15Cs565

C
Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing
 MODULE - 1

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 2

Contents

• Course Handout Discussion

• Introduction
• Evolution of cloud computing
• Computing Platforms and Technologies
• Cloud Computing Architecture
• IaaS, PaaS, SaaS,
• Types of Clouds
• Cloud Computing Environments.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 3

Cloud computing
Basic services

• Water
• Electricity
• Telephony
1) Water Provider

User
2) Electricity Provider

User
Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 8
Computing
• Computing is being transformed into a model consisting of
services that are commoditized and delivered in a manner
similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and
telephony.
• Cloud computing - turn the vision of “computing utilities "in to a reality.
• computer utilities’
- like electric and telephone utilities
- will service individual homes and offices across the country
Cloud Computing Traditional Computing

It refers to delivery of different services such as data and programs through

internet on different servers. It refers to delivery of different services on local server. 

It takes place on third-party servers that is hosted by third-party hosting

It takes place on physical hard drives and website servers.  
companies.  

It is ability to access data anywhere at any time by user.   User can access data only on system in which data is stored.  

It is more cost effective as compared to tradition computing as operation and

It is less cost effective as compared to cloud computing because one has to buy
maintenance of server is shared among several parties that in turn reduce cost of
public services.  expensive equipment’s to operate and maintain server.  

It is more user-friendly as compared to traditional computing because user can It is less user-friendly as compared to cloud computing because data cannot be
accessed anywhere and if user has to access data in another system, then he
have access to data anytime anywhere using internet.  need to save it in external storage medium.  

It requires fast, reliable and stable internet connection to access information It does not require any internet connection to access data or information.  
anywhere at any time.

It provides more storage space and servers as well as more computing power so It provides less storage as compared to cloud computing.  
that applications and software run must faster and effectively.  

It also provides scalability and elasticity i.e., one can increase or decrease storage
It does not provide any scalability and elasticity.  
capacity, server resources, etc., according to business needs.  

It requires own team to maintain and monitor system that will need a lot of time
Cloud service is served by provider’s support team.   and efforts.  

Software is offered as an on-demand service (SaaS) that can be accessed through Software in purchased individually for every user and requires to be updated
subscription service.   periodically.
Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-
11
CSE
Example of cloud computation
• Users (consumers) need to pay providers only when they access the
computing services.
• consumers
- no longer need to invest heavily
- encounter difficulties in building and maintaining complex IT
infrastructure.
Cloud Computing
• Users access services based on their requirements without regard to
where the services are hosted.
• This model has been referred to as utility computing or, (since 2007),
as cloud computing.
Cloud computing
• Cloud computing allows
- renting infrastructure,
- runtime environments-IDE
- and services on a pay- per-use basis.

• This principle provides-several practical applications and then gives

different images of cloud computing to different people.
Cloud computing
 One of the most diffuse views of cloud computing can be summarized as
follows:
 I don’t care where my servers are, who manages them, where my documents
are stored, or where my applications are hosted.
 I just want them always available and access them from any device connected
through Internet.
 And I am willing to pay for this service for as a long as I need it.
 The concept expressed above has strong similarities to the way we use other
services, such as water and electricity.
cloud computing
 cloud computing turns IT services into utilities.
 a delivery model is made possible by the effective composition of
several technologies
 Web 2.0 technologies plays a central role in making cloud computing
an attractive opportunity for building computing systems.
• Service orientation allows cloud computing
- to deliver its capabilities with familiar abstractions.
• virtualization allows cloud computing
- provides the necessary degree of customization, - control, and
flexibility for building production and enterprise systems.
Overview 

Cloud computing at a glance Historical Developments

Cloud computing at a glance
Massive transformation – from networks to
cloud
• Computing services readily available on demand, just as other utility
services
• Pay providers only when you access the computing services
• Consumers no longer need to invest heavily -  building and
maintaining complex IT infrastructure

