Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Fisika 3

    Uploaded by

    Suryani Saragih
    Letting go from the tree branch was not the right strategy to avoid being hit by the water balloon. While his vertical motion is affected by gravity, the horizontal motion of the water balloon remains unchanged. So the water balloon would still hit the falling boy at the same horizontal distance d from where he let go, regardless of his vertical motion. A better strategy would have been to dodge sideways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fisika 3

    Uploaded by

    Suryani Saragih
    12 views28 pages
    Letting go from the tree branch was not the right strategy to avoid being hit by the water balloon. While his vertical motion is affected by gravity, the horizontal motion of the water balloon remains unchanged. So the water balloon would still hit the falling boy at the same horizontal distance d from where he let go, regardless of his vertical motion. A better strategy would have been to dodge sideways.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Letting go from the tree branch was not the right strategy to avoid being hit by the water balloon. While his vertical motion is affected by gravity, the horizontal motion of the water balloon remains unchanged. So the water balloon would still hit the falling boy at the same horizontal distance d from where he let go, regardless of his vertical motion. A better strategy would have been to dodge sideways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views28 pages

    Fisika 3

    Uploaded by

    Suryani Saragih
    Letting go from the tree branch was not the right strategy to avoid being hit by the water balloon. While his vertical motion is affected by gravity, the horizontal motion of the water balloon remains unchanged. So the water balloon would still hit the falling boy at the same horizontal distance d from where he let go, regardless of his vertical motion. A better strategy would have been to dodge sideways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    CHAPTER 3

    PROJECTILE MOTION
    Learning outcomes:
    Build the competencies of students to
    understand the concept of combined
    vertical-horizontal movements and to find
    the formula to predict:

    a.Apex point (hmax)

    b.Time needed to reach hmax

    c.Time needed to reach Smax

    d.The maximum displacement (Smax)


    Projectile motion: a body in free fall moving in
    two dimensions that is subject to the forces of
    gravity and air resistance and its path is a
    “parabola”

    Bodies projected into the air are projectiles.

    Examples of moving body as projectile:


    Shot putt High jumper Long jumper
    Soccer ball Baseball Ski jumper

    What are the components of the movement?


    It can be understood
    by analyzing the:
    • horizontal
    • vertical
    motions separately.

    This diagram is
    drawn using a
    correct scale.

    Which velocity is
    changing as time
    goes by?
    The speed in the x-
    direction is constant; in
    the y-direction the object
    moves with constant
    acceleration “g”.
    This photograph shows two
    y
    balls that start to fall at the
    same time. The one on the right
    has an initial speed in the x-
    direction. It can be seen that
    vertical positions of the two
    x balls are identical at identical
    times, while the horizontal
    position of the yellow ball
    increases linearly.
    If an object is launched at an initial angle of θ0
    with the horizontal, the analysis is similar except
    that the initial velocity has a vertical component.
    This diagram is
    drawn using a
    correct scale.

    Which velocity is
    changing as time
    goes by?
    Objectives when launching projectiles:

    – Influence time of flight


    • Maximum
    • Minimum

    – Maximize horizontal displacement

    – Maximize vertical displacement


    Factors Influencing Projectile Trajectory

    Trajectory: the flight path of a projectile

    • Angle of projection

    • Projection speed

    • Relative height of projection


    Angle of Projection

    • General shapes
    – Perfectly vertical (angle = ?)
    – Parabolic (angle = ?)
    – Perfectly horizontal (angle = ?)

    • Implications in sports

    • Air resistance may cause


    irregularities
    Projection speed:

    Range:
    – horizontal displacement.

    – For oblique projection angles,


    speed determines height and
    range

    – For vertical projection angle,


    speed determines height.
    Relative Projection Height

    Difference between projection


    and landing height

    Greater the relative projection


    height, longer the flight time,
    greater the displacement.
    Optimum Projection Conditions
    • Maximize the speed of projection
    • Maximize release height
    • Optimum angle of projection
    – Release height = 0, then angle = 450
      Release height, then  angle
      Release height, then  angle
    • Complimentary angles (A + B = 90) have the
    same range
    – Large angle – higher and slower time: tennis lob,
    punt
    – Small angle – lower and faster time: baseball throw
    Analyzing Projectile Motion

    Initial velocity:
    • Horizontal component is constant
    – Horizontal acceleration = 0
    • Vertical component is constantly changing
    – Vertical acceleration = -9.81 m/s2
    A projectile launched with velocity will have both vertical &
    horizontal components of that velocity.

