ANTONIO CAMAY PAULITE II

Police superintendent 0-11927

District Director, IAS EPD

•2010 Awardee of Special Individual Recognition by QCPD, NCRPO

•PNP IAS Junior Police Commissioned Officer of the Year 2009
•BS in Criminology, University of St. Anthony, Class of 1984
•MA in Public Administration, Class of 2000
•PNP NarGroup (Rank #1) Lateral Entrance 1999
•PRC, Criminology Licensure (1997)
•MPF, Batch ‘53 (1986)
•Faculty Member ICCT Colleges Foundation, Inc
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

“Does killing the suspect which was not yet proven guilty by a
competent court, although he is the perpetrator of the crime is
Justice?” ... Mother of a Rape Victim
A COMPARISON

The American Criminal Justice System… a comparison

 
The American view of Criminal Justice System evolves through
their Jury Justice Approach. The Police, the Courts and the Corrections
are structured based into it, with the key components of Probation,
Parole and Juvenile wherein the goal is to rehabilitate them rather
punishing them.
A COMPARISON

Where all share common goals; protection of society,

maintenance of order and prevention of crime. American Criminal
Justice System functions under the following operational process with
each component relevantly linked with every other, such as:
- Police Officer arresting Criminal
- Prosecutor files case against the defendant
- The Court is concerned with the cases to be litigated for trial
- Probation Officer supervises low-risk, non-serious law violators
- Correctional Institution controls prisoners
- The Parole Board selects inmates ready for re-entry into society
- Parole Board advises and supervises the more serious recidivists and
hardened criminal
A COMPARISON
The three (3) Pillars of American Criminal Justice System is interacted
with each other:
- The Police interacts much more frequently with the Prosecutor’s Office
than with the Courts
- In turn, the number of defendant’s prosecuted and the charges brought by
the prosecutor affect judicial operation
- The sentencing decisions of the court affect the size and composition of
probation case-loads, prison population, the management of correctional
institutions and the work of parole boards
- Decisions by the parole board concerning which inmates would be granted
parole, and when, set the boundaries for what parole officers can
accomplish
- The effectiveness of the parole officers with their case-loads will affect the
crime rate through recidivism, the public’s fear of crime, and the activities of
police officers who arrest the same violators time and again
A COMPARISON
The five-pillar scheme in the Philippine Criminal Justice System expands
to include the Prosecution and the Community:
-The Police as the prime mover, the police gather evidence and conduct
investigation for the apprehension and arresting the suspected law violator.
-The Prosecutor conducts preliminary inquiry based on the evidence and
testimonies gathered by the law enforcement agency to determine if they have
Prima Facie Evidence on filing the case to the Court for trial. If not, they will
dismiss/drop the case against the respondent.
-The Court conducts trial to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused. If
found guilty, a penalty will be imposed against him, on the other hand, if not, he
will be acquitted.
-The Correction will take custody of the convicted for rehabilitation and
reformation, not for punishment.
-The Community accepts the re-entry of the reformed offender into its fold as a
new citizen.
  CRIME IS MULTI-FACETED

 a social problem,
 a political problem,
 a spiritual problem, and
 an economic problem
 “the process in a community by which a crime
is investigated, and the person(s) suspected for the
commission thereof is/are taken into legal custody
for prosecution in court and for punishment, if
found guilty, with provisions being made for the
correction and/or rehabilitation of the offender(s)
to ensure renewed assimilation into mainstream
society after service of sentence”.
 5
PILLARS
OF THE
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

E P C
N R O C
F O R O
C
O S R M
O
L R E E M
U
A C C C U
R
W E U T N
T
M T I I
S
E I O T
N O N Y
T N S
 COMMUNITY

Law
VIOLATOR Prose- Correc-
Enforce- Judicial
cution tional
ment

Flow of Violators through the Criminal Justice System

(Philippine System)
 The Five (5) Pillars of
Philippine Criminal Justice System

A. Law Enforcement

members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) -

prime enforcers of the law

members of the National Bureau of Investigation

(NBI) - which is under the Department of Justice.
 I. The Philippine National Police (PNP)

Creation/Nature/Powers and Functions.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution itself mandates that

there should be one police force that is national in
scope and civilian in character, and on the basis of
this constitutional precept, Republic Act No. 6975
created the Philippine National Police as the premier
law enforcement agency that has the following
powers and functions :
a. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;

b. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;

c. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;

d. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance
with the Constitution and pertinent laws;

e. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;

f. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with
law;

g. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private
detectives, for the practice of their profession; and

h. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by
law.
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (PER RA 6975)

