Krebs Cycle: Presented by Freya Ponce

KREBS CYCLE
Presented by Freya Ponce

Content
1 What is Krebs cycle?
2 Breaking down of pyruvate
3 Steps in the Citric acid cycle

• Also known as the citric acid cycle, the Krebs
cycle or TCA cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid).
• Series of chemical reactions to release stored
What is energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA

derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Krebs • Chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria,

through which almost all living cells produce
Cycle? energy in aerobic respiration.
• It uses oxygen and gives out water and carbon

dioxide as products.
This single pathway is called by different names:
The citric acid cycle

For the first intermediate formed-citric acid or citrate when acetate joins
to the oxaloacetate.
The tricarboxylic acid cycle
Since citric acid or citrate and isocitrate are tricarboxylic acids
The Krebs cycle
After Hans Krebs, who postulated the detailed
cycle and who first identified the steps in the
pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles.
Function of the Krebs cycle
The cycle harnesses the

 Is to produce available chemical energy of
energy, stored and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)
transported as ATP into the reducing power of
or GTP. nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NADH).
If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration will go forward. In
eukaryotic cells, the pyruvate molecules produced at the end of
glycolysis are transported into mitochondria, which are the next sites
of cellular respiration.
Pyruvate will be transformed into an acetyl group that will be picked

up and activated by a carrier compound called coenzyme A (COA).
The resulting compound is called acetyl CoA.
CoA is made from vitamin B pantothenic acid.
Acetyl CoA can be used in a variety of ways by the cell, but its
major function is to deliver the acetyl group derived from pyruvate to
the next stage of the pathway in glucose catabolism.
BREAKING DOWN OF PYRUVATE
In order for the pyruvate from glycolysis to enter the next pathway, the
citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs Cycle, it must
undergo several changes. The conversion is a three-step process.
Step 1. Step 2. Step 3.

A carboxyl group is The hydroxyethyl group is oxidized The enzyme-bound
removed from to an acetyl group, and the acetyl group is
pyruvate, releasing a electrons are picked up by NAD, transferred to CoA,
molecule of carbon forming NADH. The high-energy producing a molecule
dioxide into the electrons from NADH will be used of acetyl CoA.
surrounding medium. later to generate ATP.
Acetyl CoA to CO
Acetyl CoA delivers its acetyl group to a four-carbon molecule,
oxaloacetate, to form citrate, a six-carbon mole cule with three
carboxyl groups. This pathway will harvest the remainder of the
extractable energy from what began as a glucose molecule.
Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle

The citric acid is a closed loop. The part of the pathway
generates the compound used in the first step. The eight
steps of the cycle are a series of redox, dehydration,
hydration and decarboxylation reactions that produce two
carbon dioxide molecule, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms
of NADH and FADH2.
Steps in the Citric acid cycle
Step 1: Formation of Citrate Step 2: Formation of

Isocitrate
The first reaction of the cycle is
the condensation of acetyl-CoA The citrate is rearranged to
with oxaloacetate to form form an isomeric form,
citrate, catalyzed by citrate isocitrate by an enzyme
synthase. acontinase.
Step 4: Oxidation of α-
Step 3: Oxidation of Isocitrate
to α-Ketoglutarate Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA
In this step, isocitrate Alpha-ketoglutarate is
dehydrogenase catalyzes oxidized, carbon dioxide is
oxidative decarboxylation of removed, and coenzyme A is
isocitrate to form α- added to form the 4-carbon
ketoglutarate. compound succinyl-CoA.
TEXT
Step 5: Conversion of Step 6: Oxidation of
Succinyl-CoA to Succinate to
Succinate
Fumarate
CoA is removed from
Succinate is oxidized
succinyl-CoA to
produce succinate. to fumarate.
Step 8: Oxidation of Malate
TEXT
Step 7: Hydration of
to Oxaloacetate
Malate is oxidized to produce
Fumarate to Malate
oxaloacetate, the starting
The reversible hydration compound of the citric acid
of fumarate to L-malate cycle by malate
is catalyzed by fumarase dehydrogenase. During this
(fumarate hydratase). oxidation, NAD+ is reduced
to NADH + Have+.
Products of the Citric Acid Cycle
Each turn of the cycle forms three NADH molecules and

one FADH2 molecule. These carriers will connect with
the last portion of aerobic respiration to produce ATP
molecules. Tne GTP or ATP is also made in each
cycleUsed by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to
generate energy-rich ATP.
Significance of Krebs Cycle
Intermediate compounds formed during Krebs cycle are used

for the synthesis of biomolecules like amino acids, nucleotides,
chlorophyll, cytochromes and fats etc.
Intermediate like succinyl CoA takes part in the formation of

chlorophyll.
Amino Acids are formed from α- Ketoglutaric acid, pyruvic acids

and oxaloacetic acid.
Krebs cycle (citric Acid cycle) releases
plenty of energy (ATP) required for
various metabolic activities of cell.
By this cycle, carbon skeleton are got,

which are used in process of growth and
for maintaining the cells.
THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING
2022.11.14

Krebs Cycle: Presented by Freya Ponce

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KREBS CYCLE

Presented by Freya Ponce

2 Breaking down of pyruvate

3 Steps in the Citric acid cycle

• Series of chemical reactions to release stored

What is energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA

Krebs • Chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria,

Cycle? energy in aerobic respiration.

• It uses oxygen and gives out water and carbon

The citric acid cycle

The cycle harnesses the

Pyruvate will be transformed into an acetyl group that will be picked

CoA is made from vitamin B pantothenic acid.

Step 1. Step 2. Step 3.

Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle

Step 1: Formation of Citrate Step 2: Formation of

Each turn of the cycle forms three NADH molecules and

Intermediate compounds formed during Krebs cycle are used

Intermediate like succinyl CoA takes part in the formation of

Amino Acids are formed from α- Ketoglutaric acid, pyruvic acids

By this cycle, carbon skeleton are got,

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