SKYWORTH

Since 1988 Worldwide & 2011 Philippines

FUNDAMENTALS OF TV
 Who Invented Television?
Philo Taylor Farnsworth II,, American inventor who developed
the first all-electronic television system. Farnsworth was a
technical prodigy from an early age. An avid reader
of science magazines as a teenager, he became interested in the
problem of television and was convinced that mechanical
systems that used, for example, a spinning disc would be too
slow to scan and assemble images many times a second. Only
an electronic system could scan and assemble an image fast
enough, and by 1922 he had worked out the basic outlines of
Philo Farnsworth electronic television.
American Investor
(born August 19, 1906, Beaver, Utah, U.S.
—died March 11, 1971, Salt Lake City, Utah)
COURSE
OVERVIEW
I. Television Terminologies
II. Types of TV
A. According to Display Technology
B. According to Resolution
C. According to Function
D. According to Signal Processor
E. According to Backlight Arrangement
III. Types of Panel
IV. Terminals
V. Applicable Readable File Format
I. Television Terminologies
 Pixel
The smallest element
or the basic unit that
builds up an image in
the screen. It is
derived from the two
e.g. magnified words “Picture” and
image to illustrate
pixel. “Element”. It can
sometimes refer as
“dots” or “pel”.
 Resolutio
n to the total
Refers
number of pixels in
an image. It is
expressed in two set
of numbers which
are the width and
height.

e.g. illustration of resolution in HD and 4K

 Hertz
One Hertz equals
one cycle per
second. In the video,
Hertz is used to
describe a frame
rate in frames per
second

Frequenc
y to the speed
Refers
of transition of one
frame to another.
e.g. comparison of frame rates
 Response
- Time
The amount of time
it takes for one pixel
to go from active
(black) to inactive
(white) and back to
black again.
- Lower response
time, the clearer the
image

e.g. comparison of response time

Viewing
Angle
Refers to the maximum
angle at which a
display can be viewed
with an acceptable
visual performance.
The higher the viewing
angle means the more
clarity can be viewed
even watching on the
side of the TV. It can be
measured horizontally
or vertically.
Viewing
Distance
The suggested distance
of a viewer from the
TV to appreciate the
clarity of the graphics
being played in the
screen. Viewing at a
nearer distance might
result to noticing the
pixels.
Aspect Ratio
Is the proportional
relationship between
the width of
a display and its
height.

The aspect ratio is

expressed as two
numbers separated by
a colon (x:y).
 MPEG Noise Reductio

Improves the
quality of pictures
by reducing block
noise and
mosquito noise
without
compromising the
picture resolution.

Without MPEG Noise Reduction With MPEG Noise Reduction

Digital Noise Reductio

The process of
removing noise from
a signal which uses a
digital filtering
algorithm on the
digital image data to
reduce the amount of
random noise (like film
grain, electronic noise
of the telexing, comb
filter artifacts in
composite video
sources, film speckles,
dirt, scratches etc.)
Auto-Volume Leveler

The feature that is

used for Channel
Sounds
Stabilization. The
listener gets
moderate instead of
sudden volume
increases when
switching broadcast
channels or when
commercials come
on.
II. Types of Television
A. According to display technology
CRT-Cathode Ray
Tube
- A term which stands
for Cathode Ray
Tube. A type of TV
that uses a vacuum
tube and a
fluorescent lamp to
produce images.
- This is already an
obsolete or
outdated type of TV.
PDP-Plasma Display
Panel
- It uses ionized
gasses between two
panels of glass to
produce images
- This is already an
obsolete or
outdated type of TV.
LCD- Liquid Crystal
Display
It filters the light coming
from its backlight to
produce an image. The
filter is called the
“shutter-filter” and this
produces a “sub-pixel”.
These “sub-pixels” blend
together to produce
pixels. The shade of color
is controlled by changing
the relative intensity of
the light passing through
the sub-pixels.
- First Generation
LCD TVs have backlight called CCFL ( Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. )
- Advantages of LCD TVs over CRTs and PDPs:
1st Lower Power Consumption
2nd Slimmer and Lighter
LED- Light Emitting
Diode
It is the 2nd generation
LCD TVs but marketed
as “LED TV” due to its
LED backlight. It also
uses LCD panel and the
same technology to
produce images.
Advantages of LED TVs from LCD TVs:
1st Slimmer Design – This is due to its backlight.
2nd Lower Power Consumption - This is due to its backlight.
3rd Better Picture Quality- Dimming can be controlled thus giving an advantage in watching dark scenes.
Brightness can also be controlled since LED backlights are easier to control.
4th Longer Lifespan of Backlight – LED lights to have a lifespan of
100,000-120,000 hours compare to the 50,000-60,000 hours for CCFL.
OLED-Organic Emitting Diode

Unlike a typical LED TV,

OLED does not need a
backlight. It uses a thin
film that is made up of
organic material which
is carbon. This organic
film has the capability
to produce light when
electricity is supplied. OLED film
II. Types of Television
B. According to Resolution
Types of Scanning Method

Interlaced scans transmits the frame as odd In a progressive scan, the entire frame is
(1,3,5 …) and even (2,4,6 …) numbered lines. transmitted at once. All the lines in frame are
drawn at once to fill the screen.
SD - Standard Definition. It’s resolution is 720 × 480 pixels (width x
height) and aspect ratio of 4:3. This resolution is applicable for TVs
with the size of 14”- 24”. It is commonly called as 480p TVs.
- This is an obsolete resolution for CRT TVs.