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF PNP

OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR GENERAL

OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY
FOR ADMINISTRATION THE DIRECTORIAL STAFF CHIEF FOR OPERATIONS
DIRECTORIAL STAFF

PERSONNEL & HUMAN POLICE

COMTROL- RESOURCE & RESEARCH & INVESTIGA-
RECORDS LOGISTICS PLANS DOCTRINE COMMUNITY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
LERSHIP DEVELOPMENT TION
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT RELATIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT UNITS OPERATIONA SUPPORT UNITS

POL-COM- COMMUNI-
LOGISTIC MEDICAL HQS CRIME AVIATION INTELLI- SPECIAL TRAFFIC
COMP. FINANCE ENGR. CHAPLAIN LEGAL MARITIME NARCOTICS MUNITY TIONS &
SUPPORT & DENTAL SUPPORT LABORA- SECURITY GENCE ACTION MGMT
SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE COMMAND COMMAND RELATIONS ELECT.
SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE TORY GROUP COMMAND FORCE COMMAND
COMMAND COMMAND

CRIMINAL
CIVIL
INVESTI- SECURITY
SECURITY
GATION COMMAND
GROUP
COMMAND0

14 REGIONAL
NCR COMMAND
COMMAND

5 NCR 77 PROVINCIAL 15 CITY * ORGANIZED IN

NCR REGIONAL 14 REGIONAL
DISTRICT POLICE POLICE HIGHLY URBANIZED CITIES
MOBILE FORCES MOBILE FORCES
COMMANDS COMMANDS COMMANDS*

NCR POLICE
STATIONS / PROVINCIAL DISTRICT ** ORGANIZED IN LARGE
PRECINTS MOBILE FORCE POLICE PROVINCES
COYS COMMANDS**

CITY/MNCPL
POLICE
STATIONS
 II. The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
Creation

The National Bureau of Investigation saw its inception on

13 November 1936 upon approval of Commonwealth Act No.
181 by the legislature.

It was the brainchild of the late President Manuel L

Quezon. It was first organized as a Division of Investigation
(DI) patterned after the United States Federal Bureau of
Investigation.
 The Bureau assumes an increasingly significant role as a
law enforcement agency, thus, on 19 June 1947 and by
virtue of Republic Act No. 157, it was reorganized into the
Bureau of Investigation.

The law was later amended by Executive Order No. 94

issued on 4 October 1947 renaming it into what it is
presently known i.e. the National Bureau of Investigation.
The National Bureau of Investigation is presently under the
Department of Justice performing the principal functions of
detecting, investigating, and prosecuting crimes towards the end
of preventing criminality. Among the activities the NBI conducts
are :
to detect and investigate crimes;
to investigate civil or administrative cases of interest to the government
upon request;
to act as the national clearing house of criminal records and other
information;
to give technical assistance to all prosecuting and law enforcement
agencies, to the courts, and even to litigants;
to maintain a crime laboratory and to conduct research;
to coordinate with the PNP and other law enforcement agencies in the
investigation of crimes;
to collect intelligence date and coordinate even with other international
intelligence agencies;
to assist in the implementation of the Dangerous Drugs Law.
 III. The National Law Enforcement Coordinating
Committee (NALECC)

Law Enforcement Coordinating Committees provides cooperation

and inter-agency coordination among all law enforcement agencies in
the Philippines
Law Enforcement Coordinating Committees are organized firstly
on a national level known as the National Law Enforcement
Coordinating Committee (NALECC).

Counterpart committees are also established in the regions and

in the provinces
 LECCs have the following duties and functions :
a. Serve as a forum for dialogue and coordination among the

government agencies engaged in the enforcement of

general and special laws;
b. Coordinate policies / procedures in order to facilitate
cooperation and integration of efforts among member-
agencies and ensure a unified direction in the suppression of
criminal activities;
c. Identify priority areas for coordinated joint law enforcement
activities;
d. Prepare and submit to the Chairman of the Peace and Order
Council for consideration/implementation, basic strategies /
plans which shall outline the enforcement facet of the peace
and order campaign as well as delineate policies and thrusts
in the effective implementation of law enforcement function.
IV. The Peace and Order Councils (POCs)
Peace and Order Councils are created as avenues for inter-
agency coordination relative to the country’s peace and order
problems.

