Behavior Based Safety & Mine Safety: Presented by
Behavior Based Safety & Mine Safety: Presented by
Behavior Based Safety & Mine Safety: Presented by
Presented By
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Objectives/Learning Outcomes
On completion of this training program you will be able to understand
Enhance your ability to effectively manage a safety & health program
Safety
Develop Skills in safety supervision, leadership & evaluation
Health
Emergency preparedness
Healthy
Economics
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What is Behaviour?
Behaviour is what a person does or says.
What causes a person to take this particular behavior or course of action depends on
other influencing factors.
Attitude and situational conditions cause the particular behaviour.
What influence behaviour:-
Motivation
Intelligence
Emotions
Experience
Attitude
Situational Conditions
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Attitude
When a persons attitudes changes, his or her behaviour will typically follow.
When you eliminate every other reason for unacceptable behaviour, what is left
it attitudinal.
Motivation changes attitude and attitude drives behaviour.
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What is Behaviour Base Safety?
A process that creates a safety partnership between management & employees
that continually focuses people’s attentions & actions on their, and others, daily
safety behaviour.
BBS “focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a
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Why Behaviour Based Safety?
Injuries are going up.
Most traditional safety programs plateau.
To achieve zero accidents we need to change over thinking.
96% of injuries are a result of unsafe behaviours.
Measurements of incidents & injuries are reactive.
Measurements of behaviours is proactive.
Behaviours modification is dealing with the root cause.
Cultural Change
Stop the accident cycle.
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Behaviour Base Safety Process
It is a process through which work groups can identify, measure & change their
behaviours.
This applies principles of ABC behaviour model.
Traditional behaviour-based safety approaches:-
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5 Stages in Behavioural Approach
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Factors That Affect The Behaviour
1. Taking Shortcuts
Time Pressure
Culture of Production over Safety
2. Complacency/Habit
Distractions
Managers not “walking the talk”
3. Fatigue
Poor shift scheduling
High workload
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Contd..
4. Lack of Risk Perception
Issues on mind
Inadequate communication
Poor visual cues
5. Human Error
Lack of training
Poor procedures
Poor machine use ability
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Key Principles
All injuries can be prevented. Our goal is zero incidents.
Management is accountable for preventing occupational injuries & illness.
Safety is a condition of employment.
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BBS-Objectives
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Behavior Based Safety
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Contd..
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Basic Behavior Principles
• Workplace accidents can be eliminated Only when these three elements are
combined .
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Basic Behavior Principles
• The person component consists of the employees:-
• Physical capabilities, Physical
Capabilities
• Experience
• Training Training Experience
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Behavior Based Safety
What is it? What is it Not!
1. An excellent tool for collecting data on 1. Only about observation and
the quality of a company’s safety feedback
management system. 2. Concerned only about the
2. A scientific way to understand why Safety Psychology behaviors of line employees
people behave the way they do when
System (People) 3. A substitution for traditional risk
it comes to safety. management techniques
BB
3. Properly applied, an effective next S 4. About cheating & manipulating
step towards creating a truly pro- people & aversive control
active safety culture where loss
Management 5. A focus on incident rates without a
prevention is a core value.
(Culture) focus on behavior
4. Conceptually easy to understand but
often hard to implement and sustain. 6. A process that does not need
employee involvement
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Why Behavior Based Safety is Required?
Human behavior causes most accidents
• Comfort
• Saving Time
• Convenience
• Lack of understanding and training
• Complacency
• Wrong Safety focus
• Celebrating production over safety
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BBS Benefits
• Improve Quality.
• Improve Absenteeism.
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Unsafe Acts:
• Operating without authority
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Principles of Employee Involvement
Principle #1: Above all there must be a climate of mutual
trust and respect.
Principle #2: Employees must know the big picture.
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Effective Communication
Importance of Effective communication is
necessary
Reduced risk in the workplace
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Accident Analysis
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Behavior- Based psychology
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Complexity Of human Behavior
The five complexities framework is a framework which has been useful for
improving the management of the organizational complexities.
Operational Complexity
Outcome Complexity
Environmental Complexity
Stakeholder Complexity
Organizational Complexity
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Critical behavior checklist
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Contd..
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At Risk Behavior
There are 3 types of at-risk behavior:
Conscious
Habitual
Unintentional
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Psychological Factors
Stress
Tiredness
Fear
Fatigue
Ergonomic
Culture
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Unintended Behavior
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Contd..
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Why is Culture Important?
It is an atmosphere we work in
that shapes our behavior.
