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    Low Temp Coal Oxidation Sept 2013

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    PanKaj
    The document summarizes research on the low-temperature oxidation of coal. It covers the variables that affect the oxidation process, experimental methods used to study oxygen consumption and products, and kinetic modeling of the reaction. The oxidation occurs in multiple stages and is influenced by factors like temperature, particle size, and moisture content. Future research opportunities are identified, such as better understanding the roles of moisture and specific reaction steps in the chemisorption process.

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    Low Temp Coal Oxidation Sept 2013

    Uploaded by

    PanKaj
    10 views14 pages
    The document summarizes research on the low-temperature oxidation of coal. It covers the variables that affect the oxidation process, experimental methods used to study oxygen consumption and products, and kinetic modeling of the reaction. The oxidation occurs in multiple stages and is influenced by factors like temperature, particle size, and moisture content. Future research opportunities are identified, such as better understanding the roles of moisture and specific reaction steps in the chemisorption process.

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    The document summarizes research on the low-temperature oxidation of coal. It covers the variables that affect the oxidation process, experimental methods used to study oxygen consumption and products, and kinetic modeling of the reaction. The oxidation occurs in multiple stages and is influenced by factors like temperature, particle size, and moisture content. Future research opportunities are identified, such as better understanding the roles of moisture and specific reaction steps in the chemisorption process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views14 pages

    Low Temp Coal Oxidation Sept 2013

    Uploaded by

    PanKaj
    The document summarizes research on the low-temperature oxidation of coal. It covers the variables that affect the oxidation process, experimental methods used to study oxygen consumption and products, and kinetic modeling of the reaction. The oxidation occurs in multiple stages and is influenced by factors like temperature, particle size, and moisture content. Future research opportunities are identified, such as better understanding the roles of moisture and specific reaction steps in the chemisorption process.

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    Coal oxidation at low temperatures: oxygen

    consumption,
    oxidation products, reaction mechanism and
    kinetic modelling
    Haihui Wang, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski, Eric M. Kennedy

    Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29 (2003) 487–513


    Coverage
    • Understanding of the problem
    • Variables affecting the oxidation process
    • Experimental methods adopted
    • Oxygen consumption by coal and oxidation products
    • Kinetic modelling of coal oxidation
    • Conclusions and suggestions for future research
    Introduction
    • Coal Self ignition major problems in power plants and coal mines
    • May lead to loss of calorific value by upto 15%
    • In Australia alone two million tons of CO2 emitted in 1 year ( 1995-96)
    • Low temp oxidation takes place due to
    • Coal seams getting exposed to oxygen during open cast mining
    • Open storage of Coal
    • Transportation
    • When left in coal mines and stack yards
    Process of Oxidation
    • Oxygen transported to coal
    surface by convective
    process
    • Diffusion of oxygen into
    pores
    • Reaction between coal and
    oxygen
    • Release of Heat
    Research Studies in Last 150 Years
    • Transport of Oxygen to coal surface and pores
    • Factors causing the oxidation and characteristics of the products
    • Reaction mechanism and Chemical kinetics
    • Heat release during oxidation
    • Propensity of coal to low temperature combustion
    • Prediction of potential hazard for a seam or stockpile to spontaneous
    combustion
    Variable affecting the oxidation process
    • Pores in the coal Particle
    • Pyrites
    • Inherent Moisture
    • History of Oxidation
    • Particle Size
    • Temperature
    • Oxygen concentration
    • Moisture in the gas medium
    Experimental Methods
    Slow oxidation of coal results in
    • Consumption of O2 and oxidation of Coal
    • Change in coal Mass and its chemical structure
    • Change in Physical structure of coal
    • Self heating of coal
    Parameters that are studied in experimental methods:
    • Oxidation rate
    • Mass exchange
    • Amount of heat evolution
    • Nature and Concentration of gaseous products
    • Concentration of Oxygen compounds at Coal Surface
    Major Methods
    • Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
    • DGT derived from TG plot
    • Indicate mass loss with time or temperature
    • Used for developing kinetic model for oxidation
    • Shortcomings
    • Isothermal and adiabatic calorimeter
    • Used for measurement of minimum self heating temperature
    • Differential thermal Analysis (DTA)
    • Basket Heating
    • Auto ignition temperature for different sizes and shapes
    • Cross Point Temperature
    • Chen’s method
    • Isothermal low reactor and oxygen adsorption
    • FTIR and XPS for formation of oxygenated compounds of pore surfaces.
    Characteristics of oxygen consumption by
    coal and oxidation products.
    • Physical and Chemical Adsorption of oxygen at the coal surface.
    • Physical Adsorption by weak forces and easily removed
    • Chemical adsorption by stronger valance forces
    • Physical adsorption can be multilayer chemical adsorption is is monlayer
    • Physical adsorption prominent at lower temperatures
    • Chemical adsorption releases significantly more heat
    • Strong dependence on temperature
    Reaction regimes of Coal Oxidation
    • Three step Process
    • External diffusion
    • Internal diffusion and
    • Chemical reaction
    • External diffusion is much
    faster than internal
    • Water layer present may
    hamper diffusion
    • Rate of oxygen consumption
    dependent on particle
    size(upto few hundred
    microns) later not Fig. A typical trend illustrating the effect of particle size on
    dependent. the rate of oxygen consumption
    Reaction regimes of Coal Oxidation
    • Brownman & Frevik proposed two modes of oxidation
    • Macropore oxidation – transport of O2 is rate determining
    • Micropore oxidation- Overall oxidation is limited by chemical reaction.
    • Role of inherent moisture
    • May promote oxidation by formation of intermediate compounds
    • Higher levels of water can block pore holes.
    • Critical optimum range of level exists.
    • It is postulated the critical level corresponds to monolayer distribution of
    water on the internal surfaces of pores.
    Gaseous products of oxidations
    • Presence of hydrocarbons, CO2, H2O, N2 and H2 has been observed in
    coal mining sites.
    • In experimental set up generation of CxHy, N2 and H2 have not been
    reported.
    • Generation of CO2 and CO increase with increase of temperature
    • With passage of time generation of CO2 reduces.
    • Molar ratio of CO2 to CO is usually higher than unity. The ratio goes
    on reducing as the temperature increases.
    Kinetic Modelling
    Mathematical description of oxygen consumption
    • Winmill
    ∝ ( 0<n<1)
    Conclusion and future Research Areas
    • Coal oxidation at low temperature is a complex process, this results in
    formation of gaseous and solid products. Factors such as temperature,
    oxidation history of coal, particle size, moisture content affect it.
    • There are two sets of reactions that take place- direct burn-off and
    chemisorption. Kinetic models have been developed relate oxygen
    consumption with reaction rates, oxidation time, temperature and
    oxygen concentration.
    • New areas of research suggested are:
    • Role of inherent moisture
    • Study of direct burn-off and chemisorption reactions
    • Steps in chemisorption reaction
    • Prediction of CO2 emissions from stockpiles and coal seams.

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