Pulleys are used in both strength exercises and traction to change the direction of force. A single fixed pulley only changes the direction of force, while a movable pulley system can increase or decrease the magnitude of force applied. There are three types of pulleys - single fixed, single movable, and pulley combinations. Anatomical pulleys in the body include bones, cartilages, and ligaments that allow tendons to slide over them, improving muscle mechanics. The angle of pull refers to the angle between a muscle's insertion and the bone it acts upon, influencing the muscle's force components.
Pulleys are used in both strength exercises and traction to change the direction of force. A single fixed pulley only changes the direction of force, while a movable pulley system can increase or decrease the magnitude of force applied. There are three types of pulleys - single fixed, single movable, and pulley combinations. Anatomical pulleys in the body include bones, cartilages, and ligaments that allow tendons to slide over them, improving muscle mechanics. The angle of pull refers to the angle between a muscle's insertion and the bone it acts upon, influencing the muscle's force components.
Pulleys are used in both strength exercises and traction to change the direction of force. A single fixed pulley only changes the direction of force, while a movable pulley system can increase or decrease the magnitude of force applied. There are three types of pulleys - single fixed, single movable, and pulley combinations. Anatomical pulleys in the body include bones, cartilages, and ligaments that allow tendons to slide over them, improving muscle mechanics. The angle of pull refers to the angle between a muscle's insertion and the bone it acts upon, influencing the muscle's force components.
Pulleys are used in both strength exercises and traction to change the direction of force. A single fixed pulley only changes the direction of force, while a movable pulley system can increase or decrease the magnitude of force applied. There are three types of pulleys - single fixed, single movable, and pulley combinations. Anatomical pulleys in the body include bones, cartilages, and ligaments that allow tendons to slide over them, improving muscle mechanics. The angle of pull refers to the angle between a muscle's insertion and the bone it acts upon, influencing the muscle's force components.
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PULLEYS
DR Asim Ahmad PT Today's content
🠶 Levers at home and at work
🠶 Levers in physiotherapy 🠶 Angle of pull 🠶 Pulleys 🠶 Elasticity Pulleys
🠶 Pulleys are used in both strength exercises and traction of the
body segments to change the direction of force; these pulleys are single fixed pulleys. 🠶 A pulley can can also be used to increase or decrease the magnitude of force; these pulleys are moveable pulley system and sometime referred as block-and-tackle system. Pulley “A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope. passing in the groove; a load is attached on one end of the rope and the effort is applied to the other end”
IPM&R DUHS 24-03-2012
Function of PULLEY A pulley changes the direction of the force, making it easier to lift things!
The working principle of the pulley is
When one end of the rope is pulled downwards, the load on the other end of the rope is pulled upward. Therefore, the direction of force is changed from downwards to upwards! Y S L LE PU F E SO P TY There are three types of pulleys:
❑ A single fixed pulley.
❑ A single movable pulley
❑ Pulley combination. ❑ A single fixed pulley The line of action of a force may be changed by means of a pulley. A force acting in downward direction, is used to move a weight in an upward direction. When pulleys are fixed , they do not provide any mechanical advantages to the force but only change its direction. E.g. cervical traction. A single fixed pulley is often used in strengthening exercise.
The advantage of the fixed pulley is that you do not
have to pull or push the pulley up and down.
The disadvantage is that you have to apply more effort
than the load IPM&R DUHS 24-03-2012 ❑ A single movable pulley
When a pulley is free to move up and down along
with the load, it is called a movable pulley. This pulley can also rotate like the fixed pulley.
The main advantage of a movable pulley is that you
use less effort to pull the load.
The main disadvantage of a movable pulley is that you
have to pull or push the pulley up or down
IPM&R DUHS 24-03-2012
A combined pulley makes life easier as the effort needed to lift the load is less than half the weight of the load.
The main advantage of this pulley is that the
amount of effort is less than half of the load.
The main disadvantage is it travels a very long
distance. Angle of pull Angle of pull is the angle between muscle insertion and the bone on which the muscle inserts
Or
The angle between the line of pull
of the muscle (action line) and the mechanical axis of the bone or segment involved IPM&R DUHS 24-03-2012 Angle of pull
🠶 Definitions: 🠶 Angle of Pull: angle between muscle insertion and bone on which it inserts. 🠶 Components of Force 🠶 Rotary component: force of a muscle contributing to bone's movement around a joint axis; greatest when muscles angle of pull is perpendicular to bone (i.e. 90 degrees). 🠶 Stabilizing component: degree of parallel forces generated on the lever (bone and joint) when the muscles angle of pull is less than 90 degrees. 🠶 Dislocating component: degree of parallel forces generated on the lever (bone and joint) when the muscle's angle of pull is greater than 90 degrees. Anatomical Pulleys
• In the human body, in most cases
the pulley is replaced by a bone, cartilage or ligament and the cord is replaced by a muscle tendon.
• The tendon is lubricated in a
manner so that it may easily slide over the pulley. Classification of Anatomical Pulleys
There are four classes of pulleys.
The first three of them are examples of
fixed pulleys and the fourth one is an example of a movable one. Class I
An improved muscle action comes from
the muscle tendon passing over an external support, the external support serving as pulley. Class I example
The presence of the patella
within knee joints acts as pulley by distancing the tendon from the joint. It improves the angle of pull of the quadriceps muscle on the anterior aspect of the thigh. Presence of patella increases angle of pull and also length of the effort arm. Class II The action of the muscle at the joint is altered because of the pulley
a)The pulley is a bone
b)The pulley is a cartilage c) The pulley is a ligament The pulley is a bone
The lateral malleolus of the fibula
acts as a pulley for the peroneus longus muscle. If it was not for the malleolus, this muscle instead of passing behind the lateral malleolus to be inserted in the base of the first metatarsal and to produce ankle plantar flexion and eversion, it would have produced ankle dorsiflexion and eversion because of its passage in front of the ankle joint. The pulley is a cartilage
The trochlea of the eye
allows the superior oblique muscle of the eye when it passes over it to rotate the eye obliquely. Without this pulley, the muscle would have little effect on the eye. The pulley is a ligament
The flexor retinaculum of
the . hand acts as a pulley for the flexors of the fingers.
• Composed of 5 annular ligaments + 3 cruciform ligaments • To hold the underlying tendons at a fixed distance to the phalanges • Gliding mechanism of long flexors Class III
The joint serves as the pulley.
A. The size of the epicondyles
of the femur gives the gracilis tendon a favorable angle of insertion as the tendon insert on the tibia.
B. The middle part of the
deltoid as it passes over the shoulder joint. CLASS IV The muscle acts as a pulley the muscle is its own pulley
A. As the biceps muscle increases in size, its angle of
insertion will increase. The muscle underneath acts as pulley for another muscle, which passes over it
B. Brachialis m/s will raise the
biceps giving it a better angle of insertion. For this to be effective, the overriding m/s must not have the same insertion as the bulky m/s REFERENCES:
