GEOGRAPHY

MAJOR NATURAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD.

SCHOOL- LORETO CONVENT INTERMEDIATE

COLLEGE
CLASS TEACHER- MS. ANUGYA MASIH
EQUATORIAL REGION
 LOCATION-
The equatorial region extends between 0-10
degree C North and South of equator.
 IN AREAS FOUND-

ASIA- INDONESIA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA,

MALAYSIA.
SOUTH AMERICA - THE COASTAL LOWLANDS,
BETWEEN THE GUINEA AND BRAZILIAN
HIGHLANDS, AMAZON BASIN AND COASTAL
COLUMBIA.
AFRICA- ZAIRE BASIN AND THE GUINEA COAST
AND WEST AFRICA.
EQUATORIAL REGION OF ASIA
EQUATORIAL REGION
SOUTH AMERICA
EQUATORIAL REGIONS OF
AFRICA
BRIEF INFORMATION
 CLIMATE

• The Equatorial Climate is hot average

temperature all year round and high
monthly precipitation, typically no less
than 60 mm a month with annual
precipitation tending to be over 2000mm.
The diurnal temperature range is 2 degrees
celcius.
CLIMATE GRAPH OF SINGAPORE
TROPICAL GRASSLANDS
 LOCATION
The savannas of Africa are probably the
best known but tropical grasslands are
also located in South America, India
and Australia. There are llanos in
Colombia and Venezuela, Campos of the
Brazilian highlands, Pantantanals of
Upper Paraguay, plains in Australia and
the Deccan Plateau of India.
 IN AREAS FOUND-

• SOUTH AMERICA- Llanos of Orinoco basin,

and the Compos of the Brazilian Highlands.

• Africa- Sudan, Senegal, Chad , Cameroon

Togo, Kenya etc.

• Australia- Northern territory and Queensland.

TROPICAL GRASSLANDS OF
SOUTH AMERICA
TROPICAL GRASSLANDS OF AFRICA
TROPICAL GRASSLANDS OF
AUSTRALIA
 BRIEF INFORMATION-

• Tropical grasslands, or savannas, are also

the homes of primates in Africa and Asia;
no savanna-living primates exist in South
America. Tropical grasslands comprise a
mixture of trees and grasses, the
proportion of trees to grass varying
directly with the rainfall.
 CLIMATE

• Tropical grasslands have dry and wet

seasons that remain warm all the time.
Temperate grasslands have cold winters
and warm summers with some rain. ... A
few trees may be found in this biome
along the streams, but not many due to
the lack of rainfall.
TROPICAL DESERTS
 LOCATION-
Most hot deserts are found near the
Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn,
between 15-30° north and south of the
Equator. The largest hot desert is the
Sahara in Africa which spans the whole
width of the continent.
 IN AREAS FOUND-
• AFRICA- The Sahara Desert in North

• ASIA- The Arabian Desert and the Thar Desert

• NORTH AMERICA- Mexico in USA

• SOUTH AMERICA- The Atacama Desert

• AUSTRALIA- The Great Australian Desert

TROPICAL DESERT OF AFRICA
TROPICAL DESERT OF ASIA
TROPICAL DESERT OF
NORTH AMERICA
 BRIEF INFORMATION-
• Tropical deserts are located in regions between 5 and 30
degrees latitude. Environment is very extreme. They have the highest
average monthly temperature on Earth. Rainfall is sporadic; precipitation
may not be observed at all in a few years. In addition to these extreme
environmental and climate conditions, most tropical deserts are covered
with sand and rocks, and thus too flat and lacking in vegetation to block
out the wind. Wind may erode and transport sand, rocks and other
materials; these are known as eolian processes. Landforms caused
by wind erosion vary greatly in characteristics and size. Representative
landforms include depressions and pans, Yardangs inverted
topography and ventifacts. No significant populations can survive in
tropical deserts due to extreme aridity, heat and the paucity of
vegetation; only specific flora and fauna with special behavioral and
physical mechanisms are supported. Although tropical deserts are
considered to be harsh and barren, they are in fact important sources
of natural resources and plays a significant role in economic
development ,Besides the equatorial rainforest, there are many hot
deserts situated in the tropical zone.
 CLIMATE-
• The highest average monthly
temperatures on the Earth are found
in the tropical desert. They
range between 29 to 35 degrees
Celsius. Winter monthly temperatures
can be 15 to 25 degrees cooler than
summer temperatures. This climate
also has extreme diurnal ranges of
temperature.
TROPICAL MONSOON TYPE
CLIMATE-
 LOCATION-

• Tropical monsoon are most commonly

found in Africa (West and Central
Africa), Asia (South and Southeast Asia),
South and Central America. This climate
also occurs in sections of the Caribbean,
North America, and northern Australia.
 IN AREAS FOUND -
• MOST COMMONLY FOUND IN AFRICA

• ASIA- INDIA, PAKISTAN, BANGLADESH, SRI

LANKA ETC.

• AUSTRALIA- THE NORTHERN TIP OF AUSTRALIA.

• CENTRAL AMERICA- EASTERN BRAZIL.

