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    Week2 Lecture

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    Anton Rivera
    The document provides context on Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the 19th century. It discusses the social classes under Spanish rule, the major revolutions of the time including the industrial, French, and American revolutions. It also discusses the role of the church, the opening of ports to trade, the rise of an enlightened middle class, and key events like the Spanish revolution of 1868 and the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that influenced nationalism. The document aims to understand Rizal in the context of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes occurring in the 19th century Philippines.

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    Week2 Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Anton Rivera
    30 views22 pages
    The document provides context on Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the 19th century. It discusses the social classes under Spanish rule, the major revolutions of the time including the industrial, French, and American revolutions. It also discusses the role of the church, the opening of ports to trade, the rise of an enlightened middle class, and key events like the Spanish revolution of 1868 and the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that influenced nationalism. The document aims to understand Rizal in the context of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes occurring in the 19th century Philippines.

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    The document provides context on Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the 19th century. It discusses the social classes under Spanish rule, the major revolutions of the time including the industrial, French, and American revolutions. It also discusses the role of the church, the opening of ports to trade, the rise of an enlightened middle class, and key events like the Spanish revolution of 1868 and the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that influenced nationalism. The document aims to understand Rizal in the context of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes occurring in the 19th century Philippines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views22 pages

    Week2 Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Anton Rivera
    The document provides context on Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the 19th century. It discusses the social classes under Spanish rule, the major revolutions of the time including the industrial, French, and American revolutions. It also discusses the role of the church, the opening of ports to trade, the rise of an enlightened middle class, and key events like the Spanish revolution of 1868 and the Cavite mutiny of 1872 that influenced nationalism. The document aims to understand Rizal in the context of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes occurring in the 19th century Philippines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 22

    The Philippines in the

    19th Century as Rizal’s


    Context
    PREPARED BY: MR. ANTON RIVERA
    Objectives

    ● Appraise the link between the individual and society.


    ● Analyze the various social, political, economic, and
    cultural changes that occurred in the 19th century.
    ● Understand Jose Rizal in the context of his times.
    INTRODUCTION

    Dr. Jose Rizal was the first to consider the Indios as one
    state when he first used the word “Filipino” to refer to all
    inhabitants in the Philippines whether they are of Spanish
    or Filipino blood.
    SOCIAL CLASSES IN SPANISH
    REGIME

    Peninsulares /
    Insulares

    Ilustrados

    Chinese / Spanish
    Mestizos

    Indios / Sangley
    The Three Great
    Revolutions

    Industrial Revolution 1760 - 1830 01


    The French Revolution 1789 - 1799 02
    The American Revolution 1775 - 1783 03
    INDUSTRIAL
    REVOLUTION
    in England
    The Industrial Revolution in England was a period of
    significant technological advancements, economic
    growth, and social changes that took place between
    the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It started with
    the mechanization of the textile industry, specifically
    with the invention of the spinning jenny and water-
    powered cotton mills. This led to increased
    production, lower costs, and the growth of the
    factory system.
    THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
    in France

    The French Revolution was a period of major social


    upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. It
    sought to completely change the relationship
    between the rulers and those they governed and to
    redefine the nature of political power. It proceeded in
    a back-and-forth process between revolutionary and
    reactionary forces
    AMERICAN
    REVOLUTION
    in United States of America
    The American Revolution—also called the U.S. War of
    Independence—was the insurrection fought between 1775
    and 1783 through which 13 of Great Britain’s North
    American colonies threw off British rule to establish the
    sovereign United States of America, founded with the
    Declaration of Independence in 1776. British attempts to
    assert greater control over colonial affairs after a long
    period of salutary neglect, including the imposition of
    unpopular taxes, had contributed to growing estrangement
    between the crown
    CREDITS: and a template
    This presentation large and influential
    was created by Slidesgo,segment of
    including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by
    colonists who ultimately saw armed rebellion Freepik.as their only
    recourse.
    Please keep this slide for attribution.
    THE CHURCH IN THE 19TH
    CENTURY
    One of the aims of Dr. Jose Rizal and the propagandists in
    preparing the Filipino people for revolution and
    independence was to discredit the friars. Exposing the
    abuses and immoralities of the friars is one way to
    downplay their power and influence among the people and
    thus can shift the allegiance of the Indios from the friars to
    the Filipino reformists and leaders. The strengthening power
    of the friars in the 19th century has encouraged the
    nationalists to double their efforts to win the people to their
    side.
    19th century saw the flowering of
    the national spirit stimulated by
    the following influences:

