Chapter 7-8 - Drilling Bits Cost
Chapter 7-8 - Drilling Bits Cost
Chapter 7-8 - Drilling Bits Cost
EE047-4-2-DRE / VE1
• The roller-cone bit has conical cutters or cones that have spiked
teeth round them.
• As the drillstring is rotated, the bit cones roll along the bottom of the
hole in a circle.
• As they roll, new teeth come in contact with the bottom of the hole,
crushing the rock immediately below and around the bit tooth.
• As the cone rolls, the tooth then lifts off the bottom of the hole and a
high velocity fluid jet strikes the crushed rock chips to remove them
from the bottom of the hole and up the annulus.
• There are two main types of roller-cone bits, steel milled-tooth bits
and carbide insert bits.
Jets nozzles
Jet nozzles
• The first digit represents the hardness of rock formation the drilling tool
buttons are suited for.
• Every drill bit is designed for a certain type of rock formation, ranked
according to hardness.
Gauge Protection
Gauge Protected
Sealed Friction
IADC BIT CLASSIFICATION FORM
Roller Bearing
Roller Bearing
Roller Bearing
Sealled Roller
Directional
Air Cooled
Standard
Bearing
Bearing
Other
SERIES
TYPES
FORMATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
1 compressive strenght and high
3
drillability 4
1
Medium to med-hard formations 2
2
with high compressive strenght 3
4
1
Hard semi-abrassive and abrassive 2
3
formations 3
4
Soft formations with low 1
2
4 compressive strenght and high
3
drillability 4
1
Soft formations with low 2
5
compressive strenght 3
4
Insert Bits
1
Medium hard formations with high 2
6
compressive strenght 3
4
1
Hard semi-abrasive and abrassive 2
7
formations 3
4
1
Extremely hard and abrasive 2
8
formations 3
4
EE047-4-2-Drilling Engineering Ch7-8-Drilling Bits and Cost Slide 22
FEATURE (2)
CO DE FEATURE CO DE FEATURE
A Air application N
B O
C Center jet P
D Deviation control O
E Extended jets R Reinforced welds
F S Standard steel teeth
G Extra gauge/body protection T
H U
I V
J Jet deflection W
K X Chisel insert
L Y Conical insert
M Z Other insert
EE047-4-2-Drilling Engineering Ch7-8-Drilling Bits and Cost Slide 23
IADC Code of Roller-Cone Bits
Code: 5 2 2 R
1. bladed/changeable jets
2. bladed/fixed ports
3. bladed/open throat
4. ribbed/changeable jets
5. ribbed/fixed ports
6. ribbed/open throat
7. open face/changeable jets
8. open face/fixed ports
9. open face/open throat
10. alternative codes
a. radial flow
b. cross flow
c. other
Example
Code: M 5 8 2
M = code for "polycrystalline diamond cutters/matrix
body“
5 = code for "medium taper/medium cone“
8 = code for "fixed ports/open face“
2= code for "medium cutter size/light cutter density"
Two rock failure models are recognized: the tension and shear
It has been argued that the shear type action is more efficient
than the tension model.
Comparison must be made between Or, between bits used to drill same
succeeding bits in a given well. formations at different wells.
• Drillability
– A measure of how easy is to drill.
– Inversely related to the compressive strength of the rock
• Abrasiveness
– A measure of how rapidly the teeth of a milled tooth bit will wear
when drilling the formation.
– The abrasiveness tends to increase as the drillability decreases.
1-1 Soft formations having low compressive strength and high drillability
1-2
5-1 (soft shales, clays, red beds, salt, soft limestone, unconsolidated formations,
6-2 etc.)
i.e.
– Premium RCB features and high-cost diamond and PCD
drag bits tend to be more applicable when CRig/dayis high.
– Tri-cone RCB are the most versatile bit type available
and are a good initial choice for the shallow portion of the
well.
Teeth
Bearings
Gauge
New T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
– The best way to obtain the tooth wear is to measure the tooth height
before and after the bit run. With experience, more rapid visual
estimates are usually satisfactory.
– There are times when T3 will not drill, but this does not mean it
should be reported as T8. Ch7-8-Drilling Bits and Cost
EE047-4-2-Drilling Engineering Slide 50
Grading Dull Bits
– Thus, an insert bit with half the inserts broken or lost would
be graded a T4
The bits have a life expectancy in hours, given the hardness of the
rock material that they go through.
When a rotary bit or button bit wears out, it will “drop a cone”, a piece
of hardened metal that is part of the spinning head. Drillers avoid that
by “tripping” after the bit starts to become dull and the drilling rate
decreases.
respectively. 0
0 15
0
f
20
Trip T=(5.2+5.7)/2=5.45 hr t
TRIP TIME (hours)
35.71
TCFSteel $
ft
29.11
TCFInsert $
ft
EE047-4-2-Drilling Engineering Ch7-8-Drilling Bits and Cost Slide 71
QUICK REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q&A