CLADDING AND GLAZING

WHAT IS CLADDING ?

• Building cladding is the exterior skin, or envelope of a building, and includes all moisture
barriers and siding materials used to cover the outside of the structure, While the term cladding
is widely used in Europe and Australia, these exterior finish materials are typically known as
siding in North America.
• Cladding can serve both a decorative and a functional purpose. It is used to complement the
architectural style of the building while also offering protection from rain, wind, snow, and
other outside elements.
• Building cladding can also add insulation to the structure while minimizing sound transmission
through the walls.
COMPONENTS :

• Sandwiched into panels or added in the form of batts, blankets, rigid boards or fills.Eg:
Gypsum Board .
• Ease of construction between panelised systems.
• Compensate for movement.
• Holds the exterior material to the building.
• Transfers loads imposed on exterior to structural frame.
• Architectural treatment applied to interior face of supporting frame.
• Air gaps, weep holes and sealants as prevention against water leakage.
INSTALLATION SYSTEMS:

• ATTACHED SYSTEM
• CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
• INFILL SYSTEM
ATTACHED SYSTEM:

• Has exterior cladding attached directly to structural frame in large panels which span one
or more stories or bays.
• Example: precast concrete or steel-stud frames welded or bolted to attachments built into
the structural frame.
• Primary advantage: ability to fully insulate the exterior walls and protect the structural
frame from deteriorating effects of weather.
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM:

• Similar to attached system except it is attached to the structural frame with clip angles or
sub-framing.
• Examples: metal or glass walls which enclose most modern skyscrapers. Also, natural
stones and light weight precast panels.
• Primary advantage: standard design requiring less time in pre-construction and
manufacturing.
INFILL SYSTEM:

• Cladding material is installed between exterior floor slab edges and the exposed exterior
columns of the structural frame being the identifying feature.
• Example: pre-cast concrete, masonry, glass or combination of these.
• Primary advantage: installed from the interiors without relying on external scaffolding.
• Disadvantage:
1. Structural frame is difficult to insulate.
2. Differential movement between structural frame and cladding resulting additional heat
loss and heat gain to the interior environment. React to climate and change volume as
they age.
TYPES:

INTERIOR CLADDING EXTERIOR CLADDING

• TIMBER CLADDING • TERRACOTTA CLADDING
• STONE CLADDING
• PVC CLADDING
• METAL CLADDING (ACP CLADDING)
• STONE CLADDING
• STICK FRAME CLADDING
• BACKPAINTED GLASS CLADDING
• CURTAIN WALL (GLASS)
• CERAMIC CLADDING • FIBRE CEMENT CLADDING

• WALLPAPER • BRICK CLADDING

SPECIAL TYPES:

• Plasterboard is generally used to clad internal walls. It is a pliable material that can be
easily cut with a craft knife. Plasterboard should be cut a half-inch shorter than the wall
and should be nailed onto the wall framework. Jointing tape should be placed over the
joints of plasterboard to give a smooth finish.
• RAIN SCREEN CLADDING
• GREEN WALL
• WINDOW CAPPING
METHODS OF CLADDING:

• Direct Adhered - This is one of the most common methods. It is thinner, less expensive and
doesn't require any onsite drilling.
• Spot Bonding - similar to the direct adhered but epoxy is only applied to about 10% of the area
resulting in gaps or pockets of air between the stone and the wall reduces the chances of water
staining.
• Mechanical Bonding - This method involves fixed or embedded anchors or ties being used to
attach the stone to the surface.
• Aluminium/steel Backing - Aluminium panels are shaped to fit the project perfectly, and to
interlock with each other, before being mounted to the surface using runner clips. (ext.
cladding)
PROS AND CONS:

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
• Low Maintenance • Initial installation is costlier than normal paint.
• Can be easily cleaned • Needs timely maintainance.

• Protection from weatherelements • If not installed propoerly, the units tend to fall
off.
• Noise, heat control
• Installation time is huge depending on the
• Light weight
surface of the building
• Aesthetic appeal
WHAT IS GLAZING ?

• GLAZING, WHICH DERIVES FROM THE MIDDLE ENGLISH FOR 'GLASS', IS A

PART OF A WALL OR WINDOW MADE OF GLASS .
• GLAZING IS WHEN YOU PAINT A THIN LAYER OF MINERALS AND GLASS
ONTO A FIRED ORUNFIRED CERAMIC PIECE.
• THE ACT OF INSTALLING GLASS IN WINDOWS, DOORS OR FIXED OPENINGS.
• IN PRACTICALLY, IT WOULD BE THE ACTUAL INSTALLATION OF A PIECE OF
GLASSWITHIN A FRAME.
HISTORY:

• • GLAZES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO HAVE BEEN USED IN THE

DECORATION OF CERAMICSAS FAR BACK AS THE EARLY EGYPTIAN
PERIOD.
• POWDERED GLASS WAS ORIGINALLY USED AS THE BASE OF HISTORIC
GLAZES.
• MINERALS AND WATER SOLUBLE SALTS WERE ADDED WHICH ALTERED
THE COLOUR AND TEXTURE OF THE FINAL PRODUCT.
MATERIALS TO BE USED:

• GLASS - 100% RECYCLABLE MATERIAL.

