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    Sol Gel Production

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    etayhailu
    This document discusses sol-gel processing for preparing porous materials. Sol-gel processing involves dissolving a component in a liquid and solidifying it in a controlled manner to form gels and ceramics. It begins with hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of precursors like metal alkoxides to form a colloidal solution (sol) that transitions into a gel network. Key steps include aging, washing, drying to produce xerogels or drying in a supercritical fluid to produce aerogels, and final stabilization of the material. Sol-gel processing is widely used to prepare solid catalysts in various forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sol Gel Production

    Uploaded by

    etayhailu
    47 views11 pages
    This document discusses sol-gel processing for preparing porous materials. Sol-gel processing involves dissolving a component in a liquid and solidifying it in a controlled manner to form gels and ceramics. It begins with hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of precursors like metal alkoxides to form a colloidal solution (sol) that transitions into a gel network. Key steps include aging, washing, drying to produce xerogels or drying in a supercritical fluid to produce aerogels, and final stabilization of the material. Sol-gel processing is widely used to prepare solid catalysts in various forms.

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    for chemical processing

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    This document discusses sol-gel processing for preparing porous materials. Sol-gel processing involves dissolving a component in a liquid and solidifying it in a controlled manner to form gels and ceramics. It begins with hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of precursors like metal alkoxides to form a colloidal solution (sol) that transitions into a gel network. Key steps include aging, washing, drying to produce xerogels or drying in a supercritical fluid to produce aerogels, and final stabilization of the material. Sol-gel processing is widely used to prepare solid catalysts in various forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views11 pages

    Sol Gel Production

    Uploaded by

    etayhailu
    This document discusses sol-gel processing for preparing porous materials. Sol-gel processing involves dissolving a component in a liquid and solidifying it in a controlled manner to form gels and ceramics. It begins with hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of precursors like metal alkoxides to form a colloidal solution (sol) that transitions into a gel network. Key steps include aging, washing, drying to produce xerogels or drying in a supercritical fluid to produce aerogels, and final stabilization of the material. Sol-gel processing is widely used to prepare solid catalysts in various forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Mekelle University

    Ethiopian Institute of Technology-Mekelle


    Department of Chemical Engineering
    Process Engineering

    Name: Etay Hailu


    Id No:EITM/PR/81041/13
    1
    NG
    I
    E SS
    OC
    PR
    E L
    L G
    S O

    2
    Introduction
    Sol-gel processing is one of the routes for the preparation of
    porous materials by their solidification from a true solution
    phase
    Sol –gel processing designates a type of solid material
    synthesis ,performed in a liquid and at low temperature.
    Dissolve the component in a liquid in order to bring it back
    as a solid in a controlled manner.
    It’s a typical nanotechnology because all gel products contain
    nanoparticles or are nanocomposites.

    3
    Sol &Gel
    Sol is a stable dispersion of colloidal particles or polymers in
    a solvent.
    Consist of liquid with colloidal particles which are no
    dissolved, but do not agglomerate or sediment.
    Gel is a three dimensional continous network which encloses
    liquid phase.
    involves the evolution of inorganic networks through the
    formation of a colloidal suspension (sol) and gelation of the
    sol to form a network in a continuous liquid phase (gel)

    4
    Cont…
    The precursors for synthesizing these colloidsn consist
     metal alkoxides
     e.g: tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)
     metal chlorides
     they readily react with water.
     Reactions generally used to describe the sol-gel process:
     hydrolysis
     polycondensation

    5
    Figure 1: General scheme of sol-gel processing in the preparation of solid materials: I –
    colloidization; II – flocculation; III – gelation; IV – supercritical fluid processing; and V –
    drying by evaporation.

    6
    Physicochemical Basis and Principles of Sol-Gel Processing
     Sol-gel processing is a sequence of operations including chemical reactions
    and physical processes (phase separation, dissolution, evaporation, phase
    transition, etc.) leading to the formation of porous solids (metal oxides or
    oxide-free materials) from liquid solutions of molecular precursors.
     The sol-gel processing sequence includes the following seven main stages:
     conversion (activation) of dissolved molecular precursors to the reactive state

     polycondensation of activated molecular precursors in to nano clusters


    (micelles) forming a colloidal solution – sol;
     Gelation

     Aging
     Washing;

     Drying;
     Stabilization 7
    Percureser

    Gel formation

    Ageing in mother liquir

    Washing

    Dring process

    Xerogel Aerogel
    (evaporation) (atoclave)

    Stabilization

    Final material
    8
    Application of Sol-Gel Processing to Prepare Solid Catalysts
     Sol-gel processing is widely used for the preparation of solid
    catalytic materials, which cover all the known applications of solid
    catalysts.
     Bulk Catalytic Phase Materials: Xero- and Aerogels
     Monometallic Catalytic Materials
     Alumina

     Titania

     Multimetallic Composite Catalytic Phases


     Catalytic Materials and Modifiers Entrapped in Porous
    Matrices
     Atoms or Molecular Substances Entrapped by Cocondensation at the
    Colloidization Step
     Mixed-Metal Oxide Xero- and Aerogels

    9
    cont…
    Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Interphase Catalysts
     MolecularSubstances Adsorbed or Entrapped at the
    Gelation Step
    Functionalized Organic Catalysts
    Inorganic Molecular Catalysts
    Enzymes

    10
    Factors Influencing Sol-Gel Process
     Parameters influencing hydrolysis
     Water toalkoxide ratio
     Type and amount of catalyst
     Parameters influencing condensation
     Type of precursor
     Alkoxide water ratio
     Type of catalyst
     pH
     Type of solvent

    11

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