TROPICAL MONSOON REGION
 INFORMATION IN BRIEF-
• The major controlling factor over a tropical
monsoon climate is its relationship to the monsoon
circulation. The monsoon is a seasonal change in
wind direction. In Asia, during the summer (or high-
sun season) there is an onshore flow of air (air
moving from ocean toward land). In the “winter”
(or low-sun season) an offshore air flow (air moving
from land toward water) is prevalent.
• The monsoons are characterized by a seasonal
change in wind direction. The monsoon climatic
condition in Africa and The America for that matter
is experienced along the trade wind coasts.
 CLIMATE-
• There are generally two versions of a tropical monsoon climate:
• Less pronounced dry seasons. Regions with this variation of the
tropical monsoon climate typically see copious amounts of rain during
the wet season(s), usually in the form of frequent thunderstorms.
Unlike most tropical savanna climates, a sizeable amount of
precipitation also falls during the dry season(s). In essence, this
version of the tropical monsoon climate generally has less pronounced
dry seasons than tropical savanna climates.
• Extraordinarily rainy wet seasons and pronounced dry seasons. This
variation features pronounced dry seasons similar in length and
character to dry seasons observed in tropical savanna climates. This is
followed by a sustained period (or sustained periods) of extraordinary
rainfall. In some instances, up to (and sometimes in excess of)
1,000 mm of precipitation is observed per month for two or more
consecutive months. Tropical savanna climates generally do not see
this level of sustained rainfall.
MEDITERRANEAN REGION-
 LOCATION-

• This bio-geographical region includes the

Mediterranean Sea and seven Member
States, either partially (France, Portugal, Italy,
Spain) or completely (Greece, Malta, Cyprus).
It has specific regional features: a climate of
hot dry summers and humid, cool winters and
a generally hilly landscape.
 IN AREAS FOUND
• EUROPE- the margins of South Portugal
• ASIA- Israel, Lebanon, Syria
• NORTH AMERICA- the coastal California
around San Francisco.
• SOUTH AMERICA- Central Chile
• AFRICA- the Coastal Region of Africa
• AUSTRALIA- south west area
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
 INFORMATION IN BRIEF-
• The area around the mediterranean sea is
surprisingly hilly. Mountains can be seen from
anywhere.
• It has a varied and contrasting topography. The
Mediterranean Region offers an ever-changing
landscape of high mountains, rocky shores,
impenetrable scrub, semi-arid steppes, coastal
wetlands, sandy beaches and a myriad islands of
various shapes and sizes dotted amidst the clear blue
sea. Contrary to the classic sandy beach images
portrayed in most tourist brochures, the
Mediterranean is surprisingly hilly. Mountains can be
seen from almost anywhere.
 CLIMATE-

The climate of mediterranean natural

region is characterized by hot dry
summers and cool wet winters and
located between about 30° and 45°
latitude north and south of the Equator
and on the western sides of the
continents.
TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS-
 LOCATION
• Temperate Grasslands. Location:
Found in the middle of large land
masses or continents. The two major
areas are the prairies in North
America and the steppe which
straddles Europe and Asia. The
majority of this biome is found
between 40° and 60° north or south
of the Equator.
 IN AREAS FOUND-
• EUROPE- a narrow belt lying to the
north of black sea and Caspian Sea.
• ASIA- Manchurian Plains, Northwest
China and Western Siberia
• NORTH AMERICA- a part of USA and
Canada
• SOUTH AMERICA- in parts of
Argentina
• SOUTH AFRICA AND AUSTRALIA.
TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS
 BRIEF INFORMATION-
• Temperate grasslands are areas that
have grass covered interspersed with
widely scattered trees.Various names
of temperate grass lands include
pampas, downs, and veldts.
Temperate grasslands can be found in
various regions north and south of
the equator including Argentina,
Australia, and central North America.
 CLIMATE-

• Temperate grasslands have cold winters

and warm summers with some rain. The
grasses die back to their roots annually
and the soil and the sod protect the roots
and the new buds from the cold of winter
or dry conditions. A few trees may be
found in this biome along the streams, but
not many due to the lack of rainfall.
THE TAIGA REGION
 LOCATION-
The taiga is a forest of the cold,
subarctic region. The subarctic is an
area of the Northern Hemisphere
that lies just south of the Arctic
Circle. The taiga lies between the
tundra to the north and temperate
forests to the south. Alaska, Canada,
Scandinavia, and Siberia have taigas.
 IN AREAS FOUND

Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia

have broad streaches of conferous climate
forest found in the Taiga belt.
TAIGA REGION
 INFORMATION IN BRIEF
• taiga, also called boreal forest, biome
(major life zone) of vegetation
composed primarily of cone-bearing
needle-leaved or scale-leaved
evergreen trees, found in northern
circumpolar forested regions
characterized by long severe winters
with average temperature below
freezing point.
 CLIMATE-

• The taiga is characterized by a cold, harsh

climate, low rate of precipitation (snow
and rain), and short growing season.
Long, severe winters last up to 6 months,
with average temperatures below
freezing. Summers are short, lasting
maybe 50 to 100 days without frost.
THE TUNDRA REGION-
 LOCATION-
• Arctic tundra is found in high-altitude
areas, above the Arctic Circle—in
Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland,
Iceland, and Scandinavia, for example
—or on far southern regions, like
Antarctica. Alpine tundra is found at
very high elevations atop mountains,
where overnight temperatures falls
below freezing point.
 IN AREA FOUND-
• EUROPE- Greenland , Iceland, Northern
Scandinavia.
• NORTH AMERICA- Northern Canada,
Alaska.
• ASIA- Siberia
TUNDRA REGION
 INFORMATION IN BRIEF-
• Mountain goats, sheep, marmots, and
birds live in mountain—or alpine—
tundra and feed on the low-lying
plants and insects. Hardy flora like
cushion plants survive in the mountain
zones by growing in rock depressions,
where it is warmer and they are
sheltered from the wind.
 CLIMATE-

• The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. ...

Tundra is also found at the tops of very high
mountains elsewhere in the world.
Temperatures are frequently extremely cold,
but can get warm in the summers. Tundra
winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean
temperatures below 0°C for six to 10 months of
 PROOF READER AND EDITOR
PREPARED BY: ANUGYA RHEA SAHJWANI