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    Chitin and Its Biomedical Applications

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    Clinton E Ebikemefa
    This document discusses chitin and its applications as a biomaterial. [1] Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. [2] It can be prepared from shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. [3] Chitin has a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, wound dressings, artificial skin, and treatment of bone damage.

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    Chitin and Its Biomedical Applications

    Uploaded by

    Clinton E Ebikemefa
    30 views17 pages
    This document discusses chitin and its applications as a biomaterial. [1] Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. [2] It can be prepared from shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. [3] Chitin has a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, wound dressings, artificial skin, and treatment of bone damage.

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    This power point explains the importance of "Chitin" as a Biomaterial

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    CHITIN AND ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

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    This document discusses chitin and its applications as a biomaterial. [1] Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. [2] It can be prepared from shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. [3] Chitin has a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, wound dressings, artificial skin, and treatment of bone damage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views17 pages

    Chitin and Its Biomedical Applications

    Uploaded by

    Clinton E Ebikemefa
    This document discusses chitin and its applications as a biomaterial. [1] Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. [2] It can be prepared from shells of crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. [3] Chitin has a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, wound dressings, artificial skin, and treatment of bone damage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Ahmadu Bello University

    Department of Metallurgical and Materials


    Engineering

    EBIKEMEFA .E. CLINTON

    “APPLICATION OF CHITIN AS
    BIOMATERIAL”
    TABLE OF CONTENT

    • Outline

    • WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS?


    • INTRODUCTION TO CHITIN
    • PREPARATION OF CHITIN
    • BIOLOGICAL SOURCES
    • BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCE(S)
    WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS?

    • A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with


    biological systems for a medical purpose, either a therapeutic (treat,
    augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a
    diagnostic one without posing any harm to the system.
    • Key words:
    (a) Treat
    (b) Repair or Replace
    (c) Augment
    INTRODUTION TO CHITIN
    • Chitin is a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide
    • It is white, hard, inelastic, and a nitrogenous compound
    • It is a by product of the fishery industry and is considered as a
    regenerating raw material which is only second to cellulose in terms of
    abundance.
    • Chitin is the main component in the shells of crustaceans such as
    shrimp, crab and lobster
    • found in exoskeletons of mollusks and insects as well as in the cell walls
    of some fungi
    Structural Representation of Chitin
    PREPARATION OF CHITIN

    • Chitin is obtained from the shells of crustaceans such as crabs, prawns,


    lobsters and shrimps,
    • It is also gotten from the exoskeletons of insects, and the cell walls of
    fungi such as aspergillus and mucor.
    • Crab and shrimp shell wastes are currently utilized as the major industrial
    source of biomass for the large-scale production of chitin and chitosan.
    • In the first stage, chitin production is associated with food industries such
    as shrimp canning.
    • In the second stage, the production of chitosan is associated with
    fermentation processes.
    BIOLOGICAL SOURCES

    • It is a nitrogenus polysaccharide consiting of amino and acetyl group


    found in the exeskeleton of tarantula

    • It is a tough semi- transparent horny substance

    • t is the principal componenet of semi exeskeleton and the cell wall of


    certain fungi like mycelia\

    • It is found in crustacean like crabs, loster and shrimps


    BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS
    1. TISSUE ENGINEERING

    • “A biomedical engineering
    discipline that uses a
    combination of cells,
    engineering, materials methods,
    and suitable biochemical and
    physicochemical factors to
    restore, maintain, improve, or
    replace different types of
    biological tissues”.
    Examples of Tissue Engineering Project

    1. Developing Bio-artificial Liver device for ill patient

    2. Developing bio - artificial tubes for nerve repair

    3. Chitin-NWF (a chitin based biomaterials) is used for calves with flexure


    deformity of the fetlock joint to solve Tendon Deformation

    4. Chitin is used in the treatment of umbilical hernia


    2. Wound Healing/Wound Dressing

    • The healing of wound within a short time is desirable for every patient however,
    patients suffering from diabetes show an extremely slow rate of healing

    • A number of studies have reported the use of chitin scaffolds and membranes to
    treat patients with deep burns, wounds

    • found to possess excellentantibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli,


    combined with good blood clotting ability and could be used for wound healing
    applications.

    • Chitosan when used on 17 patient proved to be an easy dressing material to


    apply and maintain and was painless to remove.
    3. Artificial Skin

    • Individuals who have suffered extensive losses of skin, commonly fire


    induced, are actually ill and in danger of succumbing either to massive
    infection or to severe fluid loss

    • Kifune (1988) recently developed a new wound dressing material,


    Beschitin W, a commercial product that is composed of chitin non-woven
    fabric that has been found to be beneficial in clinical practice.

    • Kim and Min (1988) have developed a wound covering material from
    poly-electrolyte complexes of chitosan and sulfonated chitosan
    An image of Artifical Skin
    Biomaterial Application...
    4. Bone Damage

    • Bone consist of mainly hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] along with


    some other materials including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, keratin
    sulfate and lipids

    • The treatment of damage or broken bone is carried out by using


    biodegradable substitutes

    • This temporary skeleton support and stimulates bone tissue


    regeneration.
    Treated broken bone using Biomaterials
    CONCLUSION
    • Chitin and chitosan represent a great variety of properties due to high
    charge density, reactive hydroxyl and amino groups.

    • The combination of versatile physicochemical and biological


    characteristics, allow them to have a wide range of biomedical
    applications.

    • Tissue Engineering is the new world’s Project that uses Biomaterials in


    solving very complx medicl challemges that had no cure many years ago.

    • Biomaterials has made medical application very easy


    Reference(s)
    1. Yeul VS, Rayalu SS (2013): J Polym Environ 21(2):606–614
    2. Bhuiyan MR, Shaid A, Bashar MM, et,al (2013): Open J Org Polym Mater 3(4):87–91
    3. Dutta PK, Dutta J, Tripathi (2004): J Sci Ind Res 63(1):20–31 \
    4. Bashar MM, Khan MA (2013): J Polym Environ 21(1):181–190
    5. Chou CK, Chen SM, Li YC, et.al (2015): Springer Plus 4(1):1–7
    6. Kong M, Chen XG, Xing K, Park HJ (2010) Int J Food Microbiol 144(1):51–63
    7. Bhuiyan MR, Shaid A, Khan MA: (2014) Chem Mater Eng 2(4):96–100
    8. Aranaz I, Mengı´bar M, Harris R, et.al (2009): Curr Chem Biol 3(2):203–230
    9. Kurita K (2001) Programming Poly-materials Sci 26(9):1921–1971
    10. Kumar MNR (2000): React Functional Polymaterials 46(1):1–27
    11. Kim SK, Rajapakse N (2005): “ Carbohydrate Polymaterial 62(4):357–368
    12. Roberts GAF (1992): Chitin chemistry. Macmillan Press Ltd., London
    13. Mima S, Miya SM, Iwamoto R, Yoshikawa S (1983): J Application of Polymaterials. Sci 28:1909–1917
    Thank You All for Listening .....

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