MODELS OF

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN NATIONS AND STATES
 STUDENT HANDOUT

FRONT BACK
 Match the locations with the
Match the name with the
correct graph..some will have
graph on the opposite side.
more than one country.
Albanians
Country 1 Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium
Country 3
Bretons in France
Canada
former U.S.S.R.
Country 2
Germany
1. Ethnic Exclave
2. Multi-National State
Hungarians in Romania
3. Stateless Nation Iceland
4. Ethnic Enclave Japan
5. “Perfect” Nation-State Kurds
6. Bi-National State
7. Multi-State Nation Palestinians
8. Irredentism
 Match the locations with the

A correct graph. Some will have

more than one country.

Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium
Bretons in France 1. Ethnic Enclave
Canada 2. Multi-National State
former U.S.S.R. 3. Stateless Nation
4. Ethnic Enclave
Germany
5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Hungarians in Romania 6. Bi-National State
Iceland 7. Multi-State Nation
Japan 8. Irredentism
Kurds
Palestinians

STATELESS NATION
EXAMPLE COMPLETED WITH CLASS
 A

STATELESS NATION - KURDS: AN ANCIENT

GROUP WITH A DISTINCTIVE LANGUAGE AND
CULTURE, AND CONCENTRATE IN TURKEY,
IRAN, AND IRAQ. SMALLER NUMBERS LIVE IN
SYRIA, ARMENIA, AND AZERBAIJAN.
 B
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium 1. Ethnic Exclave
Bretons in France 2. Multi-National State
Canada 3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
Germany 5. “Perfect” Nation-State
6. Bi-National State
Hungarians in Romania
7. Multi-State Nation
Iceland 8. Irredentism
Japan
Kurds
Palestinians

“Perfect” Nation-State
 92% Icelander

Iceland’s Ethnic Groups

 B

“Perfect” Nation-State - Icelanders: Although they are of Northern

European origin, the people who live on the island of Iceland have
evolved as a nation of their own. Virtually the entire population of
Iceland is today comprised of Icelanders and few Icelanders live
anywhere else in the world. Another example is Japan: Occupied by
a distinct nation, or people.
 C
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium 1. Ethnic Exclave
Bretons in France 2. Multi-National State
Canada 3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Germany
6. Bi-National State
Hungarians in Romania 7. Multi-State Nation
Iceland 8. Irredentism
Japan
Kurds
Palestinians

Bi-National State
BELGIUM’S LANGUAGES
 C

Bi-National State - Flemings and Walloons in Belgium:

Although the map would encourage us to think that the people
who live in Belgium are Belgians, this is not necessarily true.
Instead, the people of northern Belgium identify themselves as
Flemings, and the people of southern Belgium identify
themselves as Walloons.
 D
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium 1. Ethnic Exclave
Bretons in France 2. Multi-National State
Canada 3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Germany
6. Bi-National State
Hungarians in Romania 7. Multi-State Nation
Iceland 8. Irredentism
Japan
Kurds
Palestinians

Irredentism
 D

Irredentism - Albanians: Most of the people who

identify themselves as Albanians live in the Republic
of Albania. However, the southernmost part of
Yugoslavia, an area bordering Albania known as
Kosovo, is about 90 percent Albanian.
 E
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium 1. Ethnic Exclave
Bretons in France 2. Multi-National State
Canada 3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
Germany 5. “Perfect” Nation-State
6. Bi-National State
Hungarians in Romania
7. Multi-State Nation
Iceland 8. Irredentism
Japan
Kurds
Palestinians

Ethnic Exclave
 E

Ethnic Exclave (outside bits of one country inside another country)

- Hungarians: The state of Hungary emerged out of the Austro-
Hungarian Empire after World War I, but with a very restrictive set
of boundaries. Although most of the people who live in Hungary are
Hungarians, there are minorities in surrounding countries, including
a pocket of Hungarians in the middle of Romania.
 F
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium
Bretons in France 1. Ethnic Exclave
2. Multi-National State
Canada
3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
Germany 5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Hungarians in Romania 6. Bi-National State
Iceland 7. Multi-State Nation
Japan 8. Irredentism
Kurds
Palestinians

Multi-National State
BOSNIA
 F

Multi-National State - Former U.S.S.R.: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

was born of the Russian Empire in 1917. It encompassed over 100 different
nationalities, fifteen of which were assigned Union Republic status. The Soviet
Union ceased to exist on December 26, 1991, in part because of the “nationalities
problem.” Another example is Canada: It contains three distinct nations (native
Canadians and British and French origins) and has two official languages, English
and French.
 G
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium
Bretons in France 1. Ethnic Exclave
2. Multi-National State
Canada
3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
Germany 5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Hungarians in Romania 6. Bi-National State
Iceland 7. Multi-State Nation
Japan 8. Irredentism
Kurds
Palestinians

Ethnic Enclave
 G

Ethnic Enclave (completely surrounded by another state but not

controlling it) - Bretons and Basques in France: In France, the concept
of being French permeates virtually everyone who lives there.
Nevertheless, two minorities on the mainland are distinctly non-
French, the Basques of the southwest, and the Bretons of the
peninsula known as Brittany.
 H
Albanians
Austria
Basques in Spain
Belgium 1. Ethnic Exclave
Bretons in France 2. Multi-National State
Canada 3. Stateless Nation
former U.S.S.R. 4. Ethnic Enclave
5. “Perfect” Nation-State
Germany
6. Bi-National State
Hungarians in Romania 7. Multi-State Nation
Iceland 8. Irredentism
Japan
Kurds
Palestinians

Multi-State Nation
 H

Multi-State Nation - Germans: There are two German

states in Europe, Germany and Austria. In addition,
about 70 percent of Switzerland’s population is
German-speaking, most of who live on the German and
Austrian sides of Switzerland.
 Match the locations with the
Match the name with the
correct graph..some will have
graph on the opposite side.
more than one country.
Albanians
Austria
3 5 Basques in Spain
Belgium
Bretons in France
6 8 Canada
former U.S.S.R.
Germany
1 2 Hungarians in Romania
Iceland
Japan
4 7 Kurds
Palestinians
E

A
G
B

C
H
D
REVIEW
Which would the following
be an example of:
1. Aborigines
Stateless Nation
2. United States
Multi-National State
3. Russians in Kazakhstan
Irredentism
4. South Korea
“Perfect” Nation-State
5. Chinatown in NYC
Ethnic Enclave or Exclave
6. Icelanders in Canada
Ethnic Exclave or Enclave
7. Argentina and Uruguay
Multi-State Nation
8. Potential Solution to
Israel-Palestine Issue
Bi-National State