This document provides an overview of electrical safety training. It covers basic principles of electricity including voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's law. It discusses hazards of electricity like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. It describes control measures like protective equipment, isolation of supply, earthing and RCDs. The document outlines safe working practices for working with live electrical systems, near overhead lines, and buried cables. It stresses the importance of inspection, maintenance and training for electrical safety.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety training. It covers basic principles of electricity including voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's law. It discusses hazards of electricity like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. It describes control measures like protective equipment, isolation of supply, earthing and RCDs. The document outlines safe working practices for working with live electrical systems, near overhead lines, and buried cables. It stresses the importance of inspection, maintenance and training for electrical safety.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety training. It covers basic principles of electricity including voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's law. It discusses hazards of electricity like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. It describes control measures like protective equipment, isolation of supply, earthing and RCDs. The document outlines safe working practices for working with live electrical systems, near overhead lines, and buried cables. It stresses the importance of inspection, maintenance and training for electrical safety.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety training. It covers basic principles of electricity including voltage, current, resistance and Ohm's law. It discusses hazards of electricity like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. It describes control measures like protective equipment, isolation of supply, earthing and RCDs. The document outlines safe working practices for working with live electrical systems, near overhead lines, and buried cables. It stresses the importance of inspection, maintenance and training for electrical safety.
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Electrical
Safety Training Welcome to • Course Times • Mobile Phone • Toilets Induction • • breaks Prayer • Smoking Areas • Feedback Learning Outcomes Electrical Safety Basic principles of electricity The hazards, Risk and danger of electricity Training Control measures Safe Working Practice Scope of the Traffic Accident Problem Principles Basic Principles • An electrical circuit comprises 3 elements: • Pressure = potential difference - Measures in Volts (V).
• Flow rate = current
• -measured in amps (I). • Resistance = obstruction in circuit • -measured in ohms (R). • Linked together by ohm’s law: •V=IxR Current Current can be thought of “flow”.
Electrons flow through the material, making up
a circuit.
Current unit= amps (A).
When two wires have different potential
voltages, current will flow if they are connected. Resistance
“resistance to flow”
The resistance of circuit to the passage
of the electrons.
Resistance: unit = ohm (Ω)
Ohm’s Law •V=IXR
• I = V/R
• R = V/I
• NB current od given the symbol “I”
• So, if you know the values for 2 of the elements, you can calculate the third The hazards, Risk and danger of electricity • Electric shock. • Electrical burns. • Fire and explosion. • Arcing • Secondary effects. Electrical shock
Contact surface area – more skin contact, more severe injury
Environmental factors – metal surfaces, humidity, etc.
Frequency – AC more harmful than DC at same shock current
Electrical Burns
Direct contact • Current flowing through the body. • Entry and exit point, and internal.
Indirect contact • As result of arcing, fire, or explosion following an electrical accident. Electrical Fire Causes: • Electrical equipment may be faulty and so overheat. • The system may be overloaded. • Equipment may be misused. • A flammable atmosphere may be present. • Electrical equipment may produce heat or sparks as part od its normal operation. • Poor internal connections. Arcing • Ability of electricity to “jump” across an air gap. • Usually involves high voltage.
Main hazards: - Electric shock. - Burns(direct,indirect) - Damage to eyes for UV radiation emitted. Portable Electrical Equipment
Conditions and practices likely to
lead to accidents: • Improper repairs, e.g. taped up joints. • Use of faulty, defective equipment. • Chemical/abrasion damage to the flex. • Lack of inspection testing or maintenance. Secondary Effects
Physical injury caused by an
electrical incident, e.g., falling off a ladder causing: • Cuts. • Bruises. • Broken bones. • Fall Dangerous Activities • Use of poorly maintained electrical equipment. • Use of electrical equipment in wet environments. • Work near overhead power lines. • Contact with underground power cables. • Work on mains electricity supplies. Protection of Conductors • Insulated to prevent contact with live conductor: • Cable coverings unbroken. • Equipment casing intact. • Inspect to ensure protection is in place. • Ensure electrical panels are locked. Strength and Capability of Equipment Electrical equipment must be carefully selected to ensure that it is suitable for the:
• Electrical system that it will become a part of.
• Task that it will perform. • Environment in which it will be used.
