Frequency Distribution

STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION OF
GROUPED DATA
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GROUPED
DATA
- most convenient way of organizing data

- is a collection of observation produced by sorting them
into classes and showing their frequency (or numbers) of
occurrences in each class.
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
Lower class limit
- the smallest data value that can be included in the class
Upper class limit

- the largest data value that can be included in the class
Class boundaries
- are used to separate the classes so that there are no gaps in the frequency distribution
Class mark
- the midpoints of the classes
Class width/size
- the difference between two consecutive lower-class limits
To set up a frequency distribution, the following should be done:
1. Determine the number of class interval or class groupings.

The class interval is a set of numbers defined by the lower and
upper limits of a class relative to the class size.
Sturge’s formula
No. of class interval = 1 + (3.322) (log n)
where n is the total number of values
2. Determine the width of the class interval, also known as the class size.
The range of a set of observations is the difference between the largest
and the smallest observations.
Range = Highest Value – Lowest Value

The class size is the quotient of the range and the number of desired class groupings.
The width is normally rounded up to the next whole number.
3. Establish the class limits.

The class limit should be defined to include all observations in the data set.
Normally, the lowest score may be used as the lower limit of the first-class interval.
4. Define the class boundaries of each interval to avoid overlapping.

The class boundary is composed of the lower-class boundary and upper-class
boundary. It is a number halfway between the upper-class limit of one class and the
lower-class of the next class interval.
Lower Limit – 0.5
Upper Limit + 0.5
5. Tally the observation to get the frequency for each class interval.
6. Determine the class mark or the middle value of each class interval.
𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕+𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕

𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌=
𝟐
Example #1
When 40 people were surveyed at Greenbelt 3, they reported the distance they drove to the mall,
and the results (in kilometers) are given below.
8 1 5 9 5 14 10 31 20 15
4 10 6 5 5 1 8 12 10 25
40 31 24 20 20 3 9 15 15 25
1 1 16 23 18 25 21 12 2 8
Construct a frequency distribution table.

Example #1. When 40 people were surveyed at Greenbelt 3, they reported the distance they drove to the
mall, and the results (in kilometers) are given below.
8 1 5 9 5 14 10 31 20 15
4 10 6 5 5 1 8 12 10 25
40 31 24 20 20 3 9 15 15 25
1 1 16 23 18 25 21 12 2 8
Solution:
Step 1. Class interval

No. of class interval = 1 + (3.322) (log 40) = 6.32 = 6
Step 2. Range
Range = Highest Values – Lowest Value
Range = 40 – 1 = 39
Class Size/Width
Step 3. Determine the class limit.
Step 4. Determine the class boundaries.
Step 3. Determine the lower-class limit.
Class limit Class boundaries

Class limit Class limit
1- 1-7 1-7 0.5 – 7.5
8- 8 - 14 8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5
15 - 15 - 21 15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5
22 - 22 - 28 22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5
29 - 29 - 35 29 - 35 28.5 – 35.5
36 - 36 - 42 36 - 42 36.5 – 42.5
8 1 5 9 5 14 10 31 20 15
4 10 6 5 5 1 8 12 10 25
40 31 24 20 20 3 9 15 15 25
1 1 16 23 18 25 21 12 2 8
Step 5. Tally the scores.
Class limit Class boundaries Tally
1-7 0.5 – 7.5 lllll lllll ll
8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l
15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll
22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5 lllll
29 - 35 28.5 – 35.5 ll
36 - 42 36.5 – 42.5 ll
Step 6. Tally into frequency
Class limit Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative Frequency
1-7 0.5 – 7.5 lllll lllll ll 12 12
8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l 11 23
15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll 9 32
22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5 lllll 5 37
29 - 35 28.5 – 35.5 ll 2 39
36 - 42 36.5 – 42.5 l 1 40
Step 7. A variation of the standard frequency table is used when cumulative totals are desired. The
cumulative frequency for a table, whose classes are in increasing order, is the sum of the frequencies
for that class and all previous classes.
Step 6. Tally into frequency
Class Class Tally Frequency Cumulative Class Mark
limit boundaries Frequency
1-7 0.5 – 7.5 lllll lllll ll 12 12
8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l 11 23
15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll 9 32

22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5 lllll 5 37
29 - 35 28.5 – 35.5 ll 2 39
36 - 42 36.5 – 42.5 l 1
40
Step 7. A variation of the standard frequency table is used when cumulative totals are desired. The
cumulative frequency for a table, whose classes are in increasing order, is the sum of the frequencies
for that class and all previous classes.
Example #2
Construct a frequency distribution table for the IQ scores for a group of thirty-five high-school
students.
91 110 80 75 90 95 77
87 112 69 105 79 100 108
95 85 109 100 86 98 90
120 96 90 99 90 80 103
98 71 84 94 93 104 89
Example #2. Construct a frequency distribution table for the IQ scores for a group of thirty-five high-
school students.
91 110 80 75 90 95 77
87 112 69 105 79 100 108
95 85 109 100 86 98 90
120 96 90 99 90 80 103
98 71 84 94 93 104 89
Solution:
Step 1. Class interval

No. of class interval = 1 + (3.322) (log 35) = 6.13 = 6
Step 2. Range
Range = Highest Values – Lowest Value
Range = 120 – 69 = 51
Class Size/Width
school students.
91 110 80 75 90 95 77
87 112 69 105 79 100 108
95 85 109 100 86 98 90
120 96 90 99 90 80 103
98 71 84 94 93 104 89
Class limits Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative Class

Frequency Mark/midpoint
69 -77
78 – 86
87 – 95
96 – 104
105 – 113
114 - 122
school students.
91 110 80 75 90 95 77
87 112 69 105 79 100 108
95 85 109 100 86 98 90
120 96 90 99 90 80 103
98 71 84 94 93 104 89

69 -77 68.5 – 77.5 llll 4 4 73
78 – 86 77.5 – 86.5 lllll l 6 10 82
87 – 95 86.5 – 95.5 lllll lllll l 11 21 91
96 – 104 95.5 – 104.5 lllll lll 8 29 100
105 – 113 104.5 – 113.5 lllll 5 34 109
114 - 122 113.5 – 122.5 l 1 35 118
Example #3
A shampoo manufacturer produces a bottle with an advertised content of 310mL. A sample of 16 bottles
yielded the following contents:
297 318 306 300 322 307 312 300
311 303 291 298 315 296 309 311
Construct a frequency distribution table.

Example #3
Example #3
Example #3
QUIZ!
A special aptitude test is given to job applicants. The data shown below represents the scores of
30 applicants.
204 256 251 237 218 260 210 238 243 247
212 230 227 242 233 211 217 228 218 253
251 222 227 242 254 227 231 209 200 244
Construct frequency distribution table.

Frequency Distribution

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STATISTICS AND

- most convenient way of organizing data

Upper class limit

1. Determine the number of class interval or class groupings.

Range = Highest Value – Lowest Value

3. Establish the class limits.

4. Define the class boundaries of each interval to avoid overlapping.

𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕+𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕

Construct a frequency distribution table.

Step 1. Class interval

Class limit Class boundaries

1- 1-7 1-7 0.5 – 7.5

Class limit Class boundaries Tally

1-7 0.5 – 7.5 lllll lllll ll

8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l

15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll

22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5 lllll

Class limit Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative Frequency

1-7 0.5 – 7.5 lllll lllll ll 12 12

8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l 11 23

15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll 9 32

22 - 28 21.5 – 28.5 lllll 5 37

8 - 14 7.5 – 14.5 lllll lllll l 11 23

15 - 21 14.5 – 21.5 lllll llll 9 32

Step 1. Class interval

Class limits Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative Class

Class limits Class boundaries Tally Frequency Cumulative Class

Construct a frequency distribution table.

Construct frequency distribution table.

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