BIOLOGY

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 INGESTION
1

DIGESTION
3

5
4
ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6

Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System

7
EXCRETION
LESSON OBJECTIVES:

1.Identify healthful practices that affect the

digestive system
2.Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation
and excretion
3.Explain how diseses of the digestive system
are prevented, detected and treated
 A GROUP OF
ORGANS IN THE
DIGESTIV BODY THAT
E SYSTEM
CHANGES FOOD
INTO USABLE FORM
INGESTI
ON
 The first process that
happens in digestive
INGESTIO system. It is the
N INTAKE OF FOOD or
any substance into the
body through the
mouth.
 mouth INGESTION
2

DIGESTION
3

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 cut, crush,
TEET and break the
H food apart into
tiny pieces
 the process by
MASTIFICAT which food is
ION OR
CHEWING mashed and crush
by teeth
 helps mix food with
saliva secreted by
the salivary glands
TONGU
forming into a moist
E ball called bolus so
it can be easily
swallowed
BOLUS

A MOIST BALL MIXTURE OF FOOD AND

SALIVA
 contains salivary
amylase, the enzyme
SALIVA that breaks down
starch into smaller
carbohydrate
Illustrated by: Rosa Mia L. Pontillo
DIGESTION
 is the second process
involved in digestive
system. It involves
DIGESTI mechanical and
ON chemical breakdown
wherein large food
molecules are broken
into smaller molecules
 MECHANICAL DIGESTION

Breakdown of food into

DIGESTI smaller particle
ON CHEMICAL DIGESTION
Breakdown of complex
molecules by digestive
enzymes
 a tube that
attaches the
ESOPHAG
US mouth to the
stomach where
bolus passes
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

DIGESTION
3

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 A series of wave-like
muscle contractions
that push and
PERISTAL
SIS transport foods and
liquids in small
sections to the
stomach
 A J-shaped, bag-
like muscular
organ that can
STOMA hold
CH
approximately one
liter of fluid and
food.
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

DIGESTION
STOMACH

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 The primary function
of the stomach is to
STOMA store food, which
CH turns to chyme after
being acted on by the
stomach acid.
Chyme is a semifluid material
formed from bolus that is acted
upon by the gastric juices
secreted by the stomach.
 The walls of the stomach
have special cells that
STOMA secrete gastric juices like
CH hydrochloric acid and
pepsin
 Digestive enzyme in
PEPSIN the stomach that
breakdown proteins
Illustrated by: Rosa Mia L. Pontillo
 organ that breaks
down food further
SMALL into substances,
INTESTIN such as glucose, that
E
can be absorbed by
the villi
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

DIGESTION
STOMACH

5
Small intestine
ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 3 PARTS

SMALL 1. Duodenum
INTESTIN
E 2. Jejunum
3. ileum
 is the first and
shortest part of
the small
intestine that
DUODENUM starts at the lower
end of the
stomach
  it is in charge for the
continuous breaking-down
process as it partially
receives the chyme from
SMALL
the stomach, it resumes
INTESTINE
( DUODENU chemical digestion of food,
M) and prepares for absorption
through the villi.
 ACCESSORY
ORGANS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

LIVER
DIGESTION
3
GALL BLADDER

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 Is the biggest
LIVER organ inside the
body
 produces bile, a
green fluid that turns
large fat droplets
LIVER into smaller ones and
stores them in the
gall bladder
 A small pear-
shaped sac that
GALL
BLADDER can hold about
50ml of bile
ABSORPTION
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

LIVER
DIGESTION
3
GALL BLADDER

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 the third process
that happens in
ABSORPTI the digestive
ON system. It occurs
mostly in the
small intestine
  the process of passing the soluble food molecules in
ABSORPTI the wall of the small intestine through the villi – the
tiny, finger-like projections from the epithelial lining
ON of the intestinal wall. Each villus contains blood
 the tiny, finger-like
projections from the
epithelial lining of
the intestinal wall.
Each villus contains
blood vessel that
absorb nutrients
villi
ASSIMILATIO
N
 It is the movement
of digested food
ASSIMILAT
ION nutrients into the
blood vessels of the
small intestine
  It is the
movement of
ASSIMILAT digested food
ION nutrients into the
blood vessels of
the small intestine
 This is where
reabsorption of
LARGE liquid, electrolytes
INTESTIN
E and some vitamins
from the undigested
food takes place
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

LIVER
DIGESTION
3
GALL BLADDER

LARGE INTESTINE
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
6
7
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 It secretes mucus
to aid in the
LARGE formation of feces
INTESTIN
E and maintains
alkaline
conditions.
EXCRETION
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

LIVER
DIGESTION
3
GALL BLADDER

5
4 ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
RECTUM
ANUS
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
 
.It is the release of
undigested food
EXCRETI collected in the rectum
ON called feces and pushed
out of the body through
the anus by defecation.
 DISEASES OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 Change in bowel habit
Sudden weight loss
Severe abdominal pain
SYMPTOMS
Blood in the stool
Heartburn and release of
gas
 Diarrhea
Constipation
COMMON Hepatitis
DISEASES Gallstones
Peptic ulcer
 Hemorrhoids
COMMON
DISEASES Appendicitis
 Anorexia
COMMON
Bulimia
DISORDE
RS
 mouth INGESTION
ESOPHAGUS

LIVER
DIGESTION
STOMACH
GALL BLADDER
SMALL
LARGE INTESTINE INTESTINE ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
RECTUM
ANUS
EXCRETION
Figure 1. Parts and Processes of the Digestive System
Illustrated by: Rosa Mia L. Pontillo