The Peace and Order Council is organized on a national level

(NPOC) with counterpart councils at regional levels and provincial
levels. The NPOC has the following functions :
a.To prepare and recommend for the approval of the President proposals,
measures, thrusts, and strategies that would effectively respond to peace
and order problems;
b.To coordinate and monitor peace and order plans, projects, and operations
of Civilian Volunteer Self-Defense Organizations and such other counter-
insurgency programs and activities;

c. To perform such other duties and functions as the President may direct.
 B. Prosecution
National Prosecution Service

* the prosecution arm of the government

* composed of Provincial Prosecutors, City

Prosecutor, Regional Prosecutors, and State
Prosecutors

* placed under the supervision and control of DOJ.

Private lawyers should also be deemed part of
the CJS Prosecution Pillar because they
already represent the parties (the complainant
or the respondent) even in proceedings before
the Prosecutors. So also, public defenders -
such as the members of the Public Attorneys
Office (PAO) and other Legal Aid Lawyers
(IBP, CLAO, FLAG, MABINI, UP, UST, etc.) -
should also be considered as part of the
Prosecution Pillar.
 C. (Judicial) Courts

The final determination of innocence or of guilt is

done by the Judicial Component (the Courts) through
the adjudication of criminal cases

Suffice it to say that, in the context of the

Criminal Justice System, after a suspect has passed
through the Prosecution Pillar, he is sent to the
proper court of justice which shall belabor itself in
determining either innocence or guilt.
 SUPREME COURT

COURT OF
APPEALS SANDIGANBAYAN

Court of Tax Regional Trial Shari‘a

Regional
Regional
Appeals Courts District Courts

Municipal
Municipal Metropolitan Shari’a
TrialMunicipal
Courts in Metropolitan Shari’a
Trial
Trial Courts
Courts in
Cities Metropolitan
Trial Courts CircuitShari’a
Courts
Cities

Municipal Municipal
Municipal
Municipal Municipal
Circuit
CircuitTrial
Trial
-Regular Courts Municipal
Trial Courts Circuit
Courts Trial
-Special Courts
 D. Corrections

This pillar undertakes the reformation of offenders. The

rehabilitation of offenders is aimed towards their eventual
assimilation into society.

The key government agencies responsible for institutional

correction are the following :

1. The Bureau of Corrections.

charged with the custody as well as with the rehabilitation of national

offenders, that is, those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of
more that three (3) years.
 DIRECTOR

Asst. Dir. For

Admin

Public Info. Legal

Administrative Gen. Service Supply Management Budget & Accounting

Division Division Division Division Finance Div Division

Reception & Diagnostic New Bilibid Prison

Center
Correctional Institute for Woman

Davao Prison and Penal Farm

Ihawig Prison and Penal Farm

Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm

San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm

Leyte Regional Prison

:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics According to Region (As of December 31, 2009)

AS TO REGION NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
NCR 7,566 1,011 823 35 63 70 287 18 9,873
Region I 1,531 89 196 0 21 13 82 0 1,932
Region II 745 4 54 3 7 15 56 2 886
Region III 1,372 115 179 4 5 15 93 3 1786
Region IV 2,296 150 378 1 17 32 262 5 3,141
Region V 1,950 20 197 2 15 24 160 37 2,405
Region VI 1,106 59 298 3 23 52 208 31 1,780
Region VII 1,821 108 287 11 151 63 227 26 2,694
Region VIII 1,329 21 119 2 24 13 62 1,263 2,833
Region IX 495 35 29 28 40 834 15 0 1,476
Region X 124 5 9 37 2,063 58 15 8 2,319
Region XI 353 15 15 40 1,625 18 25 0 2,091
Region XII 41 5 29 13 716 76 21 9 910
Region XIII - CARAGA 75 0 2 12 726 6 15 7 843
CAR 193 89 369 0 2 3 32 7 695
ARMM 37 0 0 31 187 11 4 0 270
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
:: Statistics
Inmates Statistics According to Age (As of December 31, 2009)
According to Age NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
18 yrs. old & below 14 2 0 0 11 4 0 1 32
19 - 21 568 15 0 10 211 14 0 200 1,018
22 - 39 13,397 643 2,346 111 3,255 773 983 835 22,343
40 - 59 6,235 979 631 99 2,072 473 565 340 11,394
60 & above 726 74 4 2 103 27 5 36 977
Unknown 94 13 3 0 33 12 11 4 170
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934

