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MAN101 SNIPPET 3
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PLANNING
1 Chapter 8 discusses important aspects on how to do planning. Please read and understand the information provided
in this chapter. The chapter covers the following topics:
2 The benefits of planning
3 Managerial goals and plans
4 The planning process
5 Tactical goals and plans/operational goals and plans
6 Implementation of plans
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PLANNING
BENEFITS OF PLANNING
Planning provides direction – it facilitates goals and plans

Planning reduces the impact of change – it allows an organisation to be prepared for future changes
Planning promotes coordination – it focuses the activities of the organisation on achieving goals
Planning ensures cohesion – the organisation must operate as one system, meaning planning enables top management to see the
organisation as a whole with interrelated parts of which each part needs to achieve goals of the organisation
Planning facilitates control – this is an important aspect. Control allows management to monitor and control the implementation
of plans.
Planning could be costly – it may create rigidity; consumes management time; restrict intuition and creativity; and could cause
delays in descion-making.
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1 MANAGERIAL GOALS AND PLANS

Importance of controls
Management by objective
The nature of plans777
MANAGERIAL GOALS AND PLANS

Importance of controls
Management by objective
The nature of plans
Citeria for
• Goals must be formulated as SMART goals – Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timebound effective goals
• Management by objective aims to integrate individual employee goals with organisational goals
Importanc
-
• Goals provide guidance on direction of the organisation and facilitate effective planning e of goals
• Goals inspire employees and provides the basis for evaluation of employees MANAGERIAL GOALS
PLANNING
Nature of
• Starting point of the planning process goals
5 • Goals ranges from strategic to operational goals
Planning
• Top level managers formulate long-term goals and strategic plans
by
• Middle-level managers use strategic goals to formulate tactical goals and plans manageme
• First-line managers use tactical goals and plans to develop short-term operational goals and plans nt level
- The
• Establish goals; develop plans to achieve the goals; evaluate the formulated plans; select the best one; implement the
planning
selected plan; and evaluate the implemented plan MANAGERIAL PLANS process
PLANNING The
• Planning takes place taking available resources into consideration planning
6 • Planning takes into consideration: purpose of the organisation; mission statement; the environment; values and context
experience of management
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PLANNING
STRATEGIC GOALS AND PLANS
• Organisations use strategic planning to help them to operate in a changing, complex business environment such as the Fourth
Industrial Revolution signalling that new technology impacts on the world of work. Changes are the need for agility,
creativity, imagination, critical thinking, and problem solving skills
• Top managers formulate strategic goals – it is based on the vision and mission of the organisation; and develop long-term
strategic goals
• Top managers also develop strategic plans which focus on the organisation as a whole. They do an environmental scan to
identify strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities (SWOT analysis)
• Different strategies : generic strategies; corporate strategies; internal growth strategies; external growth strategies; corporate
combination strategies; turnaround strategies
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PLANNING
TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL GOALS AND PLANS
• Strategic goals and plans developed by the top managers serve as input for middle and first-line managers to develop and
implement tactical goals and plans
• Tactical goals are medium term goals which provide milestones to the strategic goals and plans by focusing on which tasks
should be carry out within a specific time-frame
• Tactical plans is more specific than strategic plans – they link specific people to particular actions
• Operational plans are short term plans and refers to what needs to be done within the next year and even month by month.
Single use plans are those that will be used only once such as being part of a short term project. Standing plans are those that
will be repeated over time such as plans linked to policies and rules.
• Plans are meant to be implemented – a framework, leadership and control are need to implement plans
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FOR DISCUSSION ON Q&A (CANVAS)
• Why is planning an important managerial function?

• How do planning and control link with each other?
• How would you apply management by objective in your work environment?
• How would you apply the different plans and goals when you do planning?
• Discuss the answers to these questions on Q&A on Canvas.
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Planning provides direction – it facilitates goals and plans

1 MANAGERIAL GOALS AND PLANS

MANAGERIAL GOALS AND PLANS

STRATEGIC GOALS AND PLANS

TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL GOALS AND PLANS

FOR DISCUSSION ON Q&A (CANVAS)

• Why is planning an important managerial function?

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