2-1 Core Objects, Variables, Input, and Output

Core Objects, Variables, In-
put, and Output

Section 1
Chapter 2
Numbers
• Numbers are referred to as numeric lit-

erals
• Two Types of numbers: ints and floats
– Whole number written without a decimal
point called an int : 34, -34
– Number written with a decimal point called
a float : 23.45, 34.
Numbers
• Arithmetic Operators
– Addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(*),
division(/), and exponentiation(**).
• Result of a division is always a float
• Result of the other operations is a float if
…
– Either of the numbers is a float
– Otherwise is an int.
The print Function
• Used to display numbers on the monitor
– If n is a number, print(n) displays number n.
– The print function can display the result of
evaluated expressions
– A single print function can display several val-
ues: print(m, n, r, …)
Example 1: Program
demonstrates
operations
Variables
• In mathematics problems, quantities are
referred to by names
• Names given to the values are called
variables
Example 2: Program uses speed, time …
calculates distance
Variables
• Assignment statements
• Expression on right evaluated

– That value assigned to variable
Variables
• The art of programming is
– Getting the right values in the right variables at the right time
• Rules
– It may consist only of the letters a-z, the digits 0-9, the
underscore(_).
– It must start with a letter or underscore(_)
– Python only remembers the first 35 characters.
• Examples
– R2d2, pay_day, _2a
– Pay-day, 2a, name$
• Case sensitivity
– Balance, BALANCE, BaLance, balance
– camelCaps, milleniumBug, dayOfTheWeek
– Initial_value, x_average, interest_rate
Variables
• Names in Python are case-sensitive
• There are thirty-three words, called re-
served words (or keywords)
– Have special meanings in Python
– Cannot be used as variable names
– See Appendix B
The abs Function The int Function
The round Function

abs, int, and round Example
• Example 3: Program evaluates func-
tions, prints results
Augmented Assignments
• Remember: expression on right side of
assignment statement evaluated before
assignment is made
var = var + 1
• Python has special operator to accom-
plish same thing
var += 1
Augmented Assignments
• Example 4:
Program illustrates
different
augmented
assignment
operators.
Two Other Integer Operators
• Integer division operator
– Written //
• Modulus operator
– Written %
Two Other Integer Operators
• Example 5: converts 41 inches to 3 feet,
5 inches:
Parentheses, Order of Precedence
• Parentheses used to clarify meaning of

an expression
• Order of precedence
1. Terms inside parentheses (inner to outer)
2. Exponentiation
3. Multiplication, division (ordinary and inte-
ger), modulus
4. Addition and subtraction
Example: Bank interests
• $1000 has been deposited in your bank account with annual in-
terest rate of 9%. What is the total money you get after 1 year ?
• Rough structure plan
– Get the data (initial balance & interest rate) into python
– Calculate the interest (9% of $1000, i.e. $90)
– Add the interest to the balance ($90+$1000, i.e. $1090)
– Display the new balance
Example: Bank interests
• $1000 has been deposited in your bank account with annual in-
terest rate of 9%. What is the total money you get after 1 year ?
• Rough structure plan
– Get the data (initial balance & interest rate) into MATLAB
– Calculate the interest (9% of $1000, i.e. $90)
– Add the interest to the balance ($90+$1000, i.e. $1090)
– Display the new balance
• Program balance=1000
rate=0.09
interest= rate*balance
balance=balance+interest
print(balance)
Syntax Errors
• Grammatical and punctuation errors are
called syntax errors.
Table 2.1 Three Syntax Errors

Runtime Errors
• Errors discovered while program is run-
ning called runtime errors or exceptions
Table 2.2 Three Runtime Errors

Runtime Errors
• When Python encounters exception
– Terminates execution of program, displays
message
FIGURE 2.2 An Error Message for an Exception Error

Logic Error
• Occurs when a program does not per-
form the way it was intended
• Example
average = firstNum + secondNum / 2
• Syntax correct, logic wrong: should be
average = (firstNum + secondNum) / 2
• Logic errors are most difficult type of er-
ror to locate
Numeric Objects in Memory
• Consider this code:
• This is
what
happens:
FIGURE 2.3 Numeric objects in memory.

Homework ch2-1
• Solve the exercise.
– Use the Python program to solve it.
– Print screen the Editor (program) and Figure, and hard copy it.
– Submit it by next next class.
– 2-1 과제 : 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 24, 27, 28, 30, 34, 38, 49, 50, 51, 61, 63, 66,
67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77
– 과제 실습일 : 다음 수업시간 조교 2 명 .
– 제출 : icampus 탑재 .
Homework ch2-1_ 온라인용
– 실습시간 조교에게 질문 & 답변 (icampus 문의게시판 또는 email)
– 2-1 과제 : 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 24, 27, 28, 30, 34, 38, 49, 50, 51, 61, 63, 66,
67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77
Homework ch2-1
– 실습시간 조교에게 질문 & 답변
– 조교가 돌아다니며 질문 못하고 못 풀고 있는 학생 직접 지도
– 문제별 시간분배 : 4~51 20 분 , 61~67 20 분 , 70~77 30 분
– 2-1 과제 : 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 24, 27, 28, 30, 34, 38, 49, 50, 51, 61, 63, 66,
67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77

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Core Objects, Variables, In-

put, and Output

• Numbers are referred to as numeric lit-

• Expression on right evaluated

The round Function

• Parentheses used to clarify meaning of

Table 2.1 Three Syntax Errors

Table 2.2 Three Runtime Errors

FIGURE 2.2 An Error Message for an Exception Error

FIGURE 2.3 Numeric objects in memory.

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