Utility computing or, recently (since 2007), as

cloud computing
 • Paradigm for the dynamic provisioning
of computing services 
• supported by state-of-the-art data
What is centers 

cloud • employing virtualization

technologies for consolidation and
computing? effective utilization of resources
•  Cloud computing allows renting
infrastructure, runtime environments,
and services on a pay-per-use basis
Cloud – one point of view
• I don’t care 
                         where my servers are, 
                         who manages them, 
                         where my documents are stored, 
                         where my applications are hosted
•  I just want them
• always available and access them from any device connected
through Internet

And I am willing to pay for this service for as a long as I need it

 Web 2.0 technologies -  transformed the
Internet into a rich application and service
Cloud – delivery platform

Composition of
several Service orientation -  to deliver its
technologies capabilities with familiar abstractions

Virtualization -  necessary degree of

customization, control, and flexibility for
building production and enterprise systems
Why is cloud popular?

EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE ENVIRONMENT FOR EASY TO INTEGRATE ADDITIONAL CAPACITY OR USE OF DYNAMICALLY PROVISIONED IT
BUILDING NEW SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS​ NEW FEATURES INTO EXISTING SYSTEMS​ RESOURCES – NO NEED TO BUY ADDITIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOFTWARE​
 • Anyone with a credit card can provision virtual
hardware, runtime environments, and services
•  Used as needed, with no up-front
Vision of commitments 
•  The entire stack of a computing system is
Cloud transformed into a collection of utilities
•  composed together to deploy systems in hours 
and with virtually no maintenance costs
Vision of Cloud
 Give your needs – automation of discovery
process and integration of  the cloud services 

Service providers – increase their revenue

Future –
Global cloud Reduces the barriers between service consumers
and providers

marketplace Standards 

Optimize datacenter facilities – greener computing

Defining
a Cloud
Defining a Cloud
• Refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet
and the hardware and system software in the datacenters that
provide those services.
• A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
Criteria for a cloud service

The service is accessible

via a Web browser
(nonproprietary) or a Web Zero capital expenditure is You pay only for what you
services application necessary to get started use as you use it
programming interface
(API)
Definition (Buy – utility-oriented)
• A cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system 
• Consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized
computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or
more unified computing resources 
• Based on service-level agreements 
• established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers
What do we get from Cloud?
Small enterprises / start-
Large enterprises can offload some ups translate their ideas into
of their activities business results more quickly,
without excessive up-front costs

System developers can concentrate

on the business logic rather than End users can have their
dealing with the complexity of documents accessible from
infrastructure management and everywhere and any device
scalability

IT Services on Demand
A bird’s-eye view of cloud computing
Historical Developments
 Distributed Virtualization Web 2.0
5  Core systems

Technologies
Service oriented Utility-oriented
computing computing
1. Distributed • A distributed system is a collection of independent
computers that appears to its users as a single
systems coherent system.
Evolution of Distributed Computing
Major milestones

Mainframe Cluster Grid

computing   computing computing
 Mainframes
• Smaller than a super computer
• Large computational facilities leveraging
multiple processing units
• Powerful, highly reliable computers
specialized for large data movement and
massive input/output (I/O) operations.

USE:
• online transactions
• enterprise resource planning
• huge data processing
Mainframes – good and bad
Good Scalability • High cost
Good memory storage • Difficult installation
Highly reliable • Huge physical size
Transparent fault tolerance • Environmental issues
No interruption while replacing
faulty components
Can run multiple OS
Cluster Computing
• Early 1980s
• Low-cost alternative to  mainframes and supercomputers
• Increased availability of cheap commodity machines 
• Connected by a high-bandwidth network and controlled by specific
software tools that manage them as a single system
• 1980s - clusters - standard technology for parallel and high-
performance computing
• Could run programs which once required mainframes 
Cluster Computing
• Collection of tightly or loosely
connected computers (nodes)
that work together so that they
act as a single entity
(transparency)

• solve complicated problems

• faster computational speed
• enhanced data integrity
• expandability
Grid Computing
• Early 1990s
• Analogy to the power grid – consume resources
• Aggregate geographically dispersed clusters
• By means of Internet connections
• These clusters belonged to different organizations
• Arrangements were made among them to share the computational power
•  Different from a “large cluster” 

Computing grid - dynamic aggregation of heterogeneous

computing nodes, and its scale was nationwide or even worldwide
Why Grid Computing ?

