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    Image Enhancement PPT-2

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    salution technology
    The document discusses various techniques for image enhancement, including spatial domain operators, point operations, spatial filters, and morphological operators. Specific methods covered include histogram equalization, denoising, contrast adjustment, median filtering, unsharp masking, CLAHE, decorrelation stretch, and gamma correction. Several students then presented additional techniques such as gray transformation, Retinex processing, frequency domain filtering, image fusion, and defogging.

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    Image Enhancement PPT-2

    Uploaded by

    salution technology
    570 views28 pages
    The document discusses various techniques for image enhancement, including spatial domain operators, point operations, spatial filters, and morphological operators. Specific methods covered include histogram equalization, denoising, contrast adjustment, median filtering, unsharp masking, CLAHE, decorrelation stretch, and gamma correction. Several students then presented additional techniques such as gray transformation, Retinex processing, frequency domain filtering, image fusion, and defogging.

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    The document discusses various techniques for image enhancement, including spatial domain operators, point operations, spatial filters, and morphological operators. Specific methods covered include histogram equalization, denoising, contrast adjustment, median filtering, unsharp masking, CLAHE, decorrelation stretch, and gamma correction. Several students then presented additional techniques such as gray transformation, Retinex processing, frequency domain filtering, image fusion, and defogging.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    570 views28 pages

    Image Enhancement PPT-2

    Uploaded by

    salution technology
    The document discusses various techniques for image enhancement, including spatial domain operators, point operations, spatial filters, and morphological operators. Specific methods covered include histogram equalization, denoising, contrast adjustment, median filtering, unsharp masking, CLAHE, decorrelation stretch, and gamma correction. Several students then presented additional techniques such as gray transformation, Retinex processing, frequency domain filtering, image fusion, and defogging.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Image Enhancement

    PRESENTED BY:
    FARZEEN WALAYAT. (22015956-003)
    MOMAL QAISAR. (22015956-006)
    RUBAB TARIQ. (22015956-015)
    MOMNA ANJUM. (22015956-027)
    FARZEEN WALAYAT
    22015956-003
    INTRODUCTION

     Image enhancement is the process of adjusting


    digital images so that the results are more
    suitable for display or further image analysis.
    For example, you can remove noise, sharpen, or
    brighten an image, making it easier to identify
    key features.
     The visual quality and certain image properties,
    such as brightness, contrast, signal-to-noise
    ratio, resolution, edge sharpness, and color
    accuracy were improved through the
    enhancement process.
    Types
    spatial domain operator:

    Types of spatial domain operator:


    Point operation (intensity transformation) - Point operations refer to running the same conversion operation
    for each pixel in a grayscale image. The transformation is based on the original pixel and is independent of
    its location or neighboring pixels.
    Spatial filter (or mask, kernel) - The output value depends on the values of f(x,y) and its neighborhood.
    METHODS

     Here are some useful examples and methods of image enhancement:


     Filtering with morphological operators
     Histogram equalization
     Denoising
     Linear contrast adjustment
     Median filtering
     Unsharp mask filtering
     Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE)
     Decorrelation stretch
    Examples
    Rubab Tariq
    22015956-015
    5 Techniques to image enhancement

    1. Histogram Equalization
    2. Balance contrast enhancement technique
    3. Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization
    4. Image complement
    5. Gamma Correction

    T. Rahman et al., “Exploring the effect of image enhancement techniques on COVID-19 detection using chest X-ray
    images,” Comput. Biol. Med., vol. 132, no. November 2020, p. 104319, 2021, doi:
    10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104319.
    Histogram Equalization

     The histogram equalization (HE)


    technique aims to distribute the gray
    levels within an image. Each gray level
    is therefore has equal chances to occur.
    HE changes the brightness and contrast
    of the dark and low contrast images to
    enhance image quality.
    Example
    Gamma correction

     Typically, linear operations are performed on


    individual pixels in image normalization, such as
    scalar multiplication, addition, and subtraction.
    Gamma correction performs a non-linear operation
    on source image pixels. Gamma correction alternates
    the pixel value to improve the image using the
    projection relationship between the value of the pixel
    and the value of the gamma according to the internal
    map.
    Example
    Momal Qaisar
    22015956-006
    6 Techniques To Image Enhancement

    1. Gray transformation method.


    2. Histogram equalization method.
    3. Retinex method.
    4. Frequency domain method.
    5. Fusion method.
    6. Defogging method.

    W. Wang, X. Wu, X. Yuan, S. Membe, and Z. Gao, “An Experiment-Based Review of Low-Light Image Enhancement
    Methods,” vol. 8, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992749.
    Gray Transformation Method

     Allows the modification by mapping input gray levels to various output levels to achieve
    the desired image enhancement.
     It uses a mathematical function Based mapping based strategy.
     Two types are as follow:
     Linear Transformation. (negative & identity)
     Non-Linear Transformation. (logarithmic & gamma functions)
    Histogram Equalization Method

     It’s a technique used to adjust the contrast of an image by modifying the intensity
    distribution of pixel.
    Retinex Method

     It is a technique that is used to enhance the color and brightness of an image by


    simulating the human visual system.
    Frequency Domain Method

     It is a technique that is used to analyze & manipulate an image by converting it from spatial domain
    to frequency domain using Fourier Transform.
     It uses “Homomorphic Filtering”.
     Homomorphic filtering is a technique that is used to improve the quality of image by adjusting the
    brightness & contrast.
     Particularly helpful for fixing images with uneven light or contrast due to varying light condition.
    Fusion Methods

     It combines multiple images or images features to create an enhanced & visually


    appealing image.
     It involves merging, blending of different images to create more detailed & visually
    pleasing image.
    Defogging Methods

     It is used to enhance the images that are affected by


    fog, haze or atmospheric scattering.
     Aim is to restore the visibility & improve the
    quality of image captured in such degraded
    conditions.
    Moma Anjum
    22015956-027
    4 Techniques To Image Enhancement

    1. Interpolation.
    2. Dynamic range compression.
    3. Alpha rooting.
    4. Contrast stretching.

    G. Babatunde Iwasokun and O. Charles Akinyokun, “SCIENCEDOMAIN international Image Enhancement Methods: A
    Review,” Br. J. Math. Comput. Sci., vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 2251–2277, 2014, [Online]. Available: www.sciencedomain.org
    Interpolation

     An image is expanded to size (2n-


    1) x (2m-1) and the defined pixels
    are marked with ‘X’ while the
    undefined pixels are filled by
    taking the average values of the
    neighboring pixels.
    Dynamic Range Compression

     Dynamic range compression in image processing is a technique


    that reduces the contrast in an image by decreasing the difference
    between the brightest and darkest parts of the image.
    Alpha Rooting

     Alpha rooting is a process that


    involves taking the logarithm of
    the pixels values in an image.
     This can be used to reduce the
    contrast in high contrast images.
    Contrast Stretching (CS)

     It adjust the contrast of an image by stretching the range of the


    pixels values.

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