JOJOBA OIL

NURHAYATI BINTI ROSLAN

SED130014
INTRODUCTION
Jojoba oil
• Family: Simmondsiaceae
• Genus: Simmondsia
• Species: Simmondsia chinensis
• Jojoba is endemic to Northern America. It is native
to the Sonoran, Mojave and Baja California deserts
of Arizona
• Has high nutritional value:
 It provides immunity to immune against bacterial
action, antifoam agent in antibiotics production
and as a treatment for skin disorders.
• Previous work on jojoba oil:
 Anti-microbial (Zanial et al 1994)
 Anti-inflammatory
Unrefined jojoba oil appears as a
clear golden liquid at room
temperature with a slightly nutty
odor.

Refined jojoba oil is colorless and

odorless.

The melting point of jojoba oil is

approximately 10 °C and the
iodine value is approximately 80.
HISTORY
• 1977-1980: Jojoba plant extract was used effectively as cosmetic
material.

• 1982-1985: Jojoba proved not to interfere biological processed its

purity & indigestibility.

• 1987-1997: Jojoba oil proved to have marked anti-inflammatory &

anti-bacterial action
Structure & components
• The height of Jojoba plant is about 1 m and it is easily identified
because of its thick, oval shape, bluish-green leaves and dark brown
nut-like fruit.
• The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, with 5–6 sepals and no petals.
• The mature seed is a hard oval, dark brown in color and contains an
oil (liquid wax) content of approximately 54%
Conti..
• Mixture of monounsaturated C20 and C22 alcohols and acids where
the double bond is situated at each side of the ester bond
• Unique among the rest of the vegetable oils because of the almost
complete absence of glycerine
Fatty acids Range

Palmitic C16:0 3.0 % max

Palmitoleic C16:1 1.0 %max

Stearic C18:0 1.0 %max

Oleic C18:1 5.0 - 15.0 %

Linoleic C18:2 5.0 % max

Linolenic C18:3 1.0 % max

Arachidic C20:0 0.5 % max

Eicosenoic C20:1 65.0 - 80.0 % max

Behenic C22:0 0.5 % max

Erucic C22:1 10.0 - 20.0 % max

Lignoceric C24:0 5.0 % max

Benefits
• Presence of several vitamins and minerals
vitamin E and B complex
copper, iodine, and zinc
establishes jojoba oil as a core ingredient in several pharmaceuticals products
• It serves as an essential ingredient in various skin-care products
face moisturizer,
facial cleanser
scar and stretch mark minimizer, anti-acne
• Hair-care products
hair conditioner,
de-tangling cream
hair regrowth serum
Products
Economic of Jojoba Oil
• The Jojoba oil market is stronger than ever because their applications
do not stop increasing, especially in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical
industries.
• Many researchers are realizing about the great difference between
this unique oil and the rest of vegetable oils.
• The global jojoba oil market reached a volume of 12,000 Tons in 2016,
growing at a CAGR of around 12% during 2009-2016.
• This fact can be confirmed taking into account the estimated Jojoba
oil demand in the world, that it is approximately 200,000 tons which
is enormously higher than the current production.
Social importance of jojoba
• Due to its low nutrient requirements, deep root system, drought resistance,
longevity and low susceptibility to fire used for soil stabilizing
• As the properties of jojoba oil is same as of oil of sprum whale. Therefore
the prey of whale has been reducing considerably. The oil derived from the
cultivation of one-hectare jojoba is equal to oil derived from 124 whales
• Reclamation: It is used for revegetation of arid areas as it can survive in
harsh desert environments; this is so in Mexico, Israel and in Rajasthan
India.
• Used as alternate fuel oil. Viscosity index of jojoba oil is much higher than
that of petroleum oil; therefore, it may be used as a high temperature, high
pressure lubricant.
Planting
• Coarse, light or medium textured soils with good drainage and good
water penetration.
• Propagated through seed, rooted cuttings, and tissue culture.
• Jojoba grows 1/2 to one foot (15 to 30 cm) per year in diameter and
in height.
• Under warmer conditions, this growth rate may double.
• For faster emergence, plantings should be made during the warm
months of the year and depth of planting should not exceed 1 1/2
inches (2 to 3 cm), with soil temperatures of 70° F (21°C) or higher.
Harvesting
• Pressed Jojoba Oil which has been removed from jojoba seed by passing the
seed through mechanical presses known as "expellers". These machines
"expel" the oil from jojoba seed through the application of pressure, and
sometimes heat to facilitate release of the oil from the seed. In addition to
jojoba oil, the processing of jojoba seed with expeller presses results in the
formation of a jojoba "press cake".

• This press cake typically contains 12% – 18% residual jojoba oil, 5-8%
moisture, 20-25% protein, 10-12% simmondsin and the balance
carbohydrate and fiber and can be pressed a second time. Press cake
resulting from this second mechanical press of jojoba seed usually contains
8-10% residual jojoba oil, 4-6% moisture, 22-28% protein, 12% simmondsin
and the balance carbohydrate and fiber.
Disease

• On poorly drained soil, jojoba is susceptible to fungal wilts, including

Verticillium, Fusarium, Pithium and Phytopthora.
END