(a) clusters became quite (b) they were often

common resources underutilized

(c) new problems were (d) the improvements in

requiring computational networking and the Internet
power that went beyond the made possible long-distance,
capability of single clusters high-bandwidth connectivity
2. Virtualization
• Allows creation of different
computing environments
• These environments are
called virtual because they
simulate the interface that
is expected by a guest
• e.g. Hardware
virtualization
• Enables cloud computing
solutions to deliver virtual
servers on demand, such as
Amazon EC2, RightScale,
VMware vCloud
2. Virtualization (Contd.)

• Definition
• Collection of solutions allowing the abstraction of some of the
fundamental elements for computing
• Hardware, runtime environments, storage, and networking
3. Web 2.0

• Refers to websites that have user-

generated content, ease of use,
participatory culture and
interoperability for end users
• A collection of standards and
technologies such as
XML, Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML (AJAX), Web Services, and
others
• brings interactivity and
flexibility into Web pages
• providing enhanced user
experience
4. Service-oriented computing
5. Utility-oriented computing
•  is a service provisioning model
• providing computing as a utility like natural gas, water, power, and
telephone connection
• computing resources are provided to the customer based on specific
demand
• Examples of such IT services are computing power, storage or
applications.
Cloud Computing SERVICE Reference Model

Web 3.0 Software as a Service

Interfaces End user applications
Scientific applications
Office automation, Photo editing,
CRM, and Social Networking
Examples: Google Documents, Facebook, Flickr, Salesforce

Platform as a Service
Runtime Environment for Applications
Development and Data Processing Platforms
Examples: Windows Azure, Hadoop, Google AppEngine, Aneka

Infrastructure as a Service
Virtualized Servers
Storage and Networking
Examples: Amazon EC2, S3, Rightscale, vCloud
S3: Amazon Simple Storage Service
Cloud Computing Architecture

• cloud computing technology is used by both small and large

organizations to store the information in cloud and access it from
anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.
• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented
architecture and event-driven architecture.
• Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -
• Front End
• Back End

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 53

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 54
• Front End
• The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces
and applications that are required to access the cloud computing
platforms. The front end includes web servers (including Chrome,
Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.
• Back End
• The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the
resources that are required to provide cloud computing services. It
includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual
machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 55

• Components of Cloud Computing Architecture
• There are the following components of cloud computing architecture -
• 1. Client Infrastructure
• Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical
User Interface)  to interact with the cloud.
• 2. Application
• The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to
access.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 56

• 3. Service
• A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to
the client’s requirement.
• Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:
• i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application
services. Mostly, SaaS applications run directly through the web browser
means we do not require to download and install these applications. Some
important example of SaaS is given below –
• Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 57

• ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud
platform services. It is quite similar to SaaS, but the difference is that
PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but using SaaS, we can
access software over the internet without the need of any platform.
• Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud,
OpenShift.
• iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud
infrastructure services. It is responsible for managing applications data,
middleware, and runtime environments.
• Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine
(GCE), Cisco Metapod.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 58

• 4. Runtime Cloud
• Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the
virtual machines.
• 5. Storage
• Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It
provides a huge amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage
data.
• 6. Infrastructure
• It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level.
Cloud infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as
servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software, and other storage
resources that are needed to support the cloud computing model.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 59

• 7. Management
• Management is used to manage components such as application,
service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security
issues in the backend and establish coordination between them.
• 8. Security
• Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It
implements a security mechanism in the back end.
• 9. Internet
• The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can
interact and communicate with each other.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 60

Vendors of SPI Model
Basic Structure of Cloud Computing
Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 64
Concept of a “Service” in Cloud Computing
In the Cloud scenario, the provider Organization (Microsoft, Oracle,
Amazon, Google) offers the following commodities as services:
1. Infrastructure (Hardware) -> Storage, Servers, Networking
components
2. Platform to run applications -> Runtimes (JRE, CLR), Operating
Systems (Windows, Linux), Databases (MySQL, Oracle)
3. Applications -> Gmail, Facebook, CRM, etc.

