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    UCSP

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    Denmark Generoso

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    UCSP

    Uploaded by

    Denmark Generoso
    10 views12 pages

    Original Title

    UCSP (2)

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    10 views12 pages

    UCSP

    Uploaded by

    Denmark Generoso

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    How are culture and society defined from the

    perspective of Anthropology and Sociology?


    Types of Society

     Hunting and gathering societies- These are the earliest


    forms of society. These are small and generally with
    less that 50 members and is nomadic.
    Members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing,
    and gathering edible plants
     Pastoral societies- They rely on products obtained
    through the domestication and breeding of animals
    fro transportation and food.
     Horticultural societies- They rely on the cultivation of
    fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive.
     Agricultural societies- They rely on the use of
    technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas,
    including wheat, rice, and corn.
    Productivity increase and they don’t need to move as
    long as they have plenty of food.
    In this time , towns form, and then cities emerge,
    specialization increase and the economy become more
    complex.
     Industrial Society- They used advanced resources of
    energy to run large machinery which lead to
    industrialization.
     Innovation and transportation led people to travel,
    work in factories, and live in cities.
    Occupational specialization became even more
    pronounced, and a person’s vocation became more of
    an identifier than his or her family ties, and was
    common in industrial societies.
     Post Industrial Societies- Their economy is based on
    services and technology, not production. The
    economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must
    pursue greater education, and the new
    communication technology allows work to be
    performed from variety of locations.
    Classification of culture

     Material Culture- these are visible and tangible


     Non-Material culture- these are non-tangible or
    without physical representation.
    Cognitive- ideas, concepts, philosophies, design etc.
    Normative culture- expectations, standards and rules
    for human behavior.
    Elements of Culture
    Beliefs- are conceptions or ideas people have about
    what is true in the environement around them like
    what is life, how to value it, and how one’s beliefs on
    the values of life relate with his/her interaction with
    others and the world.
    Values- describe what is appropriate or inappropriate
    in a given society.
    Language- is a shared set spoken and written
    symbols. It is basic to communication and
    transmission of culture.
    Technology- refers to the application f knowledge and
    equipment to ease the task of living and maintaining
    the environment.
    Norms- specific rules/standards
    TYPES Proscriptive Defines and tells us things not to do
    Prescriptive Defines and tells us things to do
    Forms Folkways Also known as customs, these are norms for
    everyday behavior that people follow for the
    sake of tradition or convenience.
    Mores These are strict norms that control moral
    and ethical behavior. Mores are norms
    based on definitions of right and wrong.
    Taboos These are norms that society holds so
    strongly that violating it extreme disgust.
    Laws These are codified ethics, and formally
    agreed, written down and enforced by an
    official law enforcement agency.
    Characteristics of Culture
    1. Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive. This basically
    means that cultures interact and change.
    2. Shared and may be challenge
    3. Learned through socialization or enculturation
    4. Patterned social interactions
    5. Integrated
    6. Transmitted through socialization/enculturation
    7. Requires language and other forms of
    communication
    Ethnocentrism- a term coined by William Summer, is
    the tendency to see and evaluate other cultures in
    terms of one’s own race, nation, or culture.
    Xenocentrism –thus is termed by John D. Fullmer
    Cultural relativism- is the principle that an individual
    human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by
    others in terms of that individual’s own culture.

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