WATER

 Water next to air is the most

important one
 Element to the sustenance of Human
Body
 Water is the key to all bodily
Functions
 Circulatory system
 Assimilation system Digestion system
 Elimination System and for
Temperature Control
19/05/23
 Today’s Situation
 Half the population depends on
Surface water supply
 Lakes, reservoirs,rivers
 Surface waters are contaminated with
Agricultural runoff, Industrial
effluents
 urban waste
 Billions of people Live on this planet
under the potential threat of Water
contamination
19/05/23
THE EARTH WATERSTOCK
1,386 000 000 km3

SALT 97.5% FRESH 2.5%

 AVAILABLE WATER
47 000 km3

USABLE 9000 km3 19% NON USABLE 81%

 FRESH WATER 35 029
km3
ICE CAPS 68.7%
DEEP 30.1%
FROZEN 0.9%
LAKES & RIVERS 0.3%

0.26 % of fresh water reserves is

available to terrestrial life forms
WASTE WATER CHARACTERISTICS

IN TAIWAN & CHINA

Industrial COD (mg/L) BOD/COD
FOOD 10,000 0.55 – 0.9
FERMENTATION 30,000 0.67
TEXTILE 2,000 0.45
PAPER 1,000 0.58
CHEMICAL 1,500 0.48
PHARMACEUTICALS
1,500 0.3
MUNICIPAL
SEWAGE 800 0.85
EGSB (EXPANDED GRANULAR
SLUDGE BED ANAEROBIC
REACTOR) TECHNOLOGY
RAINS

DR. ILANGOVAN KUPPUSAMY

 OBJECTIVE
PROMOTE EGSB TECHNOLOGY
IN TAIWAN & CHINA FOR
INDUSTRIAL & MUNICIPAL
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
ANAEROBIC
TECHNOLOGY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

STEPS

1. HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION

2. ACETOGENESIS
3.METANOGENESIS
 SEPTIC TANK
SUSPENDED IMHOFF TANK
BIOMASS ANAEROBIC POND
CONVENTIONAL
DIGESTOR
COMPLETELY MIXED
DIGESTOR
ANAEROBIC
FIXED ANAEROBIC FILTER
PROCESS BIOMASS FIXED FILM
UASB

EXPANDED EXPANDED SLUDGE

BIOMASS FLUIDISED BED
EXPANDED GRANULAR
SLUDGE BED
 CLASSIFICATION OF SLUDGE
BLANKET
G G G

L L L

90%
60%

30%

L L L

<1 m/h 1 - 2.5 m/h >2.5 m/h

A B C
 Recirculation( Qr)
WW Treated ( Qe )
Effluent
GAS MONITOR

SOLID-LIQUID-
GAS
SEPARATION

PUMP

WW ( Qi
FEED )
PUMP

LABORATORY SCALE EGSB REACTOR

EFFLUENTE
BIO GAS
1999

Recirculation

PUMPS

FEED WASTE WATER

EGSB Reactor
 SCHEME OF ENERGY FLOW IN
ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC SYSTEM

CH4 + CO2 (90%)

ANAEROBIC

BIOMASS (10%)

100%
(COD)
ORGANIC H2O + CO2
CONTENTS (35%)
AEROBIC ENERGY

*
O2 BIOMASS (65%)
 RESULTS
9.5
100mg SO 4 /L 200mg SO 4 /L 300mg SO 4 /L

9
Effluent

8.5 Influent
pH

7.5

7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Time, d
PERCENTAGE OF COD REMOVAL

100
CODs
CODt
80
Efficiency (COD), %

60

40

20
100mg SO 4 /L 200 mg SO 4 /L 300 mg SO 4 /L

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Time, d
PERCENTAGE OF SULPHATE REMOVAL
120
100 mg SO4/L 200 mg SO4/L 300 mg SO4/L

100

80
Efficiency (SO4), %

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Time, d
 100
COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Anaerobic
20 Anaerobic-aerobic
Aerobic
10 Physico Chemical

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (d)

COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY BY AEROBIC, ANAEROBIC AND

PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREAMENT
 ADVANTAGES OF EGSB
REACTOR
- High Flow rate can be applied to the reactor
- Facilitate major contact between substrate
and Biomass in the reactor
- Recirculation of the effluents in the reactor
not only expand the Biomass but also
increase the specific activity of the sludge
- Limited space required
- Less sludge production
 EGSB
PLANTS
CONSTRUCTED
 TEXTILE INDUSTRY