All these services are offered through Web APIs (Application

Programming Interfaces)

Ex: Office 365 suite of applications, Google Drive suite of applications

Types of Services available in cloud computing
• IaaS --- Infrastructure as a Service --- server, memory, CPU processor,
storage space, network components, disk space, hard disk
• PaaS---Platform as a Service --- Provides run time environment for
developers – visual studio, IDE, WORD , OPERATING SYSTEM,
VMWARE
• SaaS – Software as a Service- ALL TYPE OF APPLICATION –
FACEBOOK, GMAIL. Google drive, google document, etc
• Stack of cloud computing --- arrangement of services
• SaaS
• PaaS
• IaaS
IaaS- Advantages and Disadvantages
• Advantages of IaaS:
Cost Saving, On-demand scalability, Have the
Flexibility You Need, Focus on business growth,
It can also run when the server goes down.
• Disadvantages of IaaS:
Security, Lack of flexibility, Technical problems, Over
Dependency, Upgrade & Maintenance.
 PaaS- Advantages
• Advantages of PaaS:

Time Savings: No need to spend time setting

up/maintaining the core stack.

Speed to Market: Speed up the creation of apps.

Increase Security: PaaS providers invest heavily in

security technology and expertise.

 PaaS- Disadvantages
• Disadvantages of PaaS:

Security: All the data of applications are stored inside the provider's cloud
database.

Control: Users lack some control over a PaaS solution.

Reliability: PaaS solutions often face reliability concerns.

Compatibility: Not all the components are cloud-enabled.

 SaaS- Advantages
• Advantages of SaaS:

Operational Management: No installation, equipment updates or traditional licensing

management.

Cost-Effective: There are no upfront hardware costs and flexible payment methods such as
pay-as-you-go models.

Scalability: Easily scale a solution to accommodate changing needs. Data Storage: Data is
routinely saved in the cloud.
SaaS- Disadvantages
• Disadvantages of SaaS:

Loss of Control: The vendor manages everything, making you dependent upon the
vendor's capabilities.

Limited Customization: Most SaaS applications offer little in the way of customization
from the vendor.

Slower Speed: SaaS solutions can have more latency than client/server apps.
Cloud Deployment Models
1.Public clouds - most common model
• IT infrastructure  is established by a third-party service provider that makes it
available to any consumer on a subscription basis 
• Advantage:  allow users to quickly leverage compute, storage, and application
services
• Users’ data and applications are deployed on cloud datacenters on the
vendor’s premises
2. Private clouds - Large organizations that own massive computing
• Infrastructures can still benefit from cloud computing by replicating the cloud
IT service delivery model in-house
 Cloud Deployment Models – Contd.
3. Hybrid Clouds
• Whenever private cloud resources are unable to meet users’ quality-of-
service requirements, hybrid computing systems, partially composed of public
cloud resources and privately owned infrastructures, are created to serve the
organization’s needs
4. Community Clouds
Public Cloud

• Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the
Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
• In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the
Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
• Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud
Enterprise, Microsoft, Google App Engine, Windows Azure Services
Platform.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 74

• Advantages of Public Cloud
• Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
• Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need to worry about the maintenance.
• Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility approach to consumers.
• Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered through the internet.
• Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources.
• It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number of users.
• Disadvantages of Public Cloud
• Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.
• Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network link to the cloud provider.
• The Client has no control of data.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 75

 Private Cloud
• Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud.
It is used by organizations to build and manage their own data centers
internally or by the third party. It can be deployed using Opensource
tools such as Open stack and Eucalyptus.
• Based on the location and management, National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the
following two parts-
• On-premise private cloud
• Outsourced private cloud