     The opening of the Philippines to world trade


     The rise of an enlightened middle class,
     The Spanish Revolution of 1868
     The opening of the Suez Canal
     The Cavite Mutiny of 1872, and
     The martyrdom of GOMBURZA
    The Opening of Ports
    to World Trade
    The opportunity of the 19th century was Europe adopting a more liberal commerical policy.
    Where Spain following the example of other European powers, liberalized it economic policy
    in the Philippines by permitting foerign firms to do business in Manila.

    Manila Port c. 1899


    Rise of an Enlightened Middle Class
    Material prosperity produced an enlightened middle class, consisting of well-to-do farmers,
    teachers, lawyers, physicians, writers, and government employees. They read books, and
    newspapers, discussed political problems and reforms, and their children to colleges and
    universities in Manila and abroad.

    Age of Enlightenment
    THE ILLUSTRADOS
    The Spanish Revolution
    of 1868
    On September 19, 1868, a revolution broke out in
    Cadiz, Spain against the autocratic rule of Queen
    Isabella II (1836 – 1868), led by two generals namely
    Serrano and Prim.
    The Opening of the Suez Canal (1869)

    The opening of Suez Canal to world shipping


    in 1869 stimulated Philippine progress.

    This canal is 103 miles long, and connects the


    Mediterranean with the Gulf of Suez and
    hence with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.
    The Cavite Mutiny of 1872

    The Filipino people deeply resented the execution of Father Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. They were
    acclaimed as the executed priests as true martyr’s of their fatherland.

    The execution of GOMBURZA speed up the growth of Philippine Nationalism, which ultimately
    brought about Spain’s downfall.
    Ganito
    Kami Noon,
    Paano Kayo
    Ngayon?
    GANTO KAMI NOON,
    PAANO KAYO
    NGAYON?
    Save the link and watch it at home:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=JsF8EhDG-TU
    ANY
    QUESTIONS?
    GROUP SEATWORK
    Get articles and their corresponding pictures in our present time which show similar issues
    between the 19th Century and the present time.

    The articles should come from newspaper clippings.

    Example
    Poverty and inequality: The 19th century was a time of
    great economic inequality, with a small number of wealthy
    people owning a disproportionate amount of the wealth.
    This is still a major problem in the present day, with the gap
    between the rich and the poor continuing to widen.
    Additional Readings and Resources
    ● Constantino, Renato (1976): “Veneration without ● “Order of the Knights of Rizal”,
    Understanding”, a pamphlet, National Bookstore, https://knightsofrizal.org/
    Mandaluyong City.
    ● “Jose Rizal”, Filipinas Heritage Library,
    ● Ocampo, Ambeth (2015): Rizal Without an Overcoat, https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/tag/jose-rizal/
    Anvil publishing reprint, Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
    ● “From Cadiz to La Liga: The Spanish Context of Rizal’s
    ● Valenzuela, Edwin and Calayag, Nonie (2019): Rizal’s Political Thought”, Aseniero, George,
    Life and Works: Towards Social Awareness and https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-49-1-2013/
    Nationalism, GBT Publications, Quezon City From%20Cadiz%20to%20La%20Liga%20-%20Spanish
    %20Context%20of%20Rizals%20Political%20Thought
    %20-%20Aseniero.pdf
    ● Anderson, Eric A (undated): “The Encomienda in the
    Early Philippine Colonial History” Retrieved from
    ● Rizal Articles, National Historical Commission of the
    https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-14-2-1976/
    anderson-encomienda-philippine-history.pdf Philippines,
    https://nhcp.gov.ph/category/nhcp/resources/articles-reso
    urces/rizal-articles/
    ● “Rizal Law”, Official Gazette, June 12, 1956,
    https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republc-
    act-no-1425/, Accessed September 24, 2021

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