DURING CONSTRUCTION OF EGSB

FISH
PROCESSING
INDUSTRY
ATLÁNTIDA DEL SUR
MERIDA, YUCATAN
 b a
36 87 10 36 87 10 36 87

20

a b

20
32.5

14.5
CL

30

55.5
25 62 133 133 97

1
Z Z

77.5
CORTE X-X
X X PLACA DE 1/2" X 27 X 27

HULE DE NEOPRENO

77.5
1 PERNO Ø 5/8" RODILLO VULCANIZADO Ø 23.2 2 CHUMACERA
PLACA DE 3/8" X 18 X 18

2 7.6

CATARINA

FLECHA Ø 1" 3/8 1 2

CHUMACERA 1" 3/8 2

23 6 20 2 2 141 10 20
CANALETAS 204

DETALLE DE ACOPLAMIENTO (Tipo)

3 6.4

PLANTA
ESCALA: 1:20

20
ACOTACION: cm

34.5
25 62 36 10 87 36 10 87 36 10 51

14.5
30
PLACA 1/2" X 27 X 27
22.5

PLACA 1/2" X 27 X 27 RODILLO VULCANIZADO

34.5
39.5

FLECHA 1 3/8" FLECHA

CL
5

CHUMACERA BISAGRA DE LIBRO CORRIDA

CANALETA

20

CORTE 1-1 CORTE 2-2

PLANO

CORTE Z-Z ACCESORIOS

AMPLIACION PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE
AGUAS RESIDUALES BIMBO-TOLUCA

CLAVE REVISADO POR

AC-1
APROBADO POR

DIBUJO ESCALA ACOTACIONES FECHA

J.C.P.A. SIN cm 15-JUL-1999
 25 e = 20

a b c
100

e = 20
CONCRETO (FONDO f'c 250 kg/cm²

20 123 10 123 10 123 10 20 400 20 PLANTILLA CONCRETO f'c 150 kg/cm²

50
DETALLE "A" RELLENO DE TEZONTLE COMPACTADO

e = 20
AL 90 % DE LA PRUEBA PROCTOR STANDARD
DETALLE A

10
100
1'
TERRENO NATURAL

5
50
REFORZAMIENTO EN
20

20

20
INTERSECCION DE MUROS DETALLE B

50
77.5
REFORZAMIENTO
155

X
MUROS CENTRALES DETALLE DE DESPLANTE

77.5
2'

320
360

15

ARMADO N° 4 PARA RECIBIR

CARRETE DE TUBO Ø 6" C-40
DETALLE "B" e = 10
X
NOTAS GENERALES
150

N.S.T.G. + 0.90
1 1
ROLDANA 1/4" ESP.
2 2 1.- ACOTACIONES EN cm, NIVELES EN m

3' c
2.- TODAS LAS ACOTACIONES, NIVELES Y PAÑOS FIJOS
BRIDA SLIP ON DEBERAN VERIFICARSE CON LOS PLANOS DE REFERENCIA Y EN OBRA
20

20
PARA TUBO Ø 6" 3.- LOS ESQUEMAS EN LOS QUE SE INDICA EL ARMADO
NO ESTAN A ESCALA
Ø N° 4
4.- ESPECIFICACION DE MATERIALES:
N° 4 @ 15 A) ACERO DE REFUERZO fy = 4,200 kg/cm²
Ø N° 4 B) CONCRETO NORMAL f'c 250 kg/cm² = 2,200 kg/m³ CON ADITIVO
e = 20
IMPERMEABILIZANTE TIPO 4 PUZOLANICO RESISTENTE A SULFATOS
TUBO Ø 6" (CARRETE) N.S.T.G. + 0.90 5.- TODAS LAS VARILLAS TERMINADAS EN ESCUADRA EN SUS EXTREMOS (¬)
20 450 20 SE ANCLARAN AL ELEMENTO NORMAL. LA LONGITUD "Lg" INDICADA EN
N° 4 @ 15 LA TABLA DE VARILLAS
910 6.- TODOS LOS DOBLECES DE VARILLAS SE HARAN DE ACUERDO A LA FIGURA 1
7.- PARA EL COLADO DE MUROS, SE PODRA COLAR ALTURAS CON CAIDA NO
N° 4 @ 15
MAYOR A 2.20 m/s DEJANDO VENTANAS P/COLAR Y VIBRAR EL CONCRETO

0.15
N.F.T.G. - 0.60 8.- EXCEPTO DONDE SE INDIQUE OTRA COSA, TODOS LOS ESTRIBOS SE
HARAN DE ACUERDO A LA FIGURA 2
N + 0.25

e = 20
9.- LAS SEPARACIONES DE LOS ESTRIBOS VERTICALES SE EMPEZARA A

PLANTA N.P. ± 0.00

CONTAR APARTIR DE PAÑO DE APOYO, COLOCANDO EL PRIMERO A LA
MITAD DE LA SEPARACION ESPECIFICADA
10.- NO SE PERMITIRA TRASLAPAR MAS DEL 50 % DEL REFUERZO

