Poetry

What is Poetry?
Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm. It often employs
rhyme and meter (a set of rules governing the number and arrangement of syllables in each
line). In poetry, words are strung together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be
too complex or abstract to describe directly.
Poetry is a type of literature, or artistic writing, that attempts to stir a reader's imagination or
emotions. The poet does this by carefully choosing and arranging language for its meaning,
sound, and rhythm. Some poems, such as nursery rhymes, are simple and humorous.
Poetry, literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a
specific emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning, sound,
and rhythm.
e.g. Ode To Nightingale By john Keats
e.g. French revolution by w.w.worth
BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com
Lecture by Uffaq Zahra
YouTube Channel URL (https://www.youtube.com/c/BsEnglishliteraturenotes) For More Notes.
What Is Poetry?
Poetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story in a
concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be structured, with rhyming lines
and meter, the rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllabic beats. Poems can also be
freeform, which follows no formal structure.
The basic building block of a poem is a verse known as a stanza. A stanza is a grouping of
lines related to the same thought or topic, similar to a paragraph in prose. A stanza can be
subdivided based on the number of lines it contains. For example, a couplet is a stanza with
two lines.
On the page, poetry is visibly unique: a narrow column of words with recurring breaks
between stanzas. Lines of a poem may be indented or lengthened with extra spacing
between words. The white space that frames a poem is an aesthetic guide for how a poem is
read.

What Is Meter in Poetry?
A poem can contain many elements to give it structure. Meter imposes specific length and
emphasis on a given line of poetry. It is count of syllable in line, which should be stressed
and which shouldn’t.
What Is a Stanza?
In poetry, a stanza is used to describe the main building block of a poem. It is a unit of poetry
composed of lines that relate to a similar thought or topic—like a paragraph in prose or a
verse in a song. Every stanza in a poem has its own concept and serves a unique purpose. A
stanza may be arranged according to rhyming patterns and meters—the syllabic beats of a
line. It can also be a free-flowing verse that has no formal structure.
What Is a Rhyme Scheme?
There are many different types of rhymes that poets use in their work: internal rhymes, slant
rhymes, eye rhymes, identical rhymes, and more. One of the most common ways to write a
rhyming poem is to use a rhyme scheme composed of shared vowel sounds or consonants.
The FIVE Key Elements of Poetry
FORM - is the physical structure which considers the following:
*length of lines *stanza count
*number of lines *syllable count
*rhyming scheme *meter
Form examples are: acrostic, haiku, ballad, sonnet, free verse, concrete, cinquain, epic, name poems,
dirge, elegy, etc. There are over 55 types of form.
POETIC VOICE - the narrative voice
Also known as the speaker, or persona; this refers to the voice that speaks a poem; this speaker is not
usually identical to the author who writes the poem. The author assumes a role and speech of a
person in a particular situation.
Always ask yourself
"Who is speaking?"
SOUND - creates mood, tone, and images
Poets use sound techniques with word choice to enhance their poems.
Sound Techniques - include...
• Alliteration - Assonance - Cacophony - Meter - Near Rhyme - Onomatopoeia - Repetition
- Rhyme Schemes; (external and internal) and Rhythm.
IMAGERY - uses sensory language
to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way it appeals to our physical senses. The
word imagery is associated with mental pictures, but this only partially correct. You must
also...
Look for the senses:
Sight - Hearing - Smell
Taste - Touch

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE - goes beyond actual meanings of words
The use of figurative language helps the reader to gain new insights into the objects or
subjects in the poem.

15 Types of Poetic Forms
From sonnets and epics to haikus and villanelles, learn more about 15 of literature’s most
enduring types of poems.
1.Blank verse. Blank verse is poetry written with a precise meter—almost always iambic
pentameter—that does not rhyme.
2.Rhymed poetry. In contrast to blank verse, rhymed poems rhyme by definition, although their
scheme varies.
3.Free verse. Free verse poetry is poetry that lacks a consistent rhyme scheme, metrical pattern,
or musical form.
4.Epics. An epic poem is a lengthy, narrative work of poetry. These long poems typically detail
extraordinary feats and adventures of characters from a distant past.
5.Narrative poetry. Similar to an epic, a narrative poem tells a story. Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow’s “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the
Ancient Mariner” exemplify this form. Learn more about narrative poetry here.
1.Haiku. A haiku is a three-line poetic form originating in Japan. The first line has five
syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the third line again has five syllables.
2.Pastoral poetry. A pastoral poem is one that concerns the natural world, rural life, and
landscapes. These poems have persevered from Ancient Greece (in the poetry of Hesiod) to
Ancient Rome (Virgil) to the present day (Gary Snyder).
3.Sonnet. A sonnet is a 14 line poem, typically (but not exclusively) concerning the topic of
love. Sonnets contain internal rhymes within their 14 lines; the exact rhyme scheme
depends on the style of a sonnet.
4.Elegies. An elegy is a poem that reflects upon death or loss. Traditionally, it contains
themes of mourning, loss, and reflection. However, it can also explore themes of redemption
and consolation.
5.Ode. Much like an elegy, an ode is a tribute to its subject, although the subject need not be
dead—or even sentient, as in John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”.

1.Limerick. A limerick is a five-line poem that consists of a single stanza, an AABBA rhyme
scheme, and whose subject is a short, pithy tale or description.
2.Lyric poetry. Lyric poetry refers to the broad category of poetry that concerns feelings and
emotion. This distinguishes it from two other poetic categories: epic and dramatic.
3.Ballad. A ballad (or ballade) is a form of narrative verse that can be either poetic or
musical. It typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains. From John Keats to Samuel Taylor
Coleridge to Bob Dylan, it represents a melodious form of storytelling.
4.Soliloquy. A soliloquy is a monologue in which a character speaks to him or herself,
expressing inner thoughts that an audience might not otherwise know. Soliloquies are not
definitionally poems, although they often can be—most famously in the plays of William
Shakespeare.
5.Villanelle. A nineteen-line poem consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with a highly
specified internal rhyme scheme. Originally a variation on a pastoral, the villanelle has
evolved to describe obsessions and other intense subject matters, as exemplified by Dylan
Thomas, author of villanelles like “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.”
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What is Poetry?

BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com

BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com

BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com

BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com

BS English Literature Notes. w.w.w.bseln.com

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