:: Statistics
Inmates Statistics as to Civil Status (As of December 31, 2009)
As to Civil Status NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
Single 9,595 413 1656 72 3031 631 579 562 16,539
Married 8,812 625 1,271 99 2,414 603 573 486 14,883
Widowed 321 197 46 25 31 35 25 52 732
Common-Law 2,202 244 0 13 38 24 374 219 3,114
Others 104 247 3 13 171 10 13 97 658
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics According to Crimes Committed (As of December 31, 2009)

Crime Profile NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
Against Nat'l Security of the
131 0 0 0 0 0 2 18 151
Law of the Nations
Against the Fundamental
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10
Law of the State
Against Public Order 65 0 15 0 3 0 60 1 144
Against Public Interest 103 0 0 1 2 1 4 0 111
Relative to Opium and
2974 881 26 132 561 73 82 35 4,764
other prohibited Drugs
Against Public Morals 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 6
Committed by Public
7 11 0 1 19 0 0 0 38
Officers
Against Persons 13,665 128 1,798 38 3,162 578 825 1,045 21,239
Against Personal Liberty
42 57 0 8 56 2 8 7 180
and Security
Against Property 1,462 624 514 40 848 129 312 118 4,047
Against Chastity 767 19 298 2 966 65 266 181 2,564
Against the Civil Status of
771 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 772
Person
Against Honor 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Others 1,047 6 333 0 66 455 0 0 1,907
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics as to Educational Profile (As of December 31, 2009)

AS TO
EDUCATIONAL NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
PROFILE
Illiterate 1,039 37 202 7 386 112 92 206 2,081
Elem. Level 7,166 254 1,317 54 2,641 681 728 800 13,641
Elem. Grad. 2,770 153 534 21 769 129 265 61 4,702
H.S. Level 4,396 390 563 61 1,134 202 264 226 7,272
H.S. Grad. 2,565 272 284 25 399 84 149 61 3,839
College Level 1,994 271 60 29 269 67 54 9 2,753
College Grad. 637 308 21 21 69 18 10 11 1,095
Vocational Course 467 41 3 4 18 10 2 6 551
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934

:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics as to Religion (As of December 31, 2009)

ACCORDING TO
NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
RELIGION
Roman Catholic 16,543 1,381 2,533 150 4,480 974 1,361 1,342 28,764
Protestant 738 230 248 2 286 31 52 2 1,589
Islam 705 106 34 42 278 129 22 6 1,322
Iglesia ni Kristo 2,229 0 0 7 143 22 58 16 2,475
Others 819 9 169 21 498 147 71 50 1,784
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics as to Occupation (As of December 31, 2009)

AS TO DPPF DPPF
NBP CIW IPPF SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
OCCUPATION (F) (M)
Agricultural 5,318 154 1,035 7 2,936 701 597 1,020 11,768
Trade &
2,570 856 245 141 942 38 452 37 5,281
Industry
Defense &
1,036 55 68 7 289 24 63 47 1,589
Security
Administrative 592 322 31 17 197 78 49 35 1,321
Transportation,
Communication 2,044 35 360 8 517 152 172 80 3,368
& Public Utility
Crafts & Trade 3,661 45 124 20 272 45 30 29 4,226
Info., Arts &
549 102 0 14 187 45 87 85 1,069
Rec.
Others 5,264 157 1,121 8 345 220 114 83 7,312
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934

:: Statistics

Inmates Statistics as to Security Classification (As of December 31, 2009)