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Importance of BBS in Mining
Behavior Based Safety (BBS) or behavioral safety
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How BBS can be Implemented
BBS can be implemented in the following 3 phases:
Intervention phase: This phase is based on the outcome of the detection phase,
where analysis is done and interventions are planned at the micro-level. Safety
motivation and awareness courses are conducted for the employees.
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Roles of Leadership in BBS Implementation
The success of a BBS program depends on the safety leaders as they are
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BBS Implementation steps
Ensure safety as a top priority in the organization
Conduct and attend safety meetings
Participate in potential severity assessment
Review unsafe acts and conditions of others
Follow H&S rules
Understand H&S risks and take decisions
Take a detail site visit
Engage individually with team members on safety
Train people on H&S
Conduct lesson learnt sessions from incidents at other mines
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Contd..
Review key safety standard during site assessment
Involve in safety orientation of new hire
Start all meetings with a safety theme
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Role of Safety Culture in BBS Implementation
Safety culture encompasses shared values and beliefs of the organization and
its people
Safe working habits of the employees
Proactive actions by management on safety
Top management involvement in safety programmes
Discussion on errors to prevent reoccurring
Ensuring the safety of the contractual employees
Sense of responsibility for the safety of others
Safety as a core value of the organization
Ensuring regular feedback on safety
Prioritization of accident awareness and prevention measures
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Unsafe Mining Acts
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Introduction
Mining is a hazardous profession associated with high level of accidents &
injuries.
According to directorate general of mine safety report of accident statistics:
117 & 107 Fatalities
509 & 52 serious injuries in 2010.
Several causes starting from personal to sociotechnical factors are responsible
for such high injury experience rates in mines.
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Definitions
Lost time injury (LTI): A work injury that results in an absence from work for at
least one full day or shift any time after the day or shift on which the injury occurred
Serious injury: A lost time injury that results in the injured person being disabled for
period
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Contd..
Fatal injury incidence rate: The number of fatal injuries per 1000 employees
Injury index: The number of workdays lost per million hours worked
Serious injury frequency rate: The number of serious injuries per million hours
worked
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Mineral Resources
India is endowed with significant valuable mineral resources.
India produces 89 minerals out of which 4 are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52
non-metallic and 22 minor minerals.
The metallic production is accounted for by iron-ore, copper-ore, chromite
and/or zinc concentrates, gold, manganese ore, bauxite, lead concentrates.
Amongst the non-metallic minerals, more than 90 percent of the aggregate
value is shared by limestone, magnesite, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum,
apatite & phosphorite, steatite and fluorite
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Constitutional Obligation
Article 24
“No Child Below The Age Of Fourteen Years Shall Be Employed To Work In Any
Factory Or Mine Or Engaged In Any Other Hazardous Employment”
Article 39
“The State Shall, In Particular, Direct Its Policy Towards Securing -
• (E) That The Health And Strength Of Workers, Men And Women, And The Tender
Age Of Children Are Not Abused And That Citizens Are Not Forced By Economic
Necessity To Enter A Vocations Unsuited To Their Age Or Strength;”
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Contd..
Article 42
“The State Shall Make Provision For Securing Just And Humane Conditions Of
Work And For Maternity Relief”
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Mines Safety Legislation in India Background
1890, International Labour Conference, Berlin
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Contd..
Committee appointed by the Govt. of India to
Frame suitable legislation to afford full protection to persons working in
mines in such matters in which they have a reasonable claim on the State
for protection
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Contd..
22nd March, 1901
First Indian Mines Act enacted
1923
New Indian Mines Act 1923 comes into force
1952
The Mines Act 1952 supersedes earlier legislation
1959 & 1983
Major changes incorporated in the Act through amendments
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Rules And Regulations Framed Under
The Mines Act, 1952
Rules & Regulations Applicability
The Coal Mines Regulations, 1957 Coal Mines
The Metalliferous Mines regulations,1961 Non-coal
The Oil Mines Regulations, 1984 Oil & Gas
The Mines Rules, 1955 All Mines
Mines Rescue Rules, 1984 All Mines
Mines Vocational Training Rules, 1966 All Mines
Mines Creache Rules, 1966 All Mines
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Mine Safety Technology & Training
Commission - NMA
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Risk Management’s Role in a Safety Culture
of Prevention
At least some appropriate method for identifying hazards; assessing the related
risk; and then developing and implementing a plan to manage them is
necessary.
Some approaches to managing risks are not so formal
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Risk Management Throughout The
Company
• Consider risks • Consider risks • Consider risks • Understand & treat risks
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Safety
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Accident Ratio
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Accident Caused in Indian Mines
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Contd..
