BUSINESS ANALYSIS

Chapter 2:
The Business Analysis
Process Model

HCM – 8/4/23

08/04/2023 1
 Objectives

Be able to:
 Understand creative problem-solving
approach
 Explain the Business Analysis Process Model
 Understand Procedure, Inputs, Outputs and
Techniques in each phase of Business
Analysis Process Model

08/04/2023 Trang 2
 Agenda

 An approach to problem-solving
 Introduce
 Example
 The Business Analysis Process Model
 Investigate situation
 Consider perspectives
 Analyze needs
 Evaluate options
 Define requirements
 Delivering changes
08/04/2023 Trang 3
 An approach to problem-
solving

 Business analysts
 Examine the entire business area
 Take a thoughtful or even creative approach to
developing ideas for solutions.

 Creative problem-solving:
 Develop innovative ideas in order to respond to
changes in the business environment,
including actions from competitors
 Many people find this difficult because feel
under pressure to produce ideas quickly
08/04/2023 Trang 4
 An approach to problem-
solving
• Understand the complexity of the problem situation,
Mess finding document with a rich picture or mind map

• Analyse opinions, concerns, knowledge and ideas

Data finding identify where supporting data will help quantify this
information

• Using the work of the two previous stages uncover the

Problem finding heart of the problem

• Use creative problem solving techniques to generate a

Idea finding wide range of ideas e.g. brainstorming, assumption
reversal, random words or pictures

• Evaluate the ideas that could provide solutions to the

Solution finding problem(s)

• Is concerned with managing the

Acceptance finding • implementation of the solution

08/04/2023 Trang 5
 EXAMPLE: INVIVO
DIAGNOSTICS

 A $300M pharmaceutical company built

on the strength of a single product that
accounts for over 75% of revenues.
 In 18 months, the patent for this
product will expire.
 The CEO wants to explore ways to plug
the expected $100-$200M revenue gap
as revenues from this product decline.

08/04/2023 Trang 6
 Mess finding

 What problems or opportunities do we

face?
 Where is there a gap between the current
situation and the desired one?
 What are the stated and unstated goals?
 This stage is complete when we have:
 A description of the situation
 Identified (not gathered) key facts and data

08/04/2023 Trang 7
 Data finding

 What are the symptoms and causes?

 What measures of effectiveness seem
appropriate?
 What actions are available?
 This stage is complete when we have:
 Found and organized relevant data
 Made initial hypotheses about problem
causes and solutions

08/04/2023 Trang 8
 Problem finding

 Which is the most important problem?

 Is this problem like others we have
dealt with?
 What are the consequences of a broad
versus narrow problem statement?
 This stage is complete when we have
produced a working problem statement.

08/04/2023 Trang 9
 Idea finding

 What decisions are open to us?

 What solutions have been tried in
similar situations?
 How are the various candidate solutions
linked to outcomes of interest?
 This stage is complete when we have
produced a list of potential solutions.
 Perhaps also a list of advantages and
disadvantages

08/04/2023 Trang 10
 Solution finding

 How does this solution impact each of

the criteria?
 What factors within our control could
improve the outcomes?
 What factors outside our control could
alter the outcomes?
 This stage is complete when we have
produced a recommended course of
action along with justification.

08/04/2023 Trang 11
 Acceptance finding

 What are the barriers to successful

implementation?
 Where will there be support and
motivation, or resistance and conflict?
 Are the resources available for
successful implementation?
 This stage is complete when we have
produced an implementation plan and
begun execution.

