SPSS and Statistics

SPSS and statistics
Made by
Ayubzoda Sabrinakhon 46560 Muhidinova Sayidabonu 47200
Mambetov Barsbek 49338 Ali Kazimov 49530
Aktan Toktobolotov 49342 Malika Khairulloeva 45127
Variable
Quantitative vs categorical
variables
Quantitative data represents

amounts
Qualitative data is
information that cannot be
counted, measured or easily
expressed using numbers
Qualitative branch have

Nominal and Ordinal datas
Nominal: the data can only

be categorized. Ordinal: the
data can be categorized and
ranked.
Quantitative branch have

Discrete and continuous
datas
Branches
Qualitative branch have
Nominal and Ordinal datas
Nominal: the data can only

be categorized. Ordinal: the
data can be categorized and
ranked.
Quantitative branch have

Discrete and continuous
datas
Discrete data is a numerical

type of data that includes
whole, concrete numbers
with specific and fixed data
values determined by
counting.
Continuous data includes
complex numbers and
varying data values
measured over a particular
time interval.
Types of Descriptive
Statistics
Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Distribution
Central Tendency
Measures of central tendency
focus on the average or middle
values of data sets, whereas
measures of variability focus on
the dispersion of data. These
two measures use graphs, tables
and general discussions to help
people understand the meaning
of the analyzed data.
Measures of central tendency

describe the center position of a
distribution for a data set. A
person analyzes the frequency of
each data point in the
distribution and describes it
using the mean, median, or
mode, which measures the most
common patterns of the
analyzed data set.
Measures of
Variability
Measures of variability (or the
measures of spread) aid in
analyzing how dispersed the
distribution is for a set of data.
For example, while the measures
of central tendency may give a
person the average of a data set,
it does not describe how the
data is distributed within the set.
So while the average of the data

maybe 65 out of 100, there can
still be data points at both 1 and
100. Measures of variability help
communicate this by describing
the shape and spread of the data
set. Range, quartiles, absolute
deviation, and variance are all
examples of measures of
variability.
Distribution
Distribution (or frequency
distribution) refers to the
quantity of times a data point
occurs. Alternatively, it is the
measurement of a data point
failing to occur. Consider a data
set: male, male, female, female,
female, other. The distribution of
this data can be classified as:
The number of males in the data

set is 2.
The number of females in the
data set is 3.
The number of individuals
identifying as other is 1.
The number of non-males is 4.
Correlation
Correlation is a statistical measure
that expresses the extent to which
two variables are linearly related
(meaning they change together at
a constant rate). It’s a common
tool for describing simple
relationships without making a
statement about cause and effect.
Positive correlation
A positive correlation is a
relationship between two variables
that move in tandem—that is, in
the same direction
Negative correlation
A negative correlation, between
two variables, indicates that one
variable increases while the other
decreases, and vice-versa.
No correlation
A correlation of zero means there
is no relationship between the
two variables.
R-Squared
Definition
R-squared (R2) is a
statistical measure that
represents the
proportion of the
variance for a
dependent variable
that’s explained by an
independent variable in
a regression model.
Regression
Regression is a statistical
method used in finance,
investing, and other
disciplines that attempts
to determine the strength
and character of the
relationship between one
dependent variable
(usually denoted by Y) and
a series of other variables
(known as independent
variables).
What is SPSS
The IBM SPSS software

platform offers advanced
statistical analysis, a vast
library of machine
learning algorithms, text
analysis, open-source
extensibility, integration
with big data and
seamless deployment
into applications.
SPSS views
There are two types of
them.
1. Data view
2. Variable view
First one is for doing
coding and inserting data
which we have collected
earlier from google form or
other methods.
The second one is for

inserting questionnaire we
use NAME, LABLE and
values in column, in NAME
column we write short
naming of an item of
variable. For example or
variable is job satisfaction
and we have five items of
this variable and we write
JS1, JS2, JS3 …
Descriptives
To run the Descriptives
procedure, select Analyze
> Descriptive Statistics >
Descriptives
The Descriptives window

lists all of the variables in
your dataset in the left
column. To select
variables for analysis, click
on the variable name to
highlight it, then click on
the arrow button to move
the variable to the column
on the right. Alternatively,
you can double-click on
the name of a variable to
move it to the column on
the right.
Output
The output is the separate
window that you get after
applying descriptive. That
window have basically all
most important stats
Here you can see

Respondent age stats
18.9 % of people are 41-50
years old
58.5 % of people are above
50 years old.
There are 12 answers

missing in each question
which is a program problem
Respondent Gender
Is basically how much
people have answered this
question
Respondent Income
The same thing
Respondent Qualification
As you can see 36 people
have graduation and 5 have
masters degree.
Company size
54.7 % is small one and
22.6 % Medium
Thank you for your attention
REFERENCE
1. https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2022/01/di
fferent-types-of-regression-models/
2. https://conjointly.com/kb/descriptive-statistics/
3. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/frequency-distri
butions/
4. https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/08/co
mprehensive-guide-regression/
5. https://libguides.uos.ac.uk/academic/mathematics/
SPSS/Descriptive_Stats
6. https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/linear-reg
ression-using-spss-statistics.php
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summary_statistics

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SPSS and statistics

Quantitative data represents

Qualitative branch have

Nominal: the data can only

Quantitative branch have

Nominal: the data can only

Quantitative branch have

Discrete data is a numerical

Measures of central tendency

So while the average of the data

The number of males in the data

The IBM SPSS software

The second one is for

The Descriptives window

Here you can see

There are 12 answers

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