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PAINTING
A
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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
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• Define what is painting. (U)
• Identify the elements of painting. (R)
• Discuss the color wheel. (U)
• Enumerate the categories of color wheel. (R)
• Identify and describe the medium of painting. (R)
• List down the symbolism and meaning of primary colors. (R)
• Value the purpose of arts especially in painting. (An)
• Create your own painting using a canvass. (C)
 Elements of Painting
Line - It has a continuous marking made by a moving point to outlines shape and can
contour areas within those outlines. It can suggest movement (vertical, horizontal,
diagonal, and curved). Each line has its meaning:

• Vertical line stress action, strength, dynamism;

• Horizontal line means serenity, calmness, stability;

• Diagonal line express tension, movement;

• Curved lines appear softness, flexibility, gentleness.

Color - It is the result of wavelengths of lights reflecting of objects. It is
composed of three distinct qualities such as the hue, saturation, and value.

Texture - It is a component of two-sided and three-sided designs and distinguished by its

perceived visual and physical properties. It is used to describe the way a three-dimensional
work feels when touched. In two-dimensional models, such as painting, it may refer to the
visual "feel" of a piece (Isaac, 2017).

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Perspective - It is an art technique for creating an illusion of three-dimension with
depth and space.
It is projected according to its levels namely: foreground, middle ground, and
background.
 •The foreground is the visual plane that appears closer to the viewers.
•Background is the plane in a composition perceived farthest from the viewers.
•The middle ground is the illustrative plane between the foreground and the
background.

Shapes - It is an element in painting that helps express ideas. They maybe circles,
rectangles, ovals, or square. It is an area with defined boundary created by a variety of
color, value or texture of the areas adjacent to it.

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Symbols - The artists often include symbolic objects in their paintings that have a
special meaning or a special message. It is used to express ideas such as death, hope, life,
etc.
 The Color Wheel and its Categories
colors play a fundamental role in our lives
and how we respond to our environment
colors wheel also known as a color circle is a
visual representation of color arranged based
to theirclTitle
chromatic relationship Title text
text
color wheel
additionis divided into 12 segmes
addition

according to it's pigment value

Colors can be categorized based on the
following:
 Co
1 co mp 2An 5
col alogo
3 4 Coo
l o r le m or us Neu Wa lc
en tra rm olo
tar l colo rs
y rs

 These  they are  these colors are

 these colors
 these colors made withol
colors sit sometimes called are made
sit next to orange, red and
contrary to "earth tones". with
each other yellow or some
each other These colors don't blue,green,
on the color combination of
on the color usually show up purple or
wheel these.
wheel on the color some
Ex. Orange, Colors of the sunset
Ex. Red and wheel. give a feeling of combination
yellow -orange,
green Ex. Black. White, brightness and heat of these
and yellow
brown and beige
 Symbolism and Meaning
of Primary Colors

Red Color
Warmest S
Fiery heat
Warmth
Life and vitality
T
 Essential to human life
because:

 It increases enthusiasm and interest.

 It gives more energy.
 It reinforces action and confidence.
 It protects us from fears and anxieties.
Blue Color
 Calmest
 Inspiration
 Sincerity
 Spirituality
S

T
 Important to human life
because:

 It is a sign of calmness and relaxation.

 It opens the flow of communication.
 It broadens our perspective in learning new
information.
 It implies solitude and peace.
 Yellow Color
 Easiest to recognize
 Creativity
 Intellectual vitality


Wisdom
Happiness
S
 Brings awareness
 Clarity
T
 Vital to human life
because:

 It helps us in making decisions

 It relieves us from burnout, panic, nervousness,
exhaustion
 It sharpens our memory and concentration
skills
 It protects us from depression
 What could
our life be
without color?
 Mediums in Painting
 There are different mediums in paintings used today. It helps to
describe the elements that bind the colors in the paint. The
following are examples of the methods used in painting:
Oil - It is the type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment
suspended in drying oils such as linseed oil, poppy seed oil, safflower oil and
walnut oil.
LINSEED OIL
Pastel - It is an art medium in the shape of a stick or crayons. It
consists of pure powdered color and a binder. Dry pastel can be
classified as soft pastels, pan pastels, hard pastels, and pastel
pencils.

