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    Drugs Acting On Central Nervous System

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    Vidhi Mehta
    Sedatives and hypnotics are central nervous system depressant drugs. Sedatives lower excitement and tension, producing relaxation at lower doses. Hypnotics depress the central nervous system and produce sleep at higher doses. Common classes of sedatives and hypnotics include barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol and its derivatives, aldehydes and their derivatives, and other miscellaneous compounds. They work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.

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    Drugs Acting On Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Vidhi Mehta
    51 views11 pages
    Sedatives and hypnotics are central nervous system depressant drugs. Sedatives lower excitement and tension, producing relaxation at lower doses. Hypnotics depress the central nervous system and produce sleep at higher doses. Common classes of sedatives and hypnotics include barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol and its derivatives, aldehydes and their derivatives, and other miscellaneous compounds. They work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.

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    Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

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    Sedatives and hypnotics are central nervous system depressant drugs. Sedatives lower excitement and tension, producing relaxation at lower doses. Hypnotics depress the central nervous system and produce sleep at higher doses. Common classes of sedatives and hypnotics include barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol and its derivatives, aldehydes and their derivatives, and other miscellaneous compounds. They work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views11 pages

    Drugs Acting On Central Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Vidhi Mehta
    Sedatives and hypnotics are central nervous system depressant drugs. Sedatives lower excitement and tension, producing relaxation at lower doses. Hypnotics depress the central nervous system and produce sleep at higher doses. Common classes of sedatives and hypnotics include barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol and its derivatives, aldehydes and their derivatives, and other miscellaneous compounds. They work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Drugs acting on Central

    Nervous System
    - SEDATIVE & HYPNOTICS
    -HIMANSHU N PANCHAL

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 1


    What is sedative & hypnotics?
    - Sedative- CNS depressants drug.
    - ↓ Ses the excitement, tension, produces
    relaxation.
    - Hypnotics- depresses the CNS- produces sleep.
    - Both sedative & hypnotics acts similarly but act
    differently at diff. Dose.
    - @ Lower dose- sedative; @ higher dose-
    hypnotics.

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 2


    Uses-
    - Used as a preanaesthetic medication
    & as an adjunctive therapy in
    psychiatry.
    • Antipsychiatrics
    • Antianxiety agents
    • To potentiate analgesic drugs
    • Anticonvulsants
    • Adjuvant to anaesthesia
    • Muscle relaxants
    • A co-drug in the treatment of
    • General anaesthetics
    • Preanaesthetic medication hypertension

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 3


    Mechanism of action

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 4


    Classification
    1). Barbiturates. - mephobarbital
    a). Long acting barbiturates-(6 or MT 6hr) O
    O
    - barbital O O NH
    N

    HN NH O
    b). Intermediate acting barbiturates (3-6hr)
    O
    -phenobarbital - Amobarbital

    O O O O

    HN NH N NH
    H3C
    O O

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 5


    b). Intermediate acting barbiturates (3-6hr) c). Short acting barbiturate (<3hr)
    - butabarbital- CH3 -secobarbital-
    O O O O
    HN NH HN NH

    O O
    c). Short acting barbiturate (<3hr) d). Ultra short acting barbiturates (15 min)
    - Pentobarbital - Thiopentone
    CH3 CH3

    O O O O

    HN NH
    HN NH
    S
    O

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 6


    2). Benzodiazepines - Oxazepam - Lorazepam
    - Chlordiazepoxide H O H O
    N N N
    N
    OH OH
    N Cl N
    Cl N Cl
    OH Cl

    - Diazepam O - Chlorazepate O
    a) Triazolo benzodiazepines
    N H N
    N O - Alprazolam N
    N
    Cl N
    Cl N OH
    Cl N

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 7


    - Zolpidem b). Alcohol & their carbamate c). Aldehyde & their derivatives
    N derivatives. - Paraldehyde

    N
    - Meprobomate O
    O O

    O
    O O
    H2N O O NH2
    N
    - Ethchlorvynol
    3). Miscelleneous
    a). Amides & imides HO

    - Glutethimide Cl
    c). Aldehyde & their derivatives
    - Triclofos O
    Cl P
    O OH
    O N O Cl OH
    Cl
    H
    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 8
    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 9
    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 10
    O O
    O O O

    H2N NH2 + HO OH
    HN NH

    malonic acid O
    urea
    barbituric acid

    i). C2H5ONa
    O O ii). 2 C2H5Br
    HN NH

    O
    5,5-diethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H)-trione O O

    HN NH

    सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः ॥ 11

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