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 76

Advantages of Private Cloud
• Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to the users.
• Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity.
• It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT resources.
• The organization has full control over the cloud because it is managed by the organization itself.
So, there is no need for the organization to depends on anybody.
• It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for their personal use and data security
is the first priority.
Disadvantages of Private Cloud
• Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.
• Private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area of operations is limited.
• Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that have a high user base, and organizations that do
not have the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient manpower to maintain and manage the cloud.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 77

 Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private
cloud. we can say:
• Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are
running on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the
services which are running on a private cloud can be accessed only by
the organization's users.
• Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and
Google Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive),
Amazon Web Services.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 78

Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require more security than the public cloud.
• Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and services more quickly.
• Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
• Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure resources because of
the private cloud.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
• In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as good as the private cloud.
• Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to manage more than one type of
deployment model.
• In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services depends on cloud service providers.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 79

Community Cloud

• Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a

group of several organizations to share the information between the
organization and a specific community. It is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party,
or a combination of them.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 80

Advantages of Community Cloud
• Community cloud is cost-effective because the whole cloud is being shared by several organizations
or communities.
• Community cloud is suitable for organizations that want to have a collaborative cloud with more
security features than the public cloud.
• It provides better security than the public cloud.
• It provdes collaborative and distributive environment.
• Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and other capabilities among
various organizations.
Disadvantages of Community Cloud
• Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.
• Security features are not as good as the private cloud.
• It is not suitable if there is no collaboration.
• The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community members.

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 81

Parameter Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud

Host Service provider Enterprise (Third party) Enterprise (Third party) Community (Third
party)

Users General public Selected users Selected users Community members

Access Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN

Owner Service provider Enterprise Enterprise Community

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 82

Major deployment models for cloud computing
Characteristics and benefits
•  No up-front commitments 
•  On-demand access
•  Nice pricing
•  Simplified application acceleration and scalability 
•  Efficient resource allocation 
•  Energy efficiency 
•  Seamless creation and use of third-party services
Cloud computing - challenges
• Technical
• Security
• Legal
Building Cloud
Environments
 Application development

Overview Infrastructure and system

development

Computing platforms and

technologies
Application development
What sort of applications benefit from cloud?

• Dynamically scale on demand

• Classes of applications
1. Web applications
• Performance depends on workload generated by varying user demand
• Rich, complex and interactive
What sort of applications benefit from cloud?

2. Resource-intensive applications
• Data-intensive or compute-intensive applications
• Resources are required to complete execution in a reasonable timeframe
• But not required for a long duration
• Not interactive, only batch processing
• e.g. scientific applications
On-demand and dynamic scaling solution
• How?
             (a) providing methods for renting compute power, storage, and
networking
            (b) offering runtime environments designed for scalability and dynamic
sizing
            (c) providing application services that mimic the behavior of desktop
applications but that are completely hosted and managed on the provider side
• Service orientation
 Allows a simple and seamless integration into existing systems
• Developers access such services via simple Web interfaces
Infrastructure and system
Development
Core technologies enabling the provisioning of cloud
services 

DISTRIBUTED VIRTUALIZATION SERVICE WEB 2.0

COMPUTING ORIENTATION
Distributed Systems

• Extreme dynamism of cloud systems

• New nodes and services are provisioned on demand
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service solutions 
• Provide the capabilities to add and remove resources
• Platform-as-a-Service solutions 
• embed into their core offering algorithms and rules that control the
provisioning process and the lease of resources
• Integration between cloud resources and existing system deployment ???
Web 2.0

• Constitute the interface through which cloud computing services are

delivered, managed, and provisioned

• Service orientation is the underlying paradigm

• Cloud - XaaS—Everything-as-a-Service
Virtualization

• Core feature of the infrastructure used by cloud providers

• Virtualization concept is > 40 years old

•  but cloud computing introduces new challenges, especially in the
management of virtual environments
Computing platforms and
technologies
How to develop cloud applications?
• Leverage
• Platforms
Amazon web services (AWS)
Google AppEngine
• Technologies
Microsoft Azure
• Frameworks
Hadoop
Force.com and Salesforce.com
Manjrasoft Aneka
Amazon web services (AWS)