08/04/2023 Trang 12
 Homework

 Get 1 real problem in your life and use

problem-solving approach to resolve it

08/04/2023 Trang 13
 The Business Analysis Process
Model

Business strategy and objectives

Investigate Consider Analyze Evaluate Define Delivering

situation perspectives needs options requirements changes

• Uncover • Analyze • Identify • Examine the • Gather and • Consider

potential
issues and stakeholde where improvements document how the
problems rs and improvem identified so far the requireme
their ents can developing detailed nts are to
some business
perspectiv be made options, requireme be
es on the to the evaluate them nts for delivered,
situation business for changes to the
acceptability
system by and feasibility the changes
doing a and produce a business implement
‘gap Business Case system ed and the
analysis’ business
benefits
realized

08/04/2023 Trang 14
 Investigate situation

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Investigation techniques
 Documenting business situations

08/04/2023 Trang 15
 Investigate situation -
Procedure

 Study background material: project

initiation document, terms of reference
 Carry out initial investigation with key
stakeholders
 Document the results of the
investigation

08/04/2023 Trang 16
 Investigate situation –
INPUT-OUTPUT

Input
• Terms of reference or project initiation
document
• Business objectives and strategy

Output
• View of the existing business situation
• List of issues/problems
• Business needs log

08/04/2023 Trang 17
 Investigation techniques

Quantitativ
Qualitative
e
Interviews Questionnaires

Observation Special purpose

records
Workshops
Activity sampling
Scenarios

Prototyping Document analysis

08/04/2023 Trang 18
 Documenting business
situations

Rich pictures

Mind maps

Business process models

Spaghetti maps

Fishbone diagrams
08/04/2023 Trang 19
 The Business Analysis Process
Model

• Uncover issues and problems

Investigate
situation

• Analyze stakeholders and their perspectives on

Consider
perspective
the situation
s

• Identify where improvements can be made to the

Analyze business system by doing a ‘gap analysis’
needs

08/04/2023 Trang 20
 Consider perspectives

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Stakeholder identification and analysis
 Stakeholder perspectives
 Business activity modelling

08/04/2023 Trang 21
 Investigate situation -
Procedure

 Identify key stakeholders

 Investigate the values, beliefs and
priorities of the key stakeholders.
 Develop and analyse the stakeholder
perspectives.
 Build conceptual models of activities.
 Explore and resolve conflicts between
stakeholder perspectives.
 Synthesise conceptual models into one
view of the desired business system.
08/04/2023 Trang 22
 Investigate situation –
INPUT-OUTPUT

Input
• Project initiation document
• Business objectives and strategy
• Identified stakeholders

Output
• Stakeholder perspectives
• Business activity models
• Agreed single business activity model

08/04/2023 Trang 23
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 24
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 25
 The Business Analysis Process
Model

• Analyze stakeholders and their perspectives on

Consider
perspective
the situation
s

• Identify where improvements can be made to the

Analyze business system by doing a ‘gap analysis’
needs

• Examine the potential improvements identified so far

developing some business options, evaluate them for
Evaluate acceptability and feasibility and produce a Business Case
options

08/04/2023 Trang 26
 Analyze Needs

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Analysing activities
 Analysing business processes

08/04/2023 Trang 27
 Analyze Needs - Procedure

 Examine the activities on the business activity

model.
 Consider how well each activity is carried out in
the current business system and how well it is
supported by the organisation’s information
systems.
 Identify the key business events to be handled
within the business system and develop ‘as is’
business process models
 Develop ‘to be’ business process models for the
key business events.
 Analyse the gaps between the existing and the
desired situation
08/04/2023 Trang 28
 Analyze Needs –
INPUT-OUTPUT

Input
• Agreed business activity model
• View of the existing business system
• Business objectives and strategy

Output
• Analysis of activities, including identified weaknesses
• As is’ and ‘to be’ business process models
• List of potential improvements to the business system

08/04/2023 Trang 29
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 30
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 31
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 32
 The Business Analysis Process
Model

• Identify where improvements can

Analyze
needs be made to the business system
by doing a ‘gap analysis’

• Examine the potential

improvements identified so far
Evaluate options
developing some business
options, evaluate them for
acceptability and feasibility and
produce a Business Case

Define requirements •Gather and document the detailed requirements for changes to the business system

08/04/2023 Trang 33
 Evaluate options

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Identifying potential options
 Assessing feasibility

08/04/2023 Trang 34
 Evaluate options - Procedure

 Identify a range of business options.

 Explore the acceptability of options and
reduce them to a shortlist.
 Develop and document each option in
detail. In particular, consider the
business, technical and financial
feasibility of each option.
 Develop a business case, including
presenting options and
recommendations to business managers.

