 Also known as conn’s

syndrome
 Too much excretion of
aldosterone from the
adrenal glands

HYPERALDOSTERON
ISM
 Types of
hyperaldosteronism
I. PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM
- caused by an abnormality in the adrenal gland that causes it to produce too much
aldosterone, usually due to a benign tumor in the gland.

II. SSECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

- caused by an underlying disease or condition, such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of
the liver, or kidney disease, that leads to increased aldosterone production.

2
Idiopathic Hyperaldosteronism
(Increase aldosterone)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Conn Syndrome (Tumor) Hyperkalemia Stress-Induced
Familial Hyperaldostrone (Genetic) Low Potassium neuroenducrine
High Soduim Response(increased
High blood volume and pressure ACTH)

Chronic high blood pressure

Increased renin
Excess aldosterone production
Increased Renin Production

Hyperaldosterone

3
 RISK FACTORS
 Age
RISK  Gender
 Family history
FACTO  High blood pressure
RS 

Kidney disease
Obstructive sleep apnea
 Adrenal tumors
 Medications
 Obesity
 Chronic stress
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 High blood pressure
 Low level of potassium in the blood
 Feeling tired all the time

“
 Headache
 Muscle weakness
 Numbness
 Frequent urination
 N/V
 Confusion
5
 Lightheadedness
 CAUSES of Primary
Hyperaldosteronism
◇ IDIOPATHIC HYPERALDOSTERONISM
◇ CONN SYNDROME

“
◇ FAMILIAL HYPERALDOSTERONISM

6
 CAUSES of Secondary
Hyperaldosteronism
◇ Excess production of aldosterone in response
to high levels of renin

“
7
 COMPLICATIONS
 HPN or Increased Blood Pressure
 Hypokalemia
 Hypernatremia

“
 Metabolic Alkalosis

8
DIAGNOSTICS
DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS INCLUDE:

01 Blood tests

02 Urine tests

03 Imaging test

Adrenal vein sampling test

04

05 Genetic testing
SURGERY
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

MEDIATION
Spironolactone

Aldosterone- blocking
Phases of Surgical
Procedure
 PRE-OPERATIVE
Medication Manage blood pressure and electrolyte
management imbalances before surgery.

Caused imbalance due to the effects of

Electrolyte
aldosterone. Electrolyte imbalances can
monitoring lead to complications during and after the
surgery.

Blood pressure Minimize the risk of complications

control during and after the procedure.
 INTRAOPERATIVE
Anesthesia Receive appropriate anesthesia during
management the procedure

Surgical
technique Starting of the procedure
 POST-OPERATIVE
Postoperative Closed monitoring
monitoring

Pain Ensure patient comfort and prevent

management complications

Electrolyte Prevent complications such as

management hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.

Blood pressure Prevent complications such as

management hypotension or hypertension

Follow-up care Ensure a successful recovery.

 TREATMENT
◇ Surgery
◇ Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
-A minimally invasive surgical procedure that removes one or

“
both of the adrenal glands.

◇ Adrenalectomy
-Removal of one or both adrenal glands via open surgery

◇ Radiofrequency ablation
-Heat is used to destroy the overactive tissue in the adrenal
16 glands
 TREATMENT
◇ Medications
◇ Potassium-sparing diuretic

“
 Spironolactone
 Eplerenone
 Amiloride

17
 TREATMENT
◇ Medications
◇ Beta-blockers

“
◇ Clonidine
◇ Methyldopa

18
 TREATMENT
◇ Medications
◇ Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE)
inhibitors

“  Benazepril
 Captopril
 Fosinopril

19
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS
◇ Monitor patient for signs and symptoms of
electrolyte imbalance such as fatigue, weakness,
muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and

“
confusion.
◇ Provide patient and family education about the
importance of adherence to dietary and lifestyle
modifications, including avoiding high-salt
foods, increase foods high in potassium and
increasing physical activity.
20
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS
◇ Monitor patient’s BP regularly
◇ Administer medications as prescribed

“
21
HYPOALDOSTERONISM
HYPOALDOSTERONISM
- Is a medical conditions characterized by low level of
aldosterone hormone in the body.
• Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the
adrenal glands that helps regulate the balance of salt and
water in our body.

TYPES OF HYPOALDOSTERONISM
• Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
• Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism
 HYPOALDOSTERONISM

AGE
GENDER Diabetes Mellitus

• Weakness
Sickle Cell Anemia
• Chronic Hyponatremia
Fatigue
• Nausea Vitiligo
• vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Salt craving
• Palpitations HIV
• Lightheadedne Hyperkalemia
ss
• Anorexia Pernicious Anemia
• Weight loss
• Dizziness
Hypoparathyroidism

• Blood Test
• Urine Test • Low Potassium Hypopituitarism
• Electrolyte Panel • Adrenalectomy Diet w/
• ACTH Stimulation • Renal Artery Increase
Test Revascularization Sodium Intake Myasthenia Gravi’s
• Fludrocortisone • Kidney Transplant • Medications
Suppression Test
CAUSES:
• Autoimmune destruction of
the adrenal cortex
• Infection
• hemorrhage
• Congenital adrenal hyper-
plasia
• Adrenalectomy
COMPLICATIONS:
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Dehydration
• Hypotension
• Metabolic acidosis
Risk Factors
Diabetes mellitus
Sickle Cell Anemia
HIV
Vitiligo
Pernicious Anemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypopituitarism
Myasthenia Gravis
Signs and Symptoms
• Chronic Fatigue
• Low Blood Pressure
• Lightheadedness
• Palpitations
• Muscle Weakness
• Anorexia
• Weight loss
• Salt Craving
• Dizziness
DIAGNOSTICS
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL INCLUDE:
01 Blood tests

02 Urine tests

03 Electrolyte panel

04 ACTH stimulation test

05 Fludrocortisone
suppression test
Types of Surgical
Procedure
SURGICAL PROCEDURES INCLUDE:
01 Adrenalectomy

02 Renal artery
revascularization

03 Kidney transplant
Phases of Surgical
Procedure
 PRE-OPERATIVE
Manage blood pressure and
Medication
electrolyte imbalances before
management surgery.

Electrolyte Caused imbalance due to the effects of

monitoring aldosterone. Electrolyte imbalances
can lead to complications during and
after the surgery.

Minimize the risk of

Blood pressure complications during and
control after the procedure.
 INTRAOPERATIVE
Anesthesia
management
Receive appropriate anesthesia
during the procedure

Surgical
technique Starting of the procedure
 POST-OPERATIVE
Postoperative Closed monitoring
monitoring

Pain Ensure patient comfort and prevent

management complications

Electrolyte Prevent complications such as

management hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.

Blood pressure Prevent complications such as

management hypotension or hypertension

Follow-up care Ensure a successful recovery.

TREATMENT
Treatment offered for hypoaldosteronism depends on the
underlying cause:

• LOW-POTASSIUM Diet with INCREASED Sodium

intake
• Medication induced- NSAIDs or heparin or any
medication used to treat heart failure must be stopped
can caused hypoaldosteronism
• Medications:
* Fludrocortisone
* Glucocorticoids
NURSING INTERVENTION

• Encourage increased of sodium diet

• Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
• Monitor for hypoglycemia and hypotension
• Administer medications as advised by doctors
 Thanks!

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