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Mine Accident Causes
Age Group:
<40 years – Energetic but not consistent
>50 years – Lethargic due to age
Timing Group:
Change of shift- quick escape
Night shift-sleeping tendency or poor light
OT hours without rest
Change of Occupation
Unauthorized work, deployment.
Lack of knowledge/skill, confidence, conception of work
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Contd..
Unsafe Act
Act itself is risky
No correction
No safe workplace design
No safety guidance
Unsafe Condition
Condition left uncorrected
Unsupported workplace
Unobserved safety standards
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Contd..
Stress/strain/mental imbalance – Exposure to high risk man made
uncontrolled phenomenon to compel persons to live on high stress level.
Work Stress
Production stress
Behavioral stress
Boss knows the best syndrome
Overwork
Exhaustion
Influence of drink
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Cost of Accident
Cost to injures
Pain & suffering to the injured & his family.
Loss of wages
Loss of earning capacity
Loss of account of permanent disablements
Cost to the management
Direct cost – Compensation & medical expenses
Indirect cost – damages to m/c& property, loss of production, loss time of
the injured.
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Contd..
Cost to the society
Cost of providing hospital & rehabilitation charges.
Maintenance of dependence of the injured/killed.
Payment of increased cost of production.
Hidden Cost
Damage to plant & machinery
Loss of material
Loss of production due to stoppage of machine
Loss of production by aftermath of accidents
Loss of business
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Impact of Accidents
One major accident one shift disturbed
One serious accident one day disturbed
One fatal accident one week disturbed
One disaster one year disturbed
One major disturbed 10 years or more disturbed
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Prevention Action on Safety
Desire to prevent all major injuries ensures safety
Effective discipline promotes safety
Injuries should be prevented for which mind-set is required
Line supervisors are the back-bone to observe safety
Every employee has to be made conscious
Protective equipment help safety
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Corrective Action on Safety
Engineering Revision
Guards, fences, interlocking at proper places
Instructions, persuasion, appeals, training
Both theoretical & practical
Personal Adjustments
Aptitude – both physical & mental
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Accident Prevention
A self regulatory & goal setting system
Fit for purpose equipment
Suitable work method
Controlled work environment
Locate & control hazards
Risk assessment & control
Review of SOP’s, Do’s & Don’ts
Interactive control system
Two way communication
Active participation of workmen’s inspector & safety committee members
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Accident Control
Routine inspection & remedial measures
High standard of discipline
Reliability of m/c & simplicity of operation
Maintaining various safety devices
Safety at shop level
Identification of black spots
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Treatment Control & Action Plan
Elimination: remove step to eliminate the hazard completely.
Substitution: replace with less hazardous material, substance or process
Separation: isolate hazard from person by guarding, space or time separation
Administration: Adjusting the time or conditions of risk exposure.
Training: improving skills making tasks less hazardous to persons involved.
PPE: used as the last report, approximately designed where other controls are
not practicable.
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OHS Structure
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Injuries by Mineral Mined During 2006–07
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Nature of Injury
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Part of Body
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Location Of Accident
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Type of Accident
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Core Conventions Of ILO
Forced Labour Convention (No. 29)
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (No.105)
Equal Remuneration Convention (No.100)
Discrimination (Employment Occupation) Convention (No.111)
Freedom of Association and Protection of Right to Organised Convention
(No.87)
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (No.98)
Minimum Age Convention (No.138)
Worst forms of Child Labour Convention (No.182)
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Standards
ANSI/AIHA Z10-2005
ILO-OSH 2001
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Common Elements (ILO)
Policy aspects
Participation
Documentation
Initial review
H&S objectives
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Contd..
Hazard identification and risk assessment; preventive and protective measures
Management review
Continual improvement
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Factors Affecting Mining Safety
Mining labour shortage
The cyclical nature of mining and high retirement rates from experienced
workers means there are times in which interest doesn’t meet the demand for
labor.
Shortages of trained personnel.
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Contd..
Mental health
To be at their best, miners need to be in a fit mental and emotional state as well
as physical.
It’s one thing to have new, modern safety management systems and advanced
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Areas of Mine Safety
Here are typical areas of safety when discussing mine safety:
Workplace Safety
Structural Safety
Environmental Safety
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Tips for mine safety
Prioritize Planning
Taking time to calculate the best approach can help the process to go more
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Contd..
Wear Personal Protective Gear
Hard hats tailored to the nature and purpose of the mining project can
Dirt and grime can rapidly build up on tools, slowing them down and
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Contd..
Improve Visibility
Dark pathways and work areas can put you in jeopardy because it's more
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Contd..