08/04/2023 Trang 35
 Evaluate options –
INPUT-OUTPUT
O
u
t
p
u
t
• S
h
o
r
t
l
i
s
t

o
f

b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

o
p
t
i
o
n
s
• B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

c
a
s
e
,

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

o
p
t
i
o
n
s
,

f
e
a
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y

a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t

a
n
d

• r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s

08/04/2023 Trang 36
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 37
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 38
 The Business Analysis Process
Model
• Examine the potential
improvements identified so far
Evaluate options
developing some business
options, evaluate them for
acceptability and feasibility and
produce a Business Case

• Gather and document the

Define requirements detailed requirements for
changes to the business system

Delivering changes •Consider how the requirements are to be delivered, the changes implemented and the business benefits realized

08/04/2023 Trang 39
 Define requirements

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Requirements engineering
 Modelling IT systems

08/04/2023 Trang 40
 Define requirements -
Procedure

 Gather the requirements:

 Elicit and analyse the business requirements for
the new business system.
 Document and manage the requirements.
 Validate the documented requirements.
 Document the requirements for the new
business system
 business process models;
 catalogue of business requirements;
 models of the IT processing and data;
 glossary of terms.
08/04/2023 Trang 41
 Define requirements –
INPUT-OUTPUT
O
u
t
p
u
t
• ‘
T
o

b
e
’

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

m
o
d
e
l
s
• J
o
b

d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
s
• R
e
v
i
s
e
d

o
r
g
a
n
i
s
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
• V
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t

08/04/2023 Trang 42
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 43
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 44
 The Business Analysis Process
Model
• Examine the potential
improvements identified so far
Evaluate options
developing some business
options, evaluate them for
acceptability and feasibility and
produce a Business Case

• Gather and document the

Define requirements detailed requirements for
changes to the business system

Delivering changes •Consider how the requirements are to be delivered, the changes implemented and the business benefits realized

08/04/2023 Trang 45
 Delivering changes

 Procedure
 Inputs
 Outputs
 Techniques
 Delivering the requirements
 Implementing the business changes

08/04/2023 Trang 46
 Delivering changes - Procedure

 Decide the lifecycle and approach to be

adopted.
 Develop the business change solution.
 Plan the implementation:
 Consider the environment for the change
 Consider the culture of the organisation
 Define the learning approach and develop the
required learning materials
 Review the predicted benefits.
 Identify any actions required to realise the
benefits.
08/04/2023 Trang 47
 Delivering changes –
INPUT-OUTPUT
O
u
t
p
u
t
• B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

c
h
a
n
g
e

p
l
a
n
• C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n
• T
r
a
i
n
i
n
g

a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h

a
n
d

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
• R
e
v
i
s
e
d

j
o
b

r
o
l
e
s

a
n
d

d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
s
• P
o
s
t
-
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n

r
e
v
i
e
w

d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
• B
e
n
e
f
i
t
s

r
e
a
l
i
s
a
t
i
o
n

p
l
a
n

08/04/2023 Trang 48
 Techniques

08/04/2023 Trang 49
 Review Questions

1. Problem solving model has six stages. Four of these are

mess finding, data finding, solution finding and acceptance
finding. What are the other two stages?
2. What are the five key stages of the Business Analysis
Process Model?
3. In which stages of the Business Analysis Process Model are
the following produced?
 Cost/benefits analysis
 Business activity model
4. Are the terms of reference for a project an input or an
output of the first stage of the Business Analysis Process
Model?
5. Whose perspectives are considered in the “Consider
Perspectives” stage of the Business Analysis Process Model?
6. In which stage of the Business Analysis Process Model would
you conduct a gap analysis?
08/04/2023 Trang 50
BUSINESS ANALYSIS

08/04/2023 51
 For Next Week

 Read Chapter 5
 An approach to problem-solving
• Introduce
• Example
 The Business Analysis Process Model
• Investigate situation
• Consider perspectives
• Analyze needs
• Evaluate options
• Define requirements
• Delivering changes
08/04/2023 Trang 52