DETALLE C 11.- EL CONCRETO SE PODRA FABRICAR EN OBRA, USANDO REVOLVEDORA

MECANICA (TROMPO). EL ADITIVO SE DEBERA PROPORCIONAR DE
ACUERDO CON LAS ESPECIFICACIONES DEL FABRICANTE Y SE

DETALLE DE PASO PROPORCIONARA AL AGUA DEL CONCRETO

50
CORTE 3-3 DE TUBO EN MURO
TIPO 13
Ø

r
Ø
BASTON N° 5 @ 15

b r = RADIO DE DOBLEZ = 4 Ø

FIGURA 1
13 Ø Ó 10 cm MINIMO

FIGURA 2
N° 4 @ 15
e = 20

DETALLE "C" N° 4 @ 15

25
N.S.T.G. + 0.90 CARRETE Ø 6" TABLA DE ANCLAJES
N° 4 @ 15
N.S.T.G. + 0.90 N.S.T.G. + 0.90 CALIBRE DIAMETRO f'c = 250 kg/cm²
N. + 0.575
N. + 0.675 N. + 0.70 N.T.D.C. + 0.325 "La" "Lg"
N.F.C.B. - 2.50 # Ø
N° 4 @ 15
90

N. + 0.25

e = 20
90

2 1/4" --- ---

N.P. ± 0.00 N.P. ± 0.00
170

2.5 5/16" 15 15

3 20 15
60

3/8"
N.F.T.G. - 0.60
N.P. - 0.80 BASTON N° 5 @ 15 N° 5 @ 15 4 1/2" 25 15
20

50
N.F.C. - 3.50
360

5 5/8" 35 15

N.F.T.G. - 0.60 6 50 20
250

3/4"
N° 5 @ 15 8 Mufar 40
1"
50 50
"La" = LONGITUD DE ANCLAJE RECTO O TRASLAPE (cm)
N° 5 @ 15 "Lg" = LONGITUD DE ANCLAJE EN ESCUADRA (cm)
N.F.C.B. - 2.50
N.P. - 2.70 CORTE 2-2
20
80

100

N.F.C. + 3.30
N.P. - 3.50
20

PLANO

CORTE X-X BASTON N° 5 @ 15

N° 5 @ 15
BASTON N° 5 @ 15 ESTRUCTURAL
N° 5 @ 15
N.F.C.B. - 2.50
AMPLIACION PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE
AGUAS RESIDUALES BIMBO-TOLUCA

20
100 50 50 100

50
CLAVE REVISADO POR

E-1
APROBADO POR

CORTE 1-1 DIBUJO ESCALA ACOTACIONES FECHA

J.C.P.A. SIN cm y m 15-JUL-1999

DURING CONSTRUCTION
OF EGSB
TO FOOD INDUSTRY
 1.00 6.50

4.00 2.50

VIEW
-

4.00
1.
30

1.00
2.50
A VIEW OF EGSB

1.50 1.00

2.50

0.35 4.00 0.35

0.35 2.50
 0.35
4.50


0.35
NANOPARTICLES & NANO COMPOSITES
MATERIALS FOR WASTE WATER
TREATMENT

CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITIES

STILL NATURE OF LAW PERMITS
MORE TO PROGRESS

BECAUSE

Pressure
Competivity,
globalization
Demand New Technology

TO MEET MODERN
SOCIETY’S DEMAND
WAHT IS NANOPARTICLES ?

Particles
Diameter <100nm
NANOCOMPOSITES

AGREGATION OF 2 OR
MORE NANOPARTICLES IS
Diameter: 10-500 nm
 ADVANTAGES

Particles: High Electric charge

Molar – Species Mass
Available readily for reaction
(coagulation)
Prehydrolysed
Property of Water
SEM DE NC/Al
FORMATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES OF
POLY ALUMIUM HYDROXIDE
SEM DE NC/Al
NC/Al (AFM)
 Comparison of Common Coagulants with
nanocomposites of Al(n)

Aluminium sulfate Ferric chloride

Ferrous sulfate Calcium Hydroxide
Nanocom

Sludge Vol.(%)

Coag.Time(min)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
 NANOTECNOLOGY

MEDICINE

ELECTRONICS FIBRE OPTIC

Nanotechnoloy
BIOTECH
CHEMICAL NANO
Faster
ENVIRONMENTAL
AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY

Smaller
AGRICULTURE
Efective
 WE OFFER
TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWHOW
EXECUTIVE ENGINEERING
SUPERVISION
OPERATOR TRAINING
PLANT START- UP
OPERATION
“THANKS...”

LET US WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE

BETTER & CLEAN ENVIRONMENT