DET40073 - Topic 2c

DET40073- POWER ELECTRONICS
TOPIC 2 (C)
THREE-PHASE HALF-WAVE
RECTIFIER
Three-phase Half Wave Rectifier
• Two types of Three-phase Half Wave Rectifier :
i. Uncontrolled rectifier
- resistive load
ii. Controlled rectifier

- resistive load
THREE-PHASE
UNCONTROLLED HALF-
WAVE
RECTIFIER WITH
RESISTIVE LOAD
Three-phase Uncontrolled Half wave
rectifier with resistive load
Circuit connection
Three-phase Uncontrolled Half wave rectifier
with resistive load
Operation circuit :
 When V1 is more positive than V2 and V3, diode D1 will

conduct while diode D2 and D3 still not conducting.
 Then when V1 start to decrease, V2 will become more
positive. So diode D1 will stop conduct while diode D2 will
start to conduct but D3 still not conducting.
 Later, V2 start to decrease but V3 will become more positive.
So diode D2 will stop conduct while diode D3 will start
conducting but diode D1 still not conducting.
Input voltage
Output voltage
Output waveforms
THREE-PHASE
CONTROLLED HALF-
WAVE
RECTIFIER
WITH RESISTIVE LOAD
Three-phase Controlled Half wave
Circuit connection
Three-phase Controlled Half wave rectifier
with resistive load
 At a given instant time, only one SCR will conduct at a time
which is having instantaneous phase voltage positive (and
which is maximum with respect to the neutral).
 The firing control at each gate of T1, T2 & T3 is always
measured with respect to the phase cross-over points.
 Phase cross over points are those where two phases intersects
at a point. This point is generally taken as a reference point,
and it is measured from ‘α’ = 0.
 Average voltage can be control by controlling the phase firing
angle, α. The V1, V2 and V3 is the phase voltage.
 Each SCR will conduct for 120˚ and reversed biased for 240˚.
 When SCR is conduct, it will connect input voltage terminal to
output terminal. That is why the waveform of output voltage is
same as ac phase voltage.
Operation circuit :
• Mode 1 : At ωt = 30˚;
 Phase ‘V1’ is more positive with respect to other phases.
 So, SCR T1 is in forward biased as it connected to phase

‘V1’ and will start to conduct when gate T1 is fired at α =
and would conduct up to 150°.

6
 During the conduction period of SCR T1, the T2 and T3 are
reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load current
follows the path V1 – T1 – load R – N.
 Mode 2 : At ωt = 150˚;
 Phase ‘V2’ is more positive with respect to other phases.
 So, thyristor T2 is in forward biased as it connected to

phase ‘V2’ and will start to conduct when gate T2 is fired
at α = 5and
 would conduct up to 270°.

6
 During the conduction period of SCR T2, the T1 and T3
are reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load
current follows the path V2 – T2 – load R – N.
 Mode 3 : At ωt = 270˚;
 Phase ‘V3’ is more positive with respect to the other phases.
 So, thyristor T3 is in forward biased as it connected to

phase ‘V3’ and will start to conduct when gate T3 is fired at
α= and
3 would conduct up to 390°.

2
 During the conduction period of SCR T3, the T1 and T2 are
reversed biased by a load voltage polarity. The load current
follows the path V3 – T3 – load R – N.
Output waveforms
 With resistive load, there are two modes of operation :
1) Continuous conduction (  30)
2) Discontinuous conduction   30

1) Continuous conduction (  30)
• Generally the firing angle is being measured from the cross over point.
When the firing angle is varied between 1 to 30° , continuous conduction
takes place.
• The reason is that when ‘α’ = 30°, then the SCR T1 have chance to
conduct up to 180°. The total conduction period is 120°, (α = 30° means
from the cross over point firing angle is 30°, T1 conducts at ωt = 60° and
ends at 180°)
2) Discontinuous conduction   30
 If the firing angle is kept more than 30° , the conduction angle will be less than
120°.
 The output voltage current waveform will be discontinuous in nature.

Advantages and disadvantages
of the Three-Phase over Single Phase
AC to DC converter.
Advantage Disadvantage
 Higher average output voltage
 PIV rating of diode is higher
 Filtering circuit to smooth the
 Higher PIV diodes are larger in size
output voltage is simple
and costlier
 Produces higher ripple frequency
 More power losses
 Produces higher ripple frequency
 Higher overall efficiency
 Suitable for high-power variable
speed drives
Question 1
Sketch the circuit connection of Three-phase Uncontrolled Half-wave Rectifier
with Resistive load.
Question 2
Sketch the waveform of input voltage (Vin) and output voltage (Vo) for Three-phase
Controlled Half-wave Rectifier with Resistive load at the firing angle, α = 60°
Question 3
Based on the waveform below, give the expression of the average output voltage.
TOPIC 2 (C)
End of sub topic..

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DET40073- POWER ELECTRONICS

• Two types of Three-phase Half Wave Rectifier :

ii. Controlled rectifier

 When V1 is more positive than V2 and V3, diode D1 will

 Phase ‘V1’ is more positive with respect to other phases.

 So, SCR T1 is in forward biased as it connected to phase

 Phase ‘V2’ is more positive with respect to other phases.

 So, thyristor T2 is in forward biased as it connected to

 Phase ‘V3’ is more positive with respect to the other phases.

 So, thyristor T3 is in forward biased as it connected to

1) Continuous conduction (  30)

2) Discontinuous conduction   30

 The output voltage current waveform will be discontinuous in nature.

End of sub topic..

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