AS TO SEC. DPPF DPPF
NBP CIW IPPF SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
CLASS. (F) (M)
MAXIMUM 12,521 1,160 147 99 1,282 432 114 854 16,609
MEDIUM 7,897 475 1,928 84 3,333 726 1,319 452 16,214
MINIMUM 616 91 909 39 1,070 145 131 110 3,111
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
:: Statistics
Admission & Releases ::: Region ::: Age ::: Civil Status ::: Crimes Committed ::: Educational Profile :::
Religion ::: Occupation ::: Security Classification ::: Nationality
Inmates Statistics as to Nationality (As of December 31, 2009)
AS TO
NBP CIW IPPF DPPF (F) DPPF (M) SRPPF SPPF LRP TOTAL
NATIONALITY
FILIPINO 20,871 1,712 2,981 222 5,683 1,301 1,562 1,415 35,747
FOREIGNER 163 14 3 0 2 2 2 1 187
African 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
American 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Brazilian/Belgian 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
British 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Burmese 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Canadian 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Chinese 95 10 1 0 0 2 2 0 110
Danish 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ghanian 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Hongkong
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(Cantonese)
Indian 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Indonesian 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Iraqi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Japanese 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 10
Jordanian 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
Korean 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Liberian 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Malaysian 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Nigerian 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Pakistani 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Palestinian 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Singaporean 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Sudanese 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Taiwanese 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Vietnamese 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 21,034 1,726 2,984 222 5,685 1,303 1,564 1,416 35,934
 2. Provincial Jails

All provincial jails in the country are placed under the respective provincial governments
pursuant to the provision of Section 61 of Republic Act no. 6975 which states : “x x x The provincial
jails shall be supervised and controlled by the provincial government within its jurisdiction x x
x.”

3. Municipal Jails/City Jails

Municipal Jails and City Jails, on the other hand, are administered by the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) created also under RA No. 6975. BJMP is placed under the
Department of the Interior and Local Government.

BJMP is mandated to establish jails in every district, city, and municipality and to
maintain secured, clean, adequately equipped, and sanitary jails for the custody and safekeeping not
only of city prisoners and municipal prisoners but also of : fugitives from justice, detainees, and
violent/mentally ill persons (Section 63, RA No. 6975).
 E. Community

After convicts have passed through the Correction Component - either unconditionally (as by
full service of the term of imprisonment imposed on them), or by parole, or by pardon - they revert to
the COMMUNITY and either lead normal lives as law-abiding citizen in their barangays or regrettably
commit other crimes and thus go back through the same stages of the Criminal Justice System.

The community at large - through the appropriate legislative agencies, public and private
educational institutions, parents and guardians, churches, religious organizations, civic associations,
etc. - develops and exacts conformity with acceptable moral and ethical values, creates the
environment for the development of civic-spirited citizens, and fosters respect for and observance of
the Rule of Law.

In particular, members of the community having knowledge of facts relevant to the investigation
or prosecution of crimes, are expected to cooperate with law enforcers and investigators, by reporting
crimes and giving evidence against the offenders.
 Attorneys in private practice, or pertaining to associations committed to giving legal aid to
indigent or otherwise deserving individuals, should be reckoned as part of the fifth component of the
CJS, the community. They participate directly or indirectly in the Criminal Justice System by rendering
legal advice to, or representing, persons involved in criminal actions before the duly constituted
authorities.

The Community Component should also include key government institutions that play bit,
albeit, important roles in the CJS, such as the Bureau of Posts which delivers court documents,
notices, and other processes; the Bureau of Immigration & Deportation which may prevent the
departure of suspects from the country; the Bureau of Telecommunications which transmits
communications by telephone, telegram, or radio; and government hospitals and medical centers
(like the National Psychopathic Hospital) which furnish experts who may enlighten the courts on issues
involving medicine, surgery, or other sciences. Private institutions and civic organizations should also
be deemed part hereof since they may also have significant roles to play in Criminal Justice System.
Of late, serious efforts have already been started by the Philippine National Police,
in cooperation with the Department of Interior and Local Government, to better
empower the barangays (the smallest political unit in Philippine society) as well as
other sectors of the community so that they may serve the Criminal Justice System
more comprehensively. This is in line with the Community Oriented Policing
System being adopted by the PNP pursuant to the provision of Section 2 of
Republic Act No. 8551 (which amended RA No. 6975) which declared that : “The
PNP shall be a community and service oriented agency responsible for the
maintenance of peace and order and public safety.”
 Importance of Coordination Among the Five Pillars

It should now be evident that the Philippine Criminal Justice System is not just the
agencies charged with law enforcement; not just the prosecution arm of the government; nor
just the courts; nor just the correctional system, nor just the community. The Criminal Justice
System is all of these "pillars" considered collectively.

So also, it should now be obvious that, for an efficacious Criminal Justice System to
work speedily, it is essential for all these five (5) pillars to work with dispatch and in full
coordination with each other. Any perceived failure of the CJS in a particular given case due
to some deficiency in one pillar cannot be blamed upon any of the other pillars.