HD - High Definition. It’s resolution is 1280×720 pixels (width x height)

and aspect ratio of 16:9. This resolution can only be appreciated for
TVs with the size of 24”- 32”. It is commonly called as 720p TVs.

e.g. Official logo of an e.g. Official logo of

HD ready TV an HD TV
FHD - Full High Definition. It’s resolution is 1920×1080 pixels (width x
height) and aspect ratio of 16:9. This resolution can only be
appreciated for TVs with the size of 40”- 43”. It is commonly called
as 1080p TVs.

e.g. Official logos of an FHD TV

4K - Ultra High Definition. It’s resolution is 3840× 2160 pixels (width x
height) and aspect ratio of up to 16:9. Its equivalent resolution is 8.3
UHD MP and 4X the resolution of FHD. This resolution is best appreciated for
TVs with the size of 50” and above. It is commonly called as 4k TVs.

Official Skyworth Official TCL Official Samsung Official Sony Official LG

UHD logo UHD logo UHD logo UHD logo UHD logo
8K
UHD
The higher version of Ultra High
Definition. Its resolution is 7680 x
4320 (width x height) and aspect ratio
of up to 16:9. Its equivalent resolution
is 33.2 MP and 4X the resolution of
UHD and 16X of FHD. This resolution is
best appreciated for TVs with the size
of 85” and above. It is commonly
called 8K TVs.
II. Types of Television
C. According to function
 BASIC TV

 A type of TV commonly use for watching

TV broadcast program
 It can play sounds, music videos, and
movies via use of USB.
 Commonly, the resolution for this type is
HD ready to FHD
 For the size, it ranges from 24-43”.
 Interfaces includes USB, VGA, HDMI, MHL,
earphone, RF, RGB, composite and audio
jacks.

Skyworth Series: 24WX1050

 SMART TV

 Has the functions of a Basic TV.

 Has the capability to surf the internet
Opera TV Store (Online Application Store) Netrange TV Store (Online Application Store)
 Interfaces include USB ( USB 2.0 and USB 3.0),
MHL Cable, VGA, HDMI, earphone, SPDIF,
channel connector, RGB, composite audio jacks,
and additional LAN IN connection.
 For the size, Smart TVs started
from 32” and above.
 Resolution started from HD to UHD.
 Uses wireless connection
called the WiFi.

Skyworth Series: STC3200, STC3210

 ANDROID TV

 Has the functions and features of a SMART TV

 Aside from using software, android TV uses
Android OS for its system.
 It has a built-in memory that allows the user to
install applications that can be used even on
offline mode.
 Android TVs are not virus-prone as opposed to
popular belief. Android TVs can only read APK
applications.

Skyworth Series:
STD5500, STD5600, SUD6600, SUD6200, SUD7500,
SUD6000, SUD6100, SUD7100, SUD8500, XA9000,
 SMART TV ANDROID TV

 Has the functions of a Basic TV.

 Has the functions and features of a SMART TV
 Has the capability to surf the internet
 Aside from using software, android TV uses
 Interfaces include USB ( USB 2.0 and USB 3.0), Android OS for its system.
MHL Cable, VGA, HDMI, earphone, SPDIF,  It has a built-in memory that allows the user to
channel connector, RGB, composite audio jacks, install applications that can be used even on
and additional LAN IN connection. offline mode.
 For the size, Smart TVs started  Android TVs are not virus-prone as opposed to
from 32” and above. popular belief. Android TVs can only read APK
 Resolution started from HD to UHD. applications.
 Uses wireless connection
called the WiFi.
II. Types of Television
D. According to Signal Processor
 Analog TV Digital TV
 It can be Basic, Smart or Android TV.  It can be Basic, Smart or Android TV.

 It has 3 types: PAL, SECAM and NTSC.  It has 3 types: DVB, ATSC and ISDB-T.

 NTSC is what the Philippines using.  ISDB-T is what the Philippines using.
Unlike the other format, NTSC channel
programming system is actual and doesn’t  The highest resolution that it can support is
need rechanneling. FHD.
 The highest resolution that it can support is SD.  The medium of receiving the signal is “T” which
stands for “terrestrial” using an antenna .
 The medium of receiving the signal is “T”  It has an additionall feature called the PVR
which stands for “terrestrial” using an and EWBS.
antenna .
 Analog TV Digital TV

Analog TV has only 1 port for RF which is for Digital TV has 2 ports for RF which is for
Regular Antenna Regular Antenna and Cable.
 PVR

 PVR stands for Personal Video Recorder.

