Squares and Square Roots

Squares and Square Roots
Syllabus
• Square of a number, perfect squares, facts about perfect squares, triangular
numbers and number of non square numbers between two consecutive square
numbers
• Pythagorean Triplets
• Finding square root of a number by the
• repeated subtraction method
• prime factorization method
• Using long division method, finding square roots of–
• (i) Integers which are perfect squares.
• (ii) Decimals which are perfect squares.
• Finding square roots of numbers which are not perfect squares by the division
method up to three decimal places.
• Square root of of non perfect square numbers by estimation.
Learning Objectives
The students will learn :
• To Define square of a number, Perfect square number
• To Identify perfect squares by prime factorisation
• The concept of square root of numbers.
• To Differentiate between square and square root of numbers.
• Facts about perfect squares.
• Know about triangular numbers, Pythagorean triplets
• To Find Pythagorean triplet when one number is given.
• To Find square root of a number using repeated subtraction method, prime
factorisation method, long division method and estimation method
• To Find square roots of rational numbers, decimal numbers upto and correct
to three decimal places.
• Use the concept of squares and square roots in daily life situations.
Square of a number
Square of a number is product of
number multiplied by itself.
1x1 =1
2x2 = 4
3x3 = 9
4x4 = 16
Square of a number
Square of a number is product of
number multiplied by itself.
Square of a number- Number Grid Shading
activity
Importance of Squares
• In an Examination room 25 students are to be seated such that no. of rows

are equal to no. of students in one row.
• In a box 16 ball are to be packed such that no .of balls in each row is equal
to total no. of rows.
Perfect Squares
Perfect Squares Definition:
The square numbers of
natural numbers are called
as perfect square numbers.
Example: Non Example:

64= 8 x 8 65 = 13 x 5
144 = 12 x 12 132 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 11
Playing with square slips
Is the given number a perfect square?
Properties of Perfect Squares
● Property 1
Numbers ending with 2, 3, 7, 8 are never perfect squares.
● Property 2
Squares of odd numbers are always odd
● Property 3
Squares of even numbers are always even
● Property 4:
Numbers ending in odd number of zeros is never a perfect square.
However, this does not mean that numbers ending with even number of
zeros are always perfect squares.
Example : 500 has even number of zeroes and it is not a perfect square
● Numbers ending in odd number of zeros is never a perfect square.
However, this does not mean that numbers ending with even
number of zeros are always perfect squares.
Example
Property 3:
Properties of Perfect Squares
● Property 5
The square of a number other than 0 and 1, is either multiple of 4 or exceeds the multiple of 4 by
1
Example:
•6 = 36
2
•82 = 64
•72 = 49 (48 + 1)
•92 = 81 (80 + 1)
● Property 6
The square of a number other than 0 and 1, is either multiple of 3 or exceeds the multiple of
3 by 1. Example:
32 = 9
122 = 144
42 = 16 (15 + 1)
132 = 169 (168 + 1)
Properties of Perfect squares
Property 7
•The square of a natural number n is equal to the sum of the first n odd natural numbers
Example:
12 = 1
22 = 1 + 3
32 = 1 + 3 + 5
42 = 1 + 3+5+7
Property 8
Difference between the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is equal to their sum
Example:
42 – 32 = 16 – 9 = 7 = 4 + 3
Property 9
There are 2n Non Perfect Square numbers are between the squares of the numbers n and n+1
Triangular Numbers
Numbers whose dot patterns can be arranged as triangles are called

Triangular Numbers.
1,3,6,10… are triangular numbers.
Pythagorean Triplets
This is the photograph of famous Mathematician, Pythagoras.
He gave a famous theorem in a right triangle.
The theorem is known as Pythagoras Theorem.
In a right triangle the square of hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares
of other two sides.
What is a Pythagorean Triplet?
A Pythagorean triplet is a set of

three positive integers a,b,c such
that they make two sides and a
hypotenuse of a right triangle.
If c is hypotenuse then a2 + b2 = c2
Hypotenuse is the longest side.
Interesting fact about Pythagorean triplet
For any natural number m > 1, we have
(2m)2 + (m2 – 1)2 = (m2 + 1)2.
So, 2m, m2 – 1 and m2 + 1 forms a Pythagorean triplet where 2m is the
smallest even number.
● Example: 2m=4
m=2
m2 – 1= 4 – 1 =3
And m2 + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5
Thus, (3, 4, 5) is a Pythagorean Triplet
WS1
Examples and worksheet will be discussed in the class.
Square Root
As the inverse operation of addition is subtraction and the inverse operation of
multiplication is division. Similarly, finding the square root is the inverse
operation of squaring.
Square root of a number is denoted by a symbol √
The square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the
number.
Example- Positive Square root of 16 is 4
Methods of finding square root of a numbers
• Repeated Subtraction method
• Prime factorisation method
• Long division method
• Estimation method
Square root by Repeated Subtraction
WS2
After explaining the concept worksheet 2 will be discussed in the class
WS 3
WS 3
WS 3
WS 3
Finding the Square root by long division method
The topic will be discussed with the help of video . the link is as follows:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7Vgk9D8xMo
Steps for finding the square root
Step I: Group the digits in pairs, starting with the digit in the units place. Each pair and the remaining
digit (if any) is called a period.
Step II: Think of the largest number whose square is equal to or just less than the first period. Take this
number as the divisor and also as the quotient.
Step III: Subtract the product of the divisor and the quotient from the first period and bring down the
next period to the right of the remainder. This becomes the new dividend.
Steps for finding the square root
Step IV: Now, the new divisor is obtained by taking two times the quotient and
annexing with it a suitable digit which is also taken as the next digit of the
quotient, chosen in such a way that the product of the new divisor and this digit
is equal to or just less than the new dividend.
Step V: Repeat steps (2), (3) and (4) till all the periods have been taken up.
Now, the quotient so obtained is the required square root of the given number.
WS4
After explaining the concept of worksheet 4 will be discussed in the class
Finding the square root of rational numbers and
decimal numbers
PROPERTY
❖ If a and b are perfect square (b not equal to 0) then √ ab =√a√b,√a/b=√a/√b
The topic will be discussed with the help of examples
The example is as follows:

Finding Approximate value of square root by
long division method.
1. Up to a given number of decimal place

2. Correct up to a given number of decimal
place.
Example : Find the square root of 3 up to
1) 3 places of decimal.
3) 1place of decimal.
Example : Find the square root of 7 correct up
to one place of decimal.
Example : Find the square root of 3 correct up to 2
places of decimal.
3 = 3. 00 00 00
1.732
1 3. 00 00 00
1
27 200
7 -189
343 1100
3 -1029
3462 7100
2 - 6924
176
Example : Find the square root of 11/5 correct up to
2) 1 place of decimal.
11/5 = 2.2 = 2. 20 00 00
1.483
• 1 2. 20 00 00
• -1
• 24 120
• 4 - 96
• 288 2400
• 8 -2304
• 2963 9600
• 3 - 8889
• 711
Example : Find the square root of 10/3 correct
up to 2 places of decimal.
10/3 = 3.333333333……. = 3. 33 33 33
1.825
• 1 3. 33 33 33
• -1
• 28 233
• 8 - 224
• 362 933
• 2 - 724
• 3645 20933
• 5 -18225
• 2708
Square Root Of Non Perfect
Squares By Estimation
Example: To estimate square root of 20.
Step 1. Find the perfect squares nearest to 20
16< 20 <25 or 42 < 20 < 52
THIS shows
that the answer is between 4 and 5.
STEP 2. We calculate 4.52
4.52 = 20.25
Thus 42 < 20 < 4.52
STEP 3. we calculate squares of 4.3,4.4,4.2 etc to

get one value more than 20 and one value less
than 20.
4.42 = 19.36 and 4.52 = 20.25
STEP 4. We find which number out of
19.36 and 20.25 is closer to 20.
Since 20.25 is closer to 20 than 19.36
Thus √20 = 4.5 approximately.
Brain teasers, HOTS, Enrichment Questions
Write the Pythagorean triplet if one number is 14.
Pythagorean triplet is of the form 2m, m²-1 and m²+1
Let 2m=14 => m=7
Now, m²-1=7²-1
=49-1=48
m²+1=7²+1
=49+1=50
So,the Pythagorean triplet is (14,48 and 50)

Squares and Square Roots

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Squares and Square Roots

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Squares and Square Roots

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Squares and Square Roots

• In an Examination room 25 students are to be seated such that no. of rows

Example: Non Example:

Numbers whose dot patterns can be arranged as triangles are called

A Pythagorean triplet is a set of

❖ If a and b are perfect square (b not equal to 0) then √ ab =√a√b,√a/b=√a/√b

The topic will be discussed with the help of examples

The example is as follows:

1. Up to a given number of decimal place

STEP 3. we calculate squares of 4.3,4.4,4.2 etc to

Pythagorean triplet is of the form 2m, m²-1 and m²+1

Let 2m=14 => m=7

So,the Pythagorean triplet is (14,48 and 50)

You might also like