Acrylic - It is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in

acrylic polymer emulsion which becomes water-resistant when
dry.
Watercolor - It is the medium which the paints are made of
colors suspended in a water- soluble vehicle. It is usually
transparent and appears luminous because the pigments are
laid down in a relatively pure form with few types of filler
obscuring the pigment colors.

Ink - It is a liquid that contains colors and dyes and is applied to a

surface to produce an image, text, or design. It is for drawing with
a brush, or pen.
 Encaustic - It is heated beeswax to which colored stains are
added. The paste is then applied to a wood-based canvas.

Fresco - It refers to any of several related mural painting types,

executed on walls, ceilings or any other kind of flat surface. The term
fresco comes from the Italian word “affresco” which means “fresh.”
Gouache - It is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and
other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting
technique.

Enamel - It is a paint that air dries to a durable, usually glossy

and solid finish. It is used for outdoor coating surfaces or
otherwise subject to variations in temperature.
Spray paint - It is the type of paint that comes in a sealed
pressurized bottles and released in a fine spray.

Tempera - It is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium

consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder
method.
 Classifications of
1. Western Styles
Painting Styles
a. Abstraction – It is an art in painting which does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction
of a visual reality but instead use colors, shapes, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
b. Expressionism – It is sometimes called emotional realism. In this style, the artists sought
to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical truth.
c.Baroque – It is characterized by dynamism (a sense of motion), which is augmented by
extravagant effects (e.g., sharp curves, rich decoration).
d.Impressionism – It is a type of art presenting the real-life subject with emphasis on the
impression left in the artist’s perception, particularly the effect of light on the object used as a
subject.
e.Modernism – It is characterized by a cautious rejection of the styles of the past and
emphasizing innovation and experimentation of materials and techniques instead to create better
artworks.
 2. Modern Style
a. Realism – It is a style of b. Symbolism – It is an art c. Fauvism – It refers to
painting practiced before the that represents the subject art that used brilliant
invention of the camera, where symbolically. For instance, the primary colors or color
artists depicted landscapes and “Spoliarium” painting of Juan illumination on subjects like
humans with as much attention Luna depicts the suffering of pictures to emphasize
to detail and precision as the Filipino people from the comfort, joy, and leisure.
possible. hands of the Spaniards.

M
🌸 2. Modern Style

e. Surrealism – It is a
d. Cubism – It is a form of
type of art wherein the
abstraction wherein the
artist creates dreamlike
object is first reduced to
paintings that filled with
cubes and then flattened into
mysterious objects.
two-dimensional shapes.
A
SCULPTURE

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EEE F
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
G
• Describe the nature and background of sculpture. (U)
• Identify the types of arts sculpture. (R)
• Enumerate the medium and techniques of making sculpture. (R)
• Explain the importance of sculpture. (U)
• List down the basic sculpture terms. (R)
• Create sculpture carving through the use of soap. (C)
 E The Origin of Sculpture
Sculpture is from the Latin It has sought to produce artworks One of the oldest
word "sculpere" which means that are as permanent and is sculptures discovered is
“to carve.” working in durable and expensive an ivory statuette, dating
materials such as bronze granite, approximately 30,000
-The tools used in sculpture limestone, marble, and stone. BCE from a cave at
are varied and is changing More rarely, precious metals such Hohlenstein-Stadel,
throughout history. It engages as gold, ivory, jade, and silver Germany called
our sense differently than were used for chryselephantine Löwenmensch (which
paintings because it occupies works. More common and less means a “lion-human”).
space as a three-dimensional expensive materials were also This Paleolithic period
mass through carving, used for broader consumption, statue is about 12” tall
casting, modeling or like cast metals, ceramics, glass, and depicts a human
assembling materials and hardwoods. figure with a feline face.
• Another very iconic and famous piece of sculpture is “the Sphinx” of Egypt. This
sculpture of an image of the pharaoh Khafre and is part of a funerary complex for the
pharaoh. Egyptian sculpture and all Egyptian art were on the belief in a life after death
wherein the body of their ruler (the pharaoh) was preserved carefully and buried with
some goods with him to provide for his needs forever.
The Egyptians often combined features from various creatures to symbolize ideas. For
example, the head of the pharaoh Khafre is added to the bowing figure of a lion to form the
Great Sphinx. This type of masterpiece suggests the combination of human intelligence and
animal strength. The Great Sphinx of Egypt is an enormous sandstone sculpture, measuring
240’ ft. Long and 65’ ft. High.
 Importance of Sculpture