Manage Vibration and Noise Level
Strategic drilling can ease the tremors, especially in techniques where buffer
The spectrum of temperatures that miners spend time in can impose stresses
on the body..
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Contd..
Ventilate Harmful Gases
Effective ventilation systems can redirect the gases and increase air flow.
More air dilutes the gases to an acceptable and breathable proportion for
suitable air quality.
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Contd..
Implement Rock Burst Prevention Measures
Environmental changes and human made blasts can shift rocks and dislodge
large pieces from rock walls. Falling rock can strike workers and induce
serious injuries, so it's beneficial to set up protective systems.
The materials in mines increase the possibility of fire, and if you're mining
coal or working in a gas-rich region, this elevates your risk for tragic
scenarios.
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Contd..
Watch for Dust Hazards
Loose silica dust or coal particles can travel through the air in denser
portions than normal when mining.
Vacuum devices, screens, transfer shoots and wet fan scrubbers can
capture the tiny bits and clear the air for workers.
Keep Electrical Safety in Mind
Mines use power tools, lights and other electrical equipment, which need
electricity. Sending electricity through these locations and transporting
machines litters the space with extension cords and wires.
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Contd..
Prepare for the Possibility of Slips and Falls
Workers can also slip on liquid, mud or loose rock while walking, but high-
traction footwear can give you a better stance on uneven ground. Sizable
work boots might affect your gait, but they can keep you upright.
Cave-ins have been a prevalent accident in mining operations for years, and
After learning the routine, workers can start to feel comfortable in their
roles, but they can also forget vital procedures. Their caution can wane as
they settle into the routine.
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DGMS organization in India
Central
Western
South
South central
South eastern
Eastern
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The Process Of Creating Safer Mines
Safer mines are created through a combination of safety rules and regulations,
as well as technological equipment that reduces both hazards and risks.
Mineral extraction and transport via automation and conveyor has reduced the
incidence of worker injuries, while GPS location and proximity warning
technology have lowered the rate of transport accidents.
Personal safety equipment has increased in both efficacy and transportability,
allowing miners to carry with them the protective gear needed at all times.
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Contd..
Advancements in communication have improved worker and supervisor
that mines are following federal safety regulations properly at all times.
The right equipment is essential to maintaining worker safety in the mining
industry.
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Accident Scenario
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Safety issues in mining industries
The safety issues facing the mining industry are vast.
From occupational disease risks to the risk of severe injury or even death,
miners in Canada and across the globe face potential dangers while at work
every day.
Exposure of dangerous chemicals
Occupational diseases
Injuries from heavy machineries
Injuries from explosives
Hearing loss
Heat and UV exposure
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Occupational Health Surveys
Program for elimination of Silicosis and Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis
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DGMS Strategic Plan 2011-15
Elimination of Mine Disasters due to
Inundation
Explosion
Spontaneous Heating and Fire
Strata Failure
Reduction in Fatal & Serious Accidents
Accidents due to Roof & Side Falls
• Danger Signs
and assessing risks, and then developing measures to control these risks.
One of the most important controls is to prepare work tasks, work instructions
instructions on how to do the job because a lack of control could cause safety
problems
Written procedures and work instructions are then developed to manage work
JSA breaks a job down into steps and lists any hazards or risks which might be
When the JSA has been done, it can be used tell the worker how to do the job,
and is ideal for training, since it shows an worker how to do the job in the best
and safest way.
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Safe Work Procedures
It is the employer’s job to provide the employee with safe work procedures,
the area should be cleared to avoid bumping into or tripping over things; and
provide shelf storage for heavier objects at waist level, smaller objects on
the location of fresh air bases, emergency refuges, telephones and escape
times.
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Types Of Portable Extinguishers
Water extinguisher – Colour Code Red
Foam extinguisher – Colour Code Blue
Dry chemical powder (DCP) – Colour Code Red with a Horizontal White Band
Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Colour Code Red with a Horizontal Black Band.
requiring the use of force exerted by a person to lower, push, pull, hold or
restrain a person, animal or thing.
Manual handling injuries include:
Safety spectacles with side shields should be used in all areas where there is the
Environment;
AS/NZS 1337: Eye Protectors for Industrial Applications; and
AS 1270–Acoustics–Hearing Protectors
Devices.
Careful assessment of the respiratory hazard must be made to ensure the
Hand protection must comply with AS/NZS 2161 1-9 Occupational Protective
Gloves.
Gloves are available in many different materials, depending on the protection
required (for example: cotton, rubber, PVC, viton, stainless steel mesh, kevlar,
leather. Selection must be based on the protection required for the particular
hazards involved
Foot protection must comply with a joint Australian & New Zealand Standards