A good feature of the ISDB-T Digital TV
that allows the user to record the
program with the help of a USB

 PVR can only be used if the available

signal in the area is digital.

 Recording can be done whether the TV is

on or off(standby mode) however the
time should be set before turning off the
TV.
 EWBS

 EWBS stands for Emergency Warning

Broadcast System. A system wherein the
government has an access to a certain
area to give an advisory like calamities
including typhoon, earthquake, tsunami
and the like.

 As of the moment, the standard of EWBS

is still not yet finalized. So the strict
implementation can be expected in the
near future.
II. Types of Television
E. According to backlight arrangement
Direct Backlight
 Direct/full-
array backlighting means that
there are LEDs placed all over
behind a TV's LCD panel.
 Physically, it’s thicker than an
ELED TV. Thickness is due to
the presence of a backlight.
 Have an enhanced
performance on the dark
scenes due to the better
control of the backlight.
 Graphics are brighter due to its
better control of the backlight.
 Higher power consumption.
Edge – Lit Backlight
 Edge-lit TVs only have LEDs
along the sides of the
screen (usually two
opposing sides), and these
LEDs are responsible for
lighting the entire screen. 
 Physically, it’s thinner than
a DLED TV. Lights are
placed on the edge of the
frame.
 Can still produce good
quality of light due to its
“diffuser” that scatters the
light all over.
 Lower power
consumption.
III. Types of Panel
 Vertical In-Plane
Alignment
 This is commonly known 
Switching
This is commonly known as
 as the soft panel. the hard panel.
 Obvious watermarks can be  No or slight watermarks can
seen when you touch or tap be seen when you touch or
the panel. tap the panel.
 Have a wide viewing angle of  Have a wide viewing angle
up to 170⁰ of up to 178⁰
 Best on colored images.  Best on dark images.
 Common sizes are 14,19, 24  Common sizes are 32,43, 50
& 40. & 55.
IV. Terminals
 USB- Universal Serial
Bus
File Formats that can be read by Skyworth TV:
Movies / Videos: Music: Photos:
.mp4 .mov .mp3 .mp4 .jpeg .png
.mpg .mkv .mpg .wam .jpg .dcm
.wav .avi .wav .rm .ping .bmp
.tp .wmv .zif .mng
.3gp

Documents: Apps:
.txt .apk

USB2.0 USB3.0
USB port where in you can plug your USB drive to watch movies and videos, play music, view photos
as well as read documents in .txt format.
 HDMI- High Definition
Multimedia Interface

It is the first and only industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface.

By delivering crystal-clear, all-digital audio and video via a single cable, HDMI dramatically
simplifies cabling and helps provide consumers with the highest-quality home theater experience.
 Composite Video

A composite video cable — also known as an RCA or “yellow plug” cable — is an old standard that

transfers a video signal through one cable and connector. It doesn't support HD content or
progressive scan images.
An analog video transmission (no audio) that carries standard definition video typically
at 480i or 576i resolution.
 Component Video

By splitting the signal into three separate cables by delivering color and luminance
through their own individual channels. A component cable delivers a great picture with a
minimum of interference.
 S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface
Format)

Is a type of digital audio interconnect cable used in consumer audio equipment to output

audio over reasonably short distances.
The signal is transmitted over either a coaxial cable with RCA connectors or a fiber optic
cable with TOSLINK connectors.
 Earphone or 3.5mm
Jack

It is also termed a Phone Connector (Audio), audio jack, phone jack, phone plug, and jack plug.
Specific models are termed stereo plug, mini-stereo, mini jack, headphone jack, microphone jack, tiny telephone
connector, bantam plug.
It is cylindrical in shape, typically with two, three or four contacts.
Three-contact versions are known as TRS connectors, where T stands for "tip", R stands for "ring" and S stands
for "sleeve".
 RF in (Radio
Frequency)

Connect a coaxial cable to receive a signal from the antenna or cable. The global TV
system in the Philippines is NTSC.
Commonly known as Radio Frequency
Abbreviation Meaning Description

USB Universal Serial Bus an industry standard that establishes specifications for cables,
connectors and protocols for connection, communication and power
supply between computers, peripherals and other computers.

MEMC Motion Estimation, artificially adding frames to a video with a low frame rate so that it
Motion Compensation has a higher frame rate and gives it that smooth effect.

VGA Video Graphics Array a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics
standard
CCFL Cold Cathode Lights that used in LCD Backlight.
Fluorescent Lighting

LAN Local area network  a series of computers linked together to form a network in a
circumscribed location

RCA Radio Corporation of  a type of electrical connector commonly used to carry audio and
America video signals. 
WIFI Wireless Fidelity a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide
wireless high-speed Internet access.
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU