Unit Two Writing Activities Final

Unit Two: Writing Activities
2.1 Writing Stages and

Competencies
2.2 Sourcing for Writing
2.3 Internet and Speech Writing
2.4 Logical Issues in Speech
Writing
2.5 Introduction of Writing
2.6 Other Parts of Writing
This unit enables you to:
 think creatively;
 plan speech;
 draft speech;
 proofread;
 finalize; and
 deliver.
2.1 Writing Stages and Competencies
 Holding being “Why
considering the
 Write what you have to air
 Formal/ informal audience first?”
 Being architect of writing & speech
Knowing Audience Why?
“who am I writing for?”

Information Package
 Question “What do I deliver?”

 Objective- driven Value- adding
• What does this mean?

Relevance
Capture Attention
Can this way be sustainable?
Capture Attention
 Capture+ nourishment= success
 Capture- nourishment= Failure
 Attention is “wanderer”. Why?
Language and Style
 Ineffective language is a killer of

message
 Language is a “costume” of speech
 Style and language pillars of speech
 Diction and speech
 Diction and writing
 Style of language
 Style of delivery
Logicality
 Logical
presentation
 Smooth flow of idea
 Connects listeners to the reality
Presentation
 Like liquid pipe
 Blocked pipe cannot pass liquid
 Well- written speech can be
distorted
 It is art
 Magnet field that attracts
 Positive energy
Wearing the Personality of the Deliverer
Wear the personality of the speaker and

Think thoroughly!
Wearing…..
 Know you are not writing for yourself
 Know linguistic use of the speaker
 Know the culture of the speaker
 Know formal and informal speech of the speaker
Adaptability
 Speech writer has to be context conscious
 Has to be aware of heterogeneity of listeners
 Speech writer has to be explorer into unknown
Regular Practice
 Practice what you want to achieve
 Dreaming cannot help you to be perfect
 To begin, a paragraph a week
Reading
 Reading rejuvenates you
 Read speeches/ writings of reputed writers
 Increases the horizon of thinking
2.2 Sourcing for Writing
 Justifying a statement by source information

 Respect academic conventions
 Give credit to others’ works
 Style of citation has to be mastered
 Respect the adopted school of thought
Know How to cite
 Short direct quotations
 Long Direct quotations
 Paraphrased ideas
When do we cite?
Why do we cite?
Who should be cited?
What do we cite?
How do you cite websites?
Self Citation Problem Identification
1. What were / are your serious problems in
citing from the works of others?
2. What do you think is the source of this
problem?
3. Write a paragraph citing from a web site on
problems of academic writing.
4. Write one indigenous proverb and explain it
in a short paragraph.
2.3 Internet and Speech Writing
 It enriches thinking
 Develops confidence
 more accessible than a conventional library
 Globalizes ideas easily
 Printed materials are superior to internet
sources
 Some works are not available in internet
 Books are more reliable
Check Internet Sources using:
 Authority
 Objectivity
 Authenticity
 Reliability
 Timeliness
Relevance
 Relevance
 Efficiency
Authority
Objectivity
Cont.
1. Authority: Credibility
2. Objectivity: Bias fairness
3. Authenticity: Check the origin of information
4. Reliability: Check the sponsors
5. Timelessness: Check compatibility with time
6. Relevance: Do you need what you quote?
7. Efficiency: can it be accessible for the needed time?
Scholarship/ propaganda
Reasonableness/ unreasonableness
Home Assignment
 Write the major advantages of the internet
 Seek one simplified classical novel from the
internet sources and reflect to the class.

 What new idea has emerged from your
reading?
 Why do you believe it is so?
 This work is to be ready for a week from
today.
2.4 Logical Issues in Speech Writing
How do you evaluate the following script?
Liars are all poor people from developing countries.

Due to this, developed countries hate the people
from developing countries. Thus, both groups
should keep away themselves from each other.
What is its strength?
What is missing?
Cont…
There are numberless reasons to be suspicious. One
is the last of all, which is being self- worshipper, the
second is lack of awareness of others, and the third
thing is the unique experiences of people, which
alienate them from others.
What is missing?
If you are the writer of it, how will you write it?
Cont…
Read the following script and say what you have

to say.
I do not like you, because a black dog crossed my
way when I was calling on a mobile. If I continue
in communication with you, I believe I will face a
bad fortune. Thus, I have to neglect your
partnership for my sake.
What is missing?
Cont…
 Speech should be craftily coherent and logical
 It should not be thoughtlessly written
 It has to have focus
 It has to rely on facts
Cont…
Qualify the following to be a good
speaker
 Ethos: credibility
 Pathos: emotional connection
 Logos: logical argument
Don’t stand in front of people like empty

vessel
Write half a page speech and reflect to the
class (15 minutes)
2.5 Introduction of Writing
 Beginning of journey
 Write example introduction of your own topic (5

minutes)
Cont…
 Introduction includes thesis statement
 Thesis statement: shows scope of writing
 Topic: “Famine in Ethiopia’s Borana Zone”
 Vague thesis statement:
Famine claims lives of animals. Famine has

numberless origins and effects.
Cont….
Strong thesis statement
Famine recurs in Ethiopia’s Borana Zone because
the underground water is not put into action; the
forest cover is diminishing due to uncontrolled
animals’ movement, and scarcity of rain.
Why is it strong?
A 2- Day Individual Home Work
1. Write a topic of your own
2. Make it manageable for a page paper
3. Write thesis statement
4. Write introductory paragraph
5. Write the essay
6. Submit to your instructor
2.6 Other Parts of Writing
 Body- “Digestive system”
 Where thesis statement is articulated
 Writer mediates between idea and targets
 Speaker mediates between idea and targets
 Writing starts with outline
2.6 Other Parts….
 Outline isn’t set in stone
 You are the originator of your writing
Writing draft one

 How do you start writing?
 Where do you start writing?
 From challenging to simple & vice
versa
2.6 Other Parts….
 Take one idea at a time
 A paragraph contains a single idea
 Task: Writing a paragraph in five sentences
 Write topic sentence at the start of
paragraph
 The rest sentences are supporting
sentences
 Supporting sentences discuss the topic
sentence
2.6 Other….
Keep arguments flexible
 Keep changing ideas if you think
so
 Ideas keep flowing
 Keep a record of them
 Ideas should flow smoothily
2.6 Other….
Note your sources
 Keep a record of sources
 Jot down necessary information for
referencing
 Avoid plagiarism
Avoid hair-splitting
 “Be reasonably reasonable”
 Don’t be ‘too perfect’
2.6 Other….
 Don’t get stacked by the idea of perfection
 Write what comes to your mind, then review
Write second draft

 Refining stage
 Think on line, between lines, and beyond
lines
 Synthesize ideas
 Cut and add stage
2.6 Other…
Check your ideas against your thesis
 Relevance and logic checking
 Ask questions of connection
 Pertinent?
 Evidence?
 Power of reasoning?
 Consequences/ importance?
 The answer has to be “yes”
2.6 Other….
Watch out for weak points
 Groundless assumptions
 Lack of evidence/superficial
 Logical inconsistencies/ “unworkable”
 Uncertainty/ hesitation
2.6 Other…
Check the organization/ coherence
 Is there logical interconnection?
 Crosscheck topic sentences of
paragraphs
 Do topic sentences show the route
you have to go?

2.6 Other…
Interconnectedness of ideas
 Do ideas work together?
 Check inter -and intra- paragraph unity
 Do sentences logically flow?

 Use transition markers to connect
sentences as appropriate
 Use bridge sentences to cohere
paragraphs
2.6 Other…
NB: a writer touches heart, mind,
and soul of targets.
What does this mean?
2.6 Wind- Up
 Individual Wind- up Task (15 minutes)
 What are the similarities and differences between
written and spoken languages?

 How central is the audience to a speech?
 What are qualities of a good speech?
 Discuss the qualities a good speechwriter should
possess.
 Discuss how speechwriter can make the writer feel
that the speech deliverer is the speechwriter.

 How should we write speeches?
 Briefly explain the roles of each part of an essay/ or
a paper.

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Unit Two: Writing Activities

2.1 Writing Stages and

Knowing Audience Why?

“who am I writing for?”

 Question “What do I deliver?”

• What does this mean?

 Ineffective language is a killer of

Wear the personality of the speaker and

 Justifying a statement by source information

internet sources and reflect to the class.

Liars are all poor people from developing countries.

Read the following script and say what you have

Don’t stand in front of people like empty

 Write example introduction of your own topic (5

Famine claims lives of animals. Famine has

Writing draft one

Write second draft

you have to go?

 Check inter -and intra- paragraph unity

 Do sentences logically flow?

written and spoken languages?

that the speech deliverer is the speechwriter.

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