• The sculpture is a perceptive-regeneration of reality through the use of three-

dimensional form. 63
• As a specialized work of art, its objective is to exemplify a concept by forming a
visual equivalent. 30%

• Likewise, the making of sculpture is with the idea of expressing religious, personal,
and political views.
• Statues and sculptures have always been96%an integral part of museums and art
history.
• Sculptures and miniatures have also become more popular as decoration items, and
45%
in the long term, valuable art investment.
 TYPES OF SCULPTURE
1. Bust- is a sculpted and painted representation of the upper part of the human
figure such as the head, neck, shoulders, chest or breast.One of the famous
bust in Sculpture is Bust of Queen Nefertiti of Thutmose(1340 BC)

2.Statue - A statue is a life-size or a larger size of a sculpture of a person or

an animal, made of metal, stone or wood..One of the famous example of
statue in Sculpture is the world's tallest statue the Spring Temple Buddha
in Henan, China.
Architectural - Architectural sculpture is a universal
classification used to describe a structural design such as
buildings, bridges, burial chamber and other big projects.
One of the famous example of Architectural in Sculpture
is La Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain.
 Medium and
•
techniques
Sculpture techniques have the aim of providing practical and technical support through
several procedures. These processes are either additive (added material) or subtractive
(material is removed or carved out). Sculptures primarily use four basic techniques, namely:

1.Carving - It is a procedure in which the artists cut away objects until reached the
desired form. Various tools are used, depending the materials to be carved and the
statue to which the work has progressed.

a.Stone carving - It is a type of sculpture which requires patience and

planning. It is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone through the
use of essential hand tools like hammer and chisel.
 b.Wood carving - It is the art of shaping objects of wood using
cutting tools. It is done through a specialized carving knife (used to
cut or smooth the wood), the slicer saw (used to cut off chunks of
wood), the chisel (used for lines and cleaning up flat surfaces), and
the gouge (used in carving hollows, rounds, and sweeping curves).

2.Casting - Casting is a method by which a liquid material is usually poured into a frame
or pattern, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to
harden. It has two types, namely:
a.Glass casting - It is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural
stone through the use of essential hand tools like hammer and chisel.

b.Slip casting - It is a technique for the mass-production of pottery,

especially for shapes not easily made on a wheel.
 3.Molding - Molding sculpture is an additive process. It is the
working of soft or plastic materials (like clay and wax) by hand to
build up or shape to create a form.

4.Assembling - Assembling is an additive process of gathering

and joining different materials to create an assembled artwork. An
example of assemblage is Martin Puryear's network of welded
and sandblasted stainless steel tubes whose joints are bound
together by strands of silver and patented bronze.
Basic Sculpture Terms
1.Armature - It is skeleton-like
framework used to support the building
of paper-mâché, usually made or stiff
wire.

2.Assemblage - It is a three-dimensional art

assembly of various materials, often taken
from scraps, junk, or various natural or
human-made objects.
3.Base - It is the portion of the work
on which the sculpture rest.

4.Craftsmanship - It is a skill with

which one uses tools and materials in
producing art.
 5.Plaster of Paris - It is an
excellent white powder which sets
hard when blended in the water.

6.Freestanding - It refers to a method

when a sculpture is intended to view from
all sides.
7.Manipulation - It is a process of shaping
an object by a skilled worker.

8.Replica - It refers to a
precise reproduction of an
artwork.
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