• IaaS
• Platform that offers flexible,
reliable, scalable, easy-to-use
and, cost-effective cloud
computing solutions
• compute and storage-on-
demand services
• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and
Simple Storage Service (S3)
Amazon web services (AWS)
• Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)  • Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Customizable virtual hardware • Delivers persistent storage on demand
• EC2 instances are deployed either by using  • S3 is organized into buckets; these are
• AWS console, which is a comprehensive containers of objects that are stored in binary
Web portal for accessing AWS services form and can be enriched with attributes
• Web services API available for several • Users can store objects of any size, from
programming languages simple files to entire disk images, and have
them accessible from everywhere
Google App Engine (GAE)
• PaaS
• Build highly scalable applications
on a fully managed serverless
platform
• Large computing infrastructure of
Google to dynamically scale
Google AppEngine
• Services include in-memory caching, scalable data store, job queues, messaging,
and cron tasks
• GAE requires that applications be written in Java or Python, store data in
Google Bigtable and use the Google query language.
• IaaS similar to EC2
• Google provides GAE free up to a certain amount of use for the following
resources:
• processor storage
• API calls
• concurrent requests
Microsoft Azure
• Provides a scalable runtime
environment for Web
applications and distributed
applications
Microsoft Azure
• Web role is designed to host a
• Applications in Azure are organized Web application
around the concept of roles, which
identify a distribution unit for • Worker role is a more
applications and embody the generic container of applications and
application’s logic can be used to perform workload
• Three types of role: Web role, worker
processing
role, and virtual machine role • Virtual machine role provides a
virtual environment in which the
computing stack can be
fully customized, including the
operating systems
Hadoop
• Apache Hadoop is an open-source • Map - transforms and synthesizes
framework the input data provided by the user
• that is suited for processing large data
sets on commodity hardware • Reduce - aggregates the output
• Hadoop is an integral part of the obtained by the map operations
Yahoo! cloud infrastructure • Hadoop provides the runtime
• Hadoop is an implementation of Map environment
Reduce, an application programming
model developed by Google • Developers need only provide the
• which provides two fundamental input data and specify the map and
operations for data processing: reduce functions that need to be
map and reduce executed
Force.com and Salesforce.com

• Force.com is a cloud computing platform for developing social enterprise

applications
• complete set of components supporting all the activities of an enterprise
• provides complete support for developing applications - design of the data layout to the
definition of business rules and workflows and the definition of the user interface

• The platform is the basis for SalesForce.com, a Software-as-a-Service solution for

customer relationship management
Manjrasoft Aneka
• Cloud application platform for rapid creation of scalable applications
• Supports a collection of programming abstractions for developing applications
and a distributed runtime environment that can be deployed on heterogeneous
hardware (clusters, networked desktop computers, and cloud resources)
• Applications are executed on the distributed service-oriented runtime
environment, which can dynamically integrate additional resource on demand
• Services manage most of the activities happening at runtime: scheduling,
execution, accounting, billing, storage, and quality of service
 Review Questions
1. Which are the technologies on which cloud computing relies?​

2. Define cloud computing and identify its core features. ​

3. Briefly summarize the Cloud Computing Reference Model.

4. H
​ ow is cloud development different from
traditional software development?​
Surprise Test-1
Set-A
Q1. Define cloud computing and explain it’s benefits -3M
Q2. Explain cloud computing reference model with a neat diagram-3M
Q3. Explain Public and hybrid cloud deployment model with its Pro’s and con’s​-4M
Set-B
Q1. How is cloud development different from traditional software development?-
3M
Q2. Explain Private and community cloud deployment model with its Pro’s and
con’s-3M
Q3. Explain cloud computing architecture-4M

Mr. R C Ravindranath, Asst. Prof, SOE-CSE 109