦ In the past, the energy demand was presumed to be basis with load factor being used to convert the projected energy demand to
peak MW demand. The projected energy demand was worked out by a combination of end use and time series analysis. This was the
methodology used in the Electric Power Surveys (EPS) conducted by CEA in conjunction with the State Electricity Boards. One of the
problems with the above approach has been the consistent over projection of peak demand. The annual growth of peak power demand
has been assumed to be of the order of 7-8% and this has resulted in projections well beyond actual demands realised. Some of these
anomalies have been corrected in the current EPS conducted and the projections for Kerala as continued in the 17 th Draft EPS. The
figures for Kerala in terms of demand projection in the Draft 17 th EPs As can be seen from 17th EPS Draft Report, there are a number
of assumptions, which may result in the actual demand being more than what is being projected in the EPS or being less. KSEB’s own
projections taking into account a higher growth rate and a slightly lower load factor projects the following demands for the 11 th plan
period is given here The Peak load and Energy Requirement projected in the 18 th EPS and its variations with actual is given here.
From this, it can be seen that Maximum Demand and Energy Requirement of the State has not reached to the figures projected in the
18th EPS and there is considerable variations when compared to the realized actual figures As per the 19 th Electric Power Survey
conducted by Central Electrical Authority, the projected energy consumption for the next 10 years for Kerala is 25,480 mu (million
units, 1 unit=1 kwh) in 2017-18, 29,924 mu in 2020-21, 34,393 mu in 2023-24 and 38,756 mu in 2026-27. Over 10 years therefore
Kerala’s energy is estimated by this survey to increase by approximately 52 per cent above current consumption.
◦ Power Sector in Kerala.
◦ Power Sector in Kerala plays a vital role in all developmental activities in Kerala. Obviously power crisis
is the Prime Obstacle to start new initiatives in the industrial field. The need for power is increasing and
the production of power should also increase accordingly. Monsoon is essential to sustain the hydropower
base in the state and the shortage in rainfall usually creates power crisis. Kerala received abundant
monsoon during the current year and it increased the inflow in to KSEB reservoirs; the KSEB could
manage the power supply situation with higher quantum of cheaper hydel power. Kerala is one among the
very few states in the country where there was no load shedding and power cut during 2009-10. KSEB
has been responsible for the generation, transmission and supply of electricity in the Sate of Kerala, with
particular emphasis to provide electricity at affordable cost to the domestic as well as for agricultural
purposes. The Board has been passing through a transitional phase of reforms in the electricity sector. The
Electricity Act 2003 envisages separate organizations for Transmission and Distribution.
Energy Sources of Kerala
Power System in Kerala encompasses hydel, thermal and wind sources. Hydel energy is the most reliable
and dependable source in Kerala. Of the total installed capacity, 2746.19 MW, the lion’s share of 1933 MW of
installed capacity comes from 24 hydel stations; 783.11 MW is contributed by the thermal projects including NTPC
at Kayamkulam which is Kerala’s dedicated thermal station. Kanjikode wind farm, Palakkad has an installed
capacity of 2.03MW. Wind Energy from IPP is 28.05 MW. Capacity addition during 2009-10 was only 51.44 MW
(1.9 %) to 2746.19 MW as on 31-3-2010 from 2694.75 MW on 31-3-2009.
Monsoon is essential to sustain the hydropower base in the state and the shortage in rainfall usually creates
power crisis. Hydel energy is the most reliable and dependable source in Kerala. Of the total installed capacity of
2881 MW during 2012-13, hydel contributed the major share of 2053 MW (71%); while 793MW was contributed by
thermal projects including NTPC at Kayamkulam (Kerala’s dedicated thermal station) and Kanjikode wind farm,
Palakkad has contributed 2MW, Wind Energy from IPP is 33 MW. Energy sources in Kerala [table] & [total Installed
Capacity] from 2008-20According to the reports 2014, total installed capacity of power in the state as on March
2014 is 2892 MW. Of which, hydel contributed the major share of 2064 MW (71%); while 793MW was contributed
by thermal projects including NTPC at Kayamkulam (Kerala’s dedicated thermal station) and 35 MW from wind.
Additional capacity generated during 2013-14 was only 13 MW (0.46%) that is 2892 MW in 2013-14 against 2878
MW in 2012-13. shows details of energy source and its installed capacity during the last five years. Total installed
capacity in Kerala from hydel, thermal and wind sources are shown
Introduction of Himachal
Pradesh.Power Sources
Himachal Pradesh is situated in the northern parts of our country with pleasant mountains, perpetual snow
peaks, beautiful crystal lakes, flourishing valleys, rocky ravines, pretty flowering meadow, ancient shrines
and promising tourist spots. It shares boundaries with Jammu & Kashmir in north-west, Punjab in south-
west, Haryana in south, Uttaranchal in south-east and Tibet/ China in north-east. Enveloped by Pir Panjal
& Dhauladhar ranges in north-west, dominated by great Himalayas in north & east and marked with lower
ridges of Shivalik ranges in south-east, it is situated in almost wholly mountainous of northern parts of
India with high altitudes varying from 350 m to 6975 m above mean sea level stretched over an area of
55,673 km2 with population of 68, 56,509 (population density 123 persons/ km2) as per 2011 census.

◦ Major source for power generation in Himachal Pradesh is hydro power followed by other non-
conventional sources of energy. In addition, Himachal Pradesh has also share in central sector coal/ gas
based thermal power stations and nuclear power generation.
Himachal Pradesh is blessed with significant potential for hydro electricity generation due to thawing of
glaciers and frozen lakes. Fed from five mighty snow-fed rivers (Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej & Yamuna)
emanating from western Himalayas, state is endowed with a vast hydropower potential of about 18,540
MW (with station installed capacity over 25 MW), which is equivalent to 1/8 th of the total hydro power
potential assessed in India. Out of this, 52% has been developed and 11 % is in the process of
development. State has the largest capacity hydropower station (1500 MW), the largest unit size (250
MW), the largest underground power house cavern and the longest tunnel in operation in the country at
Nathpa Jhakri. State also has third highest head hydropower station (Bhava-887m) in operation.

◦ Paper highlights in brief the power supply position, river systems, hydropower potential & status of
development, hydropower stations with individual installed capacity over 25 MW in operation or under
construction or under survey & investigations and renovation & modernization, up-rating and life
extension in Himachal Pradesh.
Function.
◦ HPSEBL is responsible for the supply of Uninterrupted & Quality power to all consumers in Himachal
Pradesh. Power is being supplied through a network of Transmission, Sub-Transmission & Distribution
lines laid in the state. Since its inception, Board has made long strides in executing the targets entrusted
to it.
Bibliography
◦ Wikipedia.