No electrical equipment should be put into use
where its electrical strength and capability may be exceeded. Strength and Capability of Equipment Consider: • Weather. • Natural hazards, e.g. gnawing by rats. • Extremes of temperature, e.g. heat from motors. • Dirty conditions. • Corrosive conditions. • Liquids and vapours, e.g. splashing. • Flammable substances. • Foreseeable mechanical damage. Protective Systems and Devices • Fuses and miniature circuit breakers. • Earthing. • Isolation of supply. • Double insulation. • Residual Current Devices (RCDs). • Reduced and low voltages. • Competent persons. Fuses • Prevents current overload:
- An overcurrent protection device.
• Weak link in a circuit. • Overheats and melts if the current exceeds the fuse rating. • Designed to protect equipment, not people. Earthing • In event of a fault, provides a safe path to earth. • Outer metal casing connected to earth by wire. • Electric shock should be minor. Isolation of Supply • Live parts or parts that might become live under fault conditions cannot be easily touched. • Often achieved by having two layers of insulation between live conductors and any external metal surfaces or external surfaces are non-conducting (plastic). • Called Class II equipment. • No need for earth protection. Double Insulation • Removal of electrical power from a circuit. • Switch/isolator or removing the plug. • Circuit ‘dead’ and safe to work on. • Physically secured by lock (lock-out/tag-out). • Should be clearly labelled. • Circuit should be tested. • Advantages? • Disadvantages? Competent Persons • Knowledge of electricity. • Experience of electrical work. • Understanding of the system. • Understanding of hazards and precautions. • Ability to recognise whether safe to continue work. General Safety • Check the information on your cord. • Extension cords are labeled with valuable information as to the use, size and wattage rating of the cord. • Determine the gauge needed. • Decide whether you will be using the appliance indoors or outdoors. • outdoors will be clearly marked “Suitable for Use with Outdoor Appliances.” • Never use an indoor extension cord outdoors; it could result in an electric shock or fire hazard. General Safety • Determine how long you need the cord to be. • As cord gets longer, the current carrying capacity of the cord gets lower. • Example: 16 gauge extension cord less than 50 feet in length can power a 1625 watt (W) appliance; 16 gauge cord that is longer than 50 feet can only power an appliance up to 1250W. • Place the cord correctly. • Do not place underneath carpets or heavy furniture. • Match the length of the cord to the length of your needs. Safe Systems of Work • Work ‘dead’ whenever possible. • Work on or near live electrical equipment: • Only under exceptional circumstances. • if controlled tightly. Working on a Live System • No live working unless no alternative. • If can not, Safe system of work to include: • Permit to work. • Competent person. • Insulating PPE. • Boots, gauntlets. • Insulated tools. • Designated work areas. Isolation • Usually requires: • The breaking of the circuit. • Physical securing of the break in the circuit. • Some form of label (or tag). Buried Cables • May be struck during excavations.
Can result in:
• Arcing, shock, burns, fire.
Precautions: • Check plans. • Detection equipment (e.g. CAT scanner). • Expose by hand digging. • Identify and label. Work Near Overhead Power Lines • Usually uninsulated. • Control measures: • Arrange isolation or cover (sleeve). • Safe systems of work and permit to work. • Barriers, signs, goal-posts. • Banksman (signaller). • Non-conducting equipment. Emergency Action • Don’t touch the casualty. • Call for help. • Isolate from the power supply. • Call for ambulance 997/911. • Check for breathing: • Recovery position if breathing. • Start CPR if not breathing. • Treat burns. • Treat for physiological shock. • Ensure medical help is obtained. Inspection and Maintenance Strategies • Applies to: • Fixed wiring systems. • Portable appliance testing. • User checks. • Formal visual inspection. • Combined inspection and testing. Frequency of Inspection and Testing
Frequency is determined by:
• Age of the equipment. • Working environment. • Frequency and duration of use. • Foreseeable abuse of the equipment. • Effects of any modifications or repairs. • Analysis of previous maintenance records. Training Train employees working with electrical equipment in safe working practices including: • De-energizing electrical equipment before inspecting or making repairs • Using electric tools in good repair • Using good judgment when working near energized lines • Using appropriate protective equipment (PPE) Learning Outcomes
Electrical Basic principles of electricity
Safety The hazards, Risk and danger of
electricity Training Control measures Safe Working Practice Any Questions ?
