The document discusses neoplasia and the cell cycle. It explains that neoplasia is an abnormal mass of tissue growth that exceeds normal growth. It then describes the four phases of the cell cycle and factors that control progression through the phases like cyclins and CDKs. The document also discusses characteristics of tumors, differences between neoplasia and normal adaptation, as well as differences between benign and malignant tumors.
The document discusses neoplasia and the cell cycle. It explains that neoplasia is an abnormal mass of tissue growth that exceeds normal growth. It then describes the four phases of the cell cycle and factors that control progression through the phases like cyclins and CDKs. The document also discusses characteristics of tumors, differences between neoplasia and normal adaptation, as well as differences between benign and malignant tumors.
The document discusses neoplasia and the cell cycle. It explains that neoplasia is an abnormal mass of tissue growth that exceeds normal growth. It then describes the four phases of the cell cycle and factors that control progression through the phases like cyclins and CDKs. The document also discusses characteristics of tumors, differences between neoplasia and normal adaptation, as well as differences between benign and malignant tumors.
The document discusses neoplasia and the cell cycle. It explains that neoplasia is an abnormal mass of tissue growth that exceeds normal growth. It then describes the four phases of the cell cycle and factors that control progression through the phases like cyclins and CDKs. The document also discusses characteristics of tumors, differences between neoplasia and normal adaptation, as well as differences between benign and malignant tumors.
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Neoplasia
Dr. Madeeha Rehan
Consultant Hematologist Associate prof. Pathology Medical Educationist FUMC/FFH Neoplasm
Neoplasia- New growth
An abnormal mass of tissue in the growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues. CELL CYCLE The process of events involving cell growth and division is called the cell cycle It is divided into four phases: 1.G1: during which protein synthesis and cell growth takes place giving rise to two separate sets of chromosomes CELL CYCLE 2. S phase: the phase during which DNA
synthesis occurs 3.G2 phase: during which RNA and protein synthesis continues 4.M: the phase of cell mitosis or cell division. . CELL CYCLE G0 phase is a resting or quiescent phase in which nondividing cells reside. The entry into and progression through the various stages of the cell cycle are controlled by cyclins, CDKs, and CDK inhibitors Cell Proliferation Cell proliferation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. In normal tissue, cell proliferation is regulated so that the number of cells actively dividing is equivalent to the number dying or being CELL DIVISION & DIFERENTIATION
It is an adaptive process for new cell growth to
replace old cells or when additional cells are needed. Cell Differentiation describes the mechanism by which cells become increasingly more specialized with each mitotic division. CYCLINS The cyclins are a group of proteins that control the entry and progression of cells through the cell cycle. Cyclins bind to proteins called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate proteins Differences: neoplasia & normal adaptation • Unlike normal cellular adaptive processes neoplasms do not obey the laws of normal cell growth. • They serve no useful purpose • They do not occur in response to an appropriate stimulus • They continue to grow at the expense of the host CHARACTERISTICS OF TUMORS • Cell characteristics • Rate of growth • Manner of growth • Capacity to invade and metastasize to other parts of the body • Potential for causing death BENIGN TUMORS Well-differentiated Cells that are clustered together in a single mass These tumors usually do not cause death Example: adenoma, papillomas & osteoma Malignant tumors Less well differentiated Have the ability to break loose, enter the circulatory or lymphatic system, and form secondary malignant tumors at other sites. Example: adenocarcinoma & sarcomas BENIGN MALIGNANT DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN Resemble tissue of origin and are well Less well differentiated or completely differentiated undifferentiated (anaplastic)
Slow growing Fast growing
Circumscribed and have a capsule Poorly circumscribed and invade into
surrounding tissue
Remain localized at the site of origin Metastasize to distant sites
