Opening Prayer

Opening Prayer
Our Father in Heaven, once again we thank you for giving us another
opportunity to come together as a class and to start another day to learn again.
Before we start our online class, we ask for your guidance and wisdom so that
we could attend to our classes very well as well as absorb and understand our
lessons easier and well.
Help us and guide us to be attentive to our lessons and help us understand it
that we may use it in our upcoming activities and examinations.
Lord, help our minds to absorb each lesson our teacher teaches us and guide
every activity they teach us. Help us to be responsible enough in our modules
and other activities that our teacher will give.
All this we ask, Jesus name, Amen.

DR. JOSE PROTACIO
MERCADO RIZAL
ALONZO Y REALONDA
MEANINGS OF NAME
• Doctor- completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the
degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid
• Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint
San Jose (St. Joseph)
• Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar
• Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the paternal great-great-
grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’
in English
• Rizal- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut
while still green, sprouts again
• Alonzo- old surname of his mother
• Y- and
• Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her
godmother based on the culture by that time
• June 19, 1861- moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and
midnight Jose Rizal was born in the lakeshore town of Calamba,
Laguna
• June 22, 1861- aged three days old, Rizal was baptized in the
Catholic church
• Father Rufino Collantes - a Batangueño, the parish priest who
baptized Rizal
• Father Pedro Casanas - Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba
and close friend of the Rizal family
• Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery - the governor general of the
Philippines when Rizal was born
RIZAL’S PARENTS
• Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898) • Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-
-born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818 1911)
-studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of -born in Manila on November 8, 1826
San Jose in Manila -educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a
-became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican- well-known college for girls in the city
owned hacienda -a remarkable woman, possessing refined
-a hardy and independent-minded man, who culture, literary talent, business ability, and
talked less and worked more, and was strong in the fortitude of Spartan women
body and valiant in spirit -is a woman of more than ordinary culture:
-died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of she knows literature and speaks Spanish
80 (according to Rizal)
-Rizal affectionately called him “a model of -died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the
fathers” age of 85
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
Eleven children—two boys and nine girls
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
- oldest of the Rizal children

- nicknamed Neneng
- married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas
2. Paciano (1851-1930)
- older brother and confident of Jose Rizal

- was a second father to Rizal
- immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
- Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos”
- became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution
- died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79
- had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl
3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
- her pet name was Sisa
- married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
- Ypia was her pet name
- married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
- married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas
- Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law
of Dr. Rizal
6. Maria (1859-1945)
- Biang was her nickname

- Married Daniel Fautino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna
7. Jose (1861-1896)
- the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

- nickname was Pepe
- lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong
- had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named
him “Francisco” after his father and buried him in Dapitan
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
- her pet name was Concha
- died of sickness at the age of 3
- her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
- her pet name was Panggoy

- died an old maid at the age of 80
10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

-Trining was her pet name
- she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83
11. Soledad (1870-1929)

- youngest of the Rizal children
- her pet name was Choleng
- married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
• Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita
(if single)
• Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28,

1848, after which they settled down in Calamba
• The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted
in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose
Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese)
• Rizal’s family acquired a second surname—Rizal—which was given by a

Spanish alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a
family friend
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
THE RIZAL HOME
- was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish
times
- it was a two - storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and
hard-woods and roofed with red tiles
- by day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the
birds in the garden; by night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers

• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines
• The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA
- Calamba was named after a big native jar
- Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order,
which also owned all the lands around it
• Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)- a poem about

Rizal’s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old
and was student in the Ateneo de Manila
• The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family
garden when he was three years old
• Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall,
Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the
Angelus
• Another memory of Rizal’s infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town,
especially when there was a moon
• The death of little Concha brought Rizal his first sorrow
• At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in the family prayers
• When Rizal was five years old, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family
bible
• The Story of the Moth- made the profoundest impression on Rizal
• -“died a martyr to its illusions”
• At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in
clay and wax objects which attracted his fancy
• Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children)- Rizal’s first poem in native
language at the age of eight
• -reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment
• At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog
comedy
INFLUENCES ON THE HERO’S BOYHOOD
1. Hereditary Influence
2. Environmental Influence
3. Aid of Divine Providence
• Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in British
school in Calcutta, India and had traveled in Europe
inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability
• Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man, encouraged
Rizal to develop his frail body by means of physical
exercises
• Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s
voracious reading of good book
• Father Leoncio Lopez- the old and learned parish priest
of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty
EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND
BIÑAN
• The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was remarkable woman of good
character and fine culture
• —her mother
• Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
• Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal’s second tutor
• Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that
instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. He died five months later
• Sunday afternoon in June, 1869- Rizal left Calamba for Biñan accompanied by
Paciano
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- Rizal’s teacher in a private school in Biñan
- Rizal described his teacher as follows: He was thin, long-necked, with a sharp nose and a
body slightly bent forward
•
Pedro - the teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to a fight
• Andres Salandanan - challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match
• Juancho -an old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give
Rizal lessons in drawing and painting
• Jose Guevara - Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, became apprentices of the
old painter
• “the favorite painters of the class”- because of his artistic talent
• Christmas in 1870 - Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of
the arrival of the steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba
• Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870 - Rizal left Biñan after one year and a half of
schooling
• Arturo Camps - a Frenchman friend of Rizal’s father who took care of him on board
DAILY LIFE IN BIÑAN
- Heard the four o’ clock mass then at ten o’ clock went home at once
and went at school at two and came out at five
- The day was unusual when Rizal was not laid out on a bench and
given five or six blows because of fighting
MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA
• Night of January 20, 1872- about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen
of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Lamadrid, Filipino
sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their usual
privileges
• Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora- were
executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by order of Governor General
Izquierdo
• The martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za in 1872 truly inspired Rizal to fight the
evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his oppressed people
• Rizal dedicated his second novel, El Filibusterismo, to Gom-Bur-Za
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER
• Before June, 1872- Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious

charge that she and her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s
perfidious wife
• Antonio Vivencio del Rosario- Calamba’s gobernadorcillo, help arrest
Doña Teodora
• After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to
walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna province), a distance
of 50 kilometers
• Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where she
languished for two years and a half
• Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan- the most famous
lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora
Closing Prayer
Dear Father and Lord of all, thank you for our school
and everybody who works and studies in it. We are so
grateful for all the things we have learnt today. Be with
us now as we journey home. Please keep us safe and
watch over all our families and friends. In the name of
Jesus we pray. Amen.

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Opening Prayer

All this we ask, Jesus name, Amen.

- oldest of the Rizal children

- older brother and confident of Jose Rizal

- Biang was her nickname

- the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

- her pet name was Panggoy

10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

11. Soledad (1870-1929)

• Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28,

• Rizal’s family acquired a second surname—Rizal—which was given by a

• Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)- a poem about

• Before June, 1872- Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious

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