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    Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

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    Mark Jay Aquillo
    The document discusses electric potential and potential energy, defining electric potential as the potential energy per unit charge and explaining that electric potential increases when a charge moves opposite an electric field and decreases when moving with the field. It also covers calculating electric potential energy between point charges and using equipotential lines and surfaces to represent places of constant potential.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mark Jay Aquillo
    55 views28 pages
    The document discusses electric potential and potential energy, defining electric potential as the potential energy per unit charge and explaining that electric potential increases when a charge moves opposite an electric field and decreases when moving with the field. It also covers calculating electric potential energy between point charges and using equipotential lines and surfaces to represent places of constant potential.

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    Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy.pptx

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    The document discusses electric potential and potential energy, defining electric potential as the potential energy per unit charge and explaining that electric potential increases when a charge moves opposite an electric field and decreases when moving with the field. It also covers calculating electric potential energy between point charges and using equipotential lines and surfaces to represent places of constant potential.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views28 pages

    Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mark Jay Aquillo
    The document discusses electric potential and potential energy, defining electric potential as the potential energy per unit charge and explaining that electric potential increases when a charge moves opposite an electric field and decreases when moving with the field. It also covers calculating electric potential energy between point charges and using equipotential lines and surfaces to represent places of constant potential.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

    AND ELECTRIC
    POTENTIAL ENERGY
    OBJECTIVES
    1. Relate the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field.
    2. Determine the electric potential function at any point due to highly symmetric continuous-
    charge distributions.
    3. Infer the direction and strength of electric field vector, nature of the electric field sources,
    and electrostatic potential surfaces given the equipotential lines Define the work done by
    the electric force.
    4. Calculate the electric field in the region given a mathematical function describing its
    potential in a region of space.
    5. Solve problems involving electric potential energy and electric potentials.
    In an electric field, a charge has
    potential energy relative to
    its position. When a positive
    charge q is accelerated in an
    electric field, the charge has
    gains kinetic electric energy.
    If the electric force is conservative, then the work done by this force
    on a charged particle moving from point a to point a can be expressed
    in terms of the electric potential energy 𝑼

    The work done is equal to the negative of the change in electric


    potential energy.
    Whether the test charge is positive or negative, the following general
    rules apply:

    1.U increases if a test charge moves in the direction opposite to the


    electric force acting on it.
    2.U decreases if a test charge moves in the same direction as the
    electric force acting on it.
    Electric Potential Energy of Point Charges The electric potential
    energy for two point charges, q1 and q0, separated by a distance r
    (see Figure 2.2) is given as
    The electric potential energy for a test charge qo in the electric field
    produced by a collection of charges (see Figure 2.3) is given by
    The electric potential energy for a test charge qo in the electric field
    produced by a collection of charges (see Figure 2.3) is given by
    The electric potential energy for a test charge qo in the electric field
    produced by a collection of charges (see Figure 2.3) is given by
    A more general equation to determine the total electric potential
    energy of the system
    Electric Potential
    Electric Potential (V) is defined as the potential energy per unit
    charge. The electric potential energy is shown by two elements, the
    charge possessed by the object itself and the position relative to an
    object with respect to electrically charged objects. The magnitude of
    electric potential is dependent on the amount of work done in moving
    the object from one point to another against the electric field.
    Electric Potential
    When an object is moved against the electric field it gains amount of
    energy which is the electric potential energy. In a given charge the
    electric potential energy is the total work done by an external agent in
    bringing the system of charges from continuity to the present without
    any acceleration. It is obtained by dividing potential energy to the
    quantity of charge.
    Electric Potential
    Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity. It is measured in terms
    of Joules.

    Unit of Electric Potential: I Volt, V = 1 J/C


    Electric Potential
    Given the sizes of each charge and the distance between them, the electric
    potential energy they have relative to each other can be calculated. This is
    assuming the two charges can be treated as point charges, which are where all
    the charge is concentrated at an exact point in space.
    1. The potential of infinity is defined to be zero.
    2. If a point charge is positive, the electric potential of the charge is positive.
    When moving a charge from infinity to this point, the electric potential
    increases above a zero level.
    3. If a point charge is negative, the electric potential of the charge negative.
    When moving a charge from infinity to this point, the electric energy
    decreases below a zero level.
    Electric Potential
    1. Moving along the direction of the electric field, 𝐸⃑,⃑ in both positive and
    negative point charges, the electric potential V decreases. Otherwise, the
    potential 𝑉 increases (see Figure 2.4).
    Electric Potential
    Electric Potential

    The potential difference between two points can be expressed as a


    line integral given by
    Electric Potential
    Equipotential Line An equipotential is a line surface over which the electric potential
    (V) is constant at every point. Electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotentials.
    Electric Potential
    Equipotential Surface An equipotential surface is one on which all points are at the
    same potential. The potential difference between any two points on an equipotential
    surface is zero; there is no work done to move a charge between two points.
    Characteristics of Equipotential Surfaces
    1. No work is done to move a charge between two points on the same equipotential
    surface.
    2. Electric filed lines are perpendicular to equipotential surface.
    3. The surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface.
    Electric Potential
    Equipotential Surface

    An equipotential surface is one on which all points are at the same potential. The
    potential difference between any two points on an equipotential surface is zero; there
    is no work done to move a charge between two points. Characteristics of
    Equipotential Surfaces

    1. No work is done to move a charge between two points on the same equipotential
    surface.
    2. Electric filed lines are perpendicular to equipotential surface.
    3. The surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface.
    Electric Potential
    1. Two point charges q1=-e and q2=+e are located on the x-axis at x=0 and x=a
    respectively.
    a) Find the work that must be done in bringing a third charge q3=+e from infinity to
    x=2a
    b) Find the total potential energy of these three point charges.
    Electric Potential
    1. Two point charges q1=-e and q2=+e are located on the x-axis at x=0 and x=a
    respectively.
    a) Find the work that must be done in bringing a third charge q3=+e from infinity to
    x=2a
    b) Find the total potential energy of these three point charges.
    Electric Potential
    1. Two point charges q1=-e and q2=+e are located on the x-axis at x=0 and x=a
    respectively.
    a) Find the work that must be done in bringing a third charge q3=+e from infinity to
    x=2a
    b) Find the total potential energy of these three point charges.
    Electric Potential
    In the figure shown, assume that 𝑟12 = 𝑟13 = 𝑟23 = 12 𝑐𝑚, and that q1=+q, q2=-4q and q3=+2q
    where q=150nC. What is the potential energy of the system?
    Electric Potential
    A proton (+q = +1.602 x 10-19C) moves along a straight line from point a to point b with a
    separation distance d = 0.50m. Considering the electric field along this line is uniform with
    magnitude of 1.50 x 107V/m and directed from point a to point b. Determine: a) the force on
    the proton b) the work done on it by the field (in Joules & eV units) c) the potential difference
    (Vab)
    Electric Potential
    A proton (+q = +1.602 x 10-19C) moves along a straight line from point a to point b with a
    separation distance d = 0.50m. Considering the electric field along this line is uniform with
    magnitude of 1.50 x 107V/m and directed from point a to point b. Determine: a) the force on the
    proton b) the work done on it by the field (in Joules & eV units) c) the potential difference
    (Vab)
    Electric Potential
    A proton (+q = +1.602 x 10-19C) moves along a straight line from point a to point b with a
    separation distance d = 0.50m. Considering the electric field along this line is uniform with
    magnitude of 1.50 x 107V/m and directed from point a to point b. Determine: a) the force on the
    proton b) the work done on it by the field (in Joules & eV units) c) the potential difference
    (Vab)

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