    Horizontal & Vertical Components:


    •Vertical is influenced by gravity

    •No force (neglecting air resistance) affects the horizontal

    •Horizontal relates to distance

    •Vertical relates to maximum height achieved

    •Horizontal and vertical components are independent


    The Influence of Gravity

    • Major influence of vertical


    component
    • Not the horizontal component

    Force of Gravity:
    – Constant, unchanging
    A body projected
    – Negative acceleration (-9.81 straight upward will
    m/s2) have the same speed
    Apex: at the end of its flight
    as it did when it was
    – Highest Point launched
    – Vertical velocity = 0 m/s
    Influence of Air Resistance

    • In a vacuum, horizontal speed of a projectile


    remains constant

    • Air resistance affects the horizontal speed of a


    projectile

    • This class, horizontal velocity will be regarded as


    constant
    Equations of
    Constant Acceleration

    Galileo’s Laws of constant acceleration:


    v2 = v1 + at
    S = v1t + ½at2
    V22 = v21 + 2 aS
    S = displacement; v = velocity; a = acceleration; t = time
    Subscript 1 & 2 represent first or initial and second or final
    point in time
    Equations of
    Constant Acceleration

    Horizontal component : a = 0

    v2 = v1
    S = v1t
    V22 = v21
    Equations of
    Constant Acceleration

    Vertical component: a = -9.81 m/s2, initial velocity of zero


    (a dropped object)
    v2 = at
    S = ½ at2
    V22 = 2aS
    Vertical component at apex: a = 0
    0 = v21 + 2aS (det. max height)
    0 = v1 + at
    (total flight time – multiply by 2)
    Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion

    Projectile motion is motion with constant


    acceleration in two dimensions, where the
    acceleration is g and is down.
    Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion: Procedures

    1. Read the problem carefully, and choose the object(s)


    you are going to analyze.
    2. Draw a diagram.
    3. Choose an origin and a coordinate system.
    4. Decide on the time interval;
    this is the same in both directions, and includes only
    the time the object is moving with constant
    acceleration g.
    5. Examine the x and y motions separately.
    Based on the similarity to vertical and horizontal
    motions, if an object is launched at initial velocity
    of Vo with angle of projection o, what are the
    formulas to predict:

    •Apex point (hmax), Vx = ?; Vy = ?; ay = ?; ax = ?


    •Time needed to reach hmax
    •Time needed to reach Smax
    •The maximum displacement (Smax), Vx = ?; Vy
    = ?; ay = ?; ax = ?
    Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion: Procedures

    6. List known and unknown quantities. Remember


    that vx never changes, and that vy = 0 at the highest
    point.

    7. Plan how you will proceed. Use the appropriate


    equations; you may have to combine some of them.
    Driving Off A Cliff
    Vy = 0
    Vx = ?
    ho

    h
    A movie stunt driver on a motorcycle speeds
    horizontally off a 50.0-m-high cliff. How fast
    must the motorcycle leave the cliff top to land
    on level ground below, 90.0 m from the base of
    the cliff where the cameras are? Ignore air
    resistance.
    Driving Off A Cliff Through a Ramp

    A stunt driver drives a red mustang convertible up a


    ramp and off a cliff. The car leaves the ramp at a
    velocity of 60 m/s at an angle of 45o to the horizontal;
    the cliff and ramp combined cause the car to begin its
    projectile motion at a height of 315m above the
    ground. If you were coordinating this stunt, how far
    away would you put a landing surface so that your
    stunt driver was not injured?
    A Kicked Football

    A football is kicked at an angle θ0 = 37.0° with a velocity


    of 20.0 m/s, as shown. Calculate (a) the maximum
    height, (b) the time of travel before the football hits the
    