Domestication of Farm Animals

DOMESTICATION OF FARM ANIMALS
Prepared by: Melito B. Cataylo, Jr.

CA Faculty
What is a Domestic Animal?
• What does domestication mean to you?
• How do you define it?
• Where do you think we would be today without
domesticated livestock?
• What differences would there be in our daily lives?
Different definitions:
• “A domestic animal is one which has been selectively bred
in captivity and thereby modified from its ancestors for
use by humans who control the animal’s breeding and
food supply”
- By this definition, animals are domesticated when they

are kept for clear purposes, their breeding is controlled,
survival depends on humans, and they have acquired traits
not found in the wild.
Continuation…
• Domesticate means to adapt the behavior of an animal to
fit the needs of people.
• In simple terms, it means to TAME.
History of Animal Domestication
Animal domestication began in the so-called Neolithic
Revolution around 10,000 years ago but may have begun
much earlier. It has been speculated that human beings
used fire to cook food.
- Began to cultivate plants and breed animals (birth of
Agriculture) to form a permanent settlements.
Archaeological evidence says:
• Domestication of animals was probably started in Goats
and Sheep throughout Asia by 8000 BCE. Goats were
domesticated by 7000 BCE, sheep by 6700 BCE, and
pigs by 6500 BCE.
• Animal domestication was widely practiced and

domesticated animals used in the workforce (such as in
plowing), as pets, and as a food source.
Horses were tamed by 4000 BCE and became an
important component in warfare in drawing the great
chariots.
Location and Estimated dates of Domestication of
Farm Animals
Goat
- First animal to be domesticated for food use
- Domesticated later around 7,000 B.C.
- Used for their meat, milk, and coat
Sheep
- Domesticated between 6,700 B.C. in Southwest Asia
- Used for their meat and milk, wool.
Swine (pig)
- Domesticated after sheep and goats
- Originated from wild boars in Eurasia and North Africa around
6,500 B.C.
- Mainly domesticated for meat source.
Cattle
- Originated in extinct race aurochs Bos primigenius
- Domesticated around 6,000-5,000 B.C.in India
- 2 major type of domesticated cattle:
1. Zebu (Bos indicus), the hump cattle from South asia
2. Taurine (Bos taurus) the humpless, European breed
- Used for their high meat and milk production, disease
resistance and heat tolerance
Horse
- Domesticated as early as 5,000 B.C. in Kazakhstan and
4,000 B.C. in the Eurasian Steppes, a stretch of land
between Hungary and Mongolia
- Used as transportation in Kazakhstan around 3,500-3,000
B.C.
- Horses have provided a means of transportation for
thousands of years, even beyond horseback riding, as
exemplified in the horse-drawn chariots of Mesopotamia in
2,000 B.C. Up until modern times, horses have played a
key role in warfare and have provided transportation to the
masses
- Horses were not considered before as “farm livestock”
Chicken
-domesticated around 3500 BC in Central Asia
-domesticated from jungle fowl of India
-considered as the most common domestic animal
-used for their meat and eggs.
Animals and their Economic Importance
1. Animals can feed on and convert plants and other
materials which would have otherwise gone to waste into a
rich human food.
Example: In processing rice grains into polished rice. The
by-product like rice bran cannot be eaten by human but can
be a palatable rich source of nutrients for animals.
Animal feed.
2. Animal products have chemical composition that
closely resemble man’s dietary requirement and therefore
more digestible and nutritious.
3. Animal food products will always be prime food item in

the human diet.
• high nutrient composition compared to plants
• distinctive flavor and aroma (meat, milk and eggs)
4. Other purposes of domestication:
• skin and hairs for clothing and shelter
• animal power for transport and traction
• Beauty and grace for amusement and companion.
Certain animal products and by products are also used for

non-food products such as:
• Glue from horns
• Fertilizer and feed from bones and offals
• Skins and leather products made from animal skins
Keratinized appendages:
Horns
Nails
Hairs
Hooves
Table 1. Important Livestock Animals and their Uses
Species Scientific name Main uses

Mammals Horse Equius caballos Traction, transportaion
and amusement
Camel Camelus Traction, transportaion

dromedarius and amusement
Cattle Bos Taurus / Bos Milk, meat, hide, traction

indicus and
transportaion
Buffalo Bubalus bubalis Milk, meat, hide, traction
and
transportaion
Sheep Ovis aries Milk, meat and hair
(wool)
Goat Capra hircus Milk and meat
Swine Sus scrofa Meat

Birds Chicken Gallus gallus Meat, eggs and
domesticus amusement
Duck (Mallard) Anas platyrhynchos Meat and eggs
Duck (Muscovy) Cairina moschata Meat and eggs
Goose Anser domesticus Meat and eggs
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Meat and eggs
Quail Coturnix coturnix Meat and eggs

Animal Agriculture and the Population Problem
The continued viability and progress of the animal
industry depends on how it is able to respond successfully
well to the changing conditions of the biological, physical
and socioeconomic and political environments.
With the ever-increasing human population and the
attendant contraction of load for agricultural products is
becoming more and more severe. To resolve this, the animal
industry did the following:
• They advance their knowledge related to animal science to

keep the industry responsive to any environmental changes.
• Development of more efficient and productive breeds and
varieties of animals through breeding.
• Cheaper and more nutritious feed materials for animal
feed and new drugs and feed additives.
• New systems of housing and management that more

economically improves the health and performance of
animals.
• Cheaper and more economical processing of animal

products.
Animal Industry of the Philippines
Through technological advances in animal science, the
animal industry in the Philippines has developed from a
basically backyard and self-subsistence production system.
As a result of this, these are the effects to the industry:
• Adoption of new production technologies and rapid growth

and industrialization.
• The Philippine animal industry has tended to depend
more and more on imported inputs:
• Feedstuffs, veterinary drugs and chemicals, equipment
and breeding stocks
Feedstuff
Breeding equipment
Vet. Drugs and

chemicals
The Philippine livestock industry is composed of:
 Carabao
 Cattle - carabao and cattle is 20% of total domestic meat
production
 Swine - provides 60% of total domestic meat production
 Chicken - provides 15% of total domestic meat production
Other species
 Goats
 Ducks
Swine and chicken – depends on commercially mixed feeds;
more intensive and commercially oriented which are mostly
located in urban areas.
Cattle, Carabao and goats – subsist mainly on grasses and
roughages and are raised
mainly by smallholder farmers in rural areas.
Livestock Industry
Cattle (Bos indicus, Bos taurus)
- predominantly backyard type (91% backyard vs.

9% commercial)
- majority of the cattle population is concentrated in
Luzon
(Pangasinan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Batangas,
Cebu and Bukidnon)
- More of beef type and few dairy types
- Population increase is at slow rate (4.2%
annually)
Carabao (Bubalus bubalis)
- raised in backyard farms (99.8% backyard vs

0.2% commercial)
- top producing regions are Cagayan Valley,
Southern Tagalog,
Bicol and Western Visayas
Swine (Sus scrofa)
- 79% are raised in backyard farms and 21% are raised

in
commercial farms.
- swine production has consistently been a major
contributor to the
total livestock output
Goat (Capra hircus)

- 99.6% are raised in backyard farms and only
0.4% in commercial
farms.
- there is increasing demand for chevon and goat
products
concentrated in Central Visayas, Southern
Mindanao and Ilocos
regions
Chicken (Gallus gallus)
- the major chicken producing regions are
Southern Luzon,
Central Luzon, Western Visayas, Central
Visayas, Northern Mindanao and Southern
Mindanao
- Southern Tagalog – the top broiler –
producing region (about
30% of total)
- Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, Central
Visayas and Southern
Mindanao – top layer – producing regions
(82%)
Status of Philippine Animal Industry

Domestication of Farm Animals

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Domestication of Farm Animals

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Domestication of Farm Animals

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DOMESTICATION OF FARM ANIMALS

Prepared by: Melito B. Cataylo, Jr.

- By this definition, animals are domesticated when they

• Animal domestication was widely practiced and

3. Animal food products will always be prime food item in

Certain animal products and by products are also used for

Species Scientific name Main uses

Camel Camelus Traction, transportaion

Cattle Bos Taurus / Bos Milk, meat, hide, traction

Goat Capra hircus Milk and meat

Swine Sus scrofa Meat

Duck (Mallard) Anas platyrhynchos Meat and eggs

Duck (Muscovy) Cairina moschata Meat and eggs

Goose Anser domesticus Meat and eggs

Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Meat and eggs

Quail Coturnix coturnix Meat and eggs

• They advance their knowledge related to animal science to

• New systems of housing and management that more

• Cheaper and more economical processing of animal

As a result of this, these are the effects to the industry:

• Adoption of new production technologies and rapid growth

Vet. Drugs and

- predominantly backyard type (91% backyard vs.

Carabao (Bubalus bubalis)

- raised in backyard farms (99.8% backyard vs

- 79% are raised in backyard farms and 21% are raised

Goat (Capra hircus)

You might also like