• ALUMINUM -LESS WEIGHT, BUT HIGH STRENGTH.
• SILICONE SEALANTS - SAND GEL USED FOR BONDING GLASS.
• EPDM - ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DI AMINE MONOMER. WEATHERPROOF
JOINT SEALANTS. TO PREVENT WATER AND AIR ENTERING. TEMPERATURE
UNTO 110 DEGREE KELVIN.
• STAINLESS STEEL – USED AS FRAMING MATERIALS.
MATERIALS:

• STRUCTURAL FRAMING - The design professional specifies the structural framing members in accordance with design parameters of
the building project. The structural framing is normally fabricated from an aluminum alloy and may be either anodized or finished with an
architectural coating. If an architectural coating is applied, it must be done in-shop by a licensed applicator in strict conformance with the
manufacturer's specification and quality control procedures. Anodized coatings on aluminum tend to be variable, and may create problems
for silicone adhesion if not strictly monitored.
• GLASS - Glass type normally used is clear vision glass, which may be tinted or treated with a reflective coating. Other types of glass
considered by the design professional include: annealed, heat strengthened, tempered, laminated, or insulating glass. Considerations - if the
glass is treated with a reflective coating, low E coating, or an opacifier (as with some spandrel types), structural silicone sealant adhesion to,
and compatibility with, this coating must be verified. If insulating glass is used, it shall be a high quality, dual-seal unit with a silicone
secondary seal in compliance with local specification.
• STRUCTURAL SILICONE SEALANTS - The sealant selection is made based on several factors, including: the type of System being
used, the design parameters to be met and the requirements of the glazing contractors, only high strength silicone sealants specifically
designed tested for structural glazing shall be used. General or multi purpose silicone sealants not specifically designer for structural glazing.
WHY GLAZING ?

• STRUCTURALLY GLAZED SYSTEMS CREATE A GREATER TRANSPARENCY THAN TRADITIONAL CAPTURED SYSTEMS.
• THERE ARE LESS VISUAL INTERRUPTIONS DUE TO THE LACK OF METAL ON THE EXTERIOR (AND POTENTIALLY THE
INTERIOR), CREATING A SEAMLESS, CONTINUOUS GLASS LOOK.
• TRADITIONAL CAPTURED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS HAVE PRESSURE PLATES AND CAPS THAT CAN CONDUCT LARGE
AMOUNTS OF HEAT IN OR OUT OF THE FAÇADE DEPENDINGON THE SEASON.
• SINCE THERE IS LITTLE TO NO EXPOSED EXTERIOR METAL, THERE IS ALSO LESS THERMAL BRIDGING WITH
STRUCTURAL GLAZING, SAVING ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION COSTS.
• NEW TECHNOLOGY AND BETTER INTEGRATION WITH DAYLIGHTING AND CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS
ALLOWADVANCED GLAZING IN BUILDING FACADES TO :
• 1) IMPROVE THE COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE OFBUILDING OCCUPANTS.
• 2) ASSIST IN NATIONAL AND GLOBAL EFFORTS TO REDUCE.
TYPES:

STRUCTURAL GLAZING : CURTAIN WALLS :

• BOLTED GLAZING • STICK SYSTEM
• CABLE STAYED GLAZING • UNITIZED SYSTEM
• FIN SUPPORTED GLAZING
DIFFERENCE:

STRUCTURAL GLAZING CURTAIN WALL

• STRUCTURAL GLAZING IS A SYSTEM OF BONDING GLASS TO A • A CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM IS AN OUTER COVERING OF A BUILDING IN
BUILDING'S STRUCTURAL FRAMING MEMBERS UTILIZING A HIGH WHICH THE OUTER WALLS ARE NON-STRUCTURAL, UTILIZED TO KEEP
STRENGTH, HIGH PERFORMANCE SILICONE SEALANT SPECIFICALLY THE WEATHER OUT AND THE OCCUPANTS IN. SINCE THE CURTAIN
DESIGNED AND TESTED FOR STRUCTURAL GLAZING IN STRUCTURAL WALL IS NON-STRUCTURAL, IT CAN BE MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT
GLAZING APPLICATIONS, DYNAMIC WIND LOADS ARE TRANSFERRED MATERIALS, THEREBY REDUCING CONSTRUCTION COSTS.
FROM THE GLASS, BY THE STRUCTURAL
• CURTAIN WALLS TYPICALLY SPAN ONLY FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR, THE
• STRUCTURAL GLASS FAÇADE TECHNOLOGY EMBRACES A DESIGN PRIMARY SPANNING MEMBER BEING AN ALUMINUM EXTRUSION.
OBJECTIVE OF HIGH TRANSPARENCY AND EXPRESSED STRUCTURE, CURTAIN WALLS ARE SEPARATE FROM THE BUILDING FRAMING
AND INCORPORATES SOME TYPE OF GLASS AS THE CLADDING SYSTEM, BUT ATTACHED TO AND SUPPORTED BY IT.
MATERIAL.
• THE PANEL STRUCTURE MAY BE EXPRESSED, OR
• THE FACADES ARE USED IN LONGER SPANNING APPLICATIONSWHERE COMPLETELYCOVERED ON BOTH THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE
AN ALUMINUM EXTRUSION AS THE PRIMARY SPANNINGMEMBER BUILDING.
BECOMES IMPRACTICAL OR IMPOSSIBLE.
PROS AND CONS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Use of glass in construction work adds beauty to the building.

• Its use fulfills the architectural view for the external decoration and beauty. • It is very costly and may increase the budgeted cost of construction work.
• Using glass in interior of the building saves the space inside the building. • Use of glass also enhances the cost of security.
• Glass cladding in building fulfills the functional requirement of lighting • Its use in hilly are and desert may cause more maintenance cost.
heat retention and energy saving.
• It is also unsafe for earthquake proven are.
• The glass is an excellent material for thermal insulation, waterproofing,
and energy conservation.

• The glass is a bad conductor of heat, hence it saves energy in air

conducting of the building.

• Glass cladding use appears a sense of openness and harmonious.

• Toughened glass can have a good interior design with the use of glass in
the transparent staircase, colored shelves, ceiling etc.
 THANKYOU
SUBMITTED BY MICHELLE GEEJO AND AKASH HALDER
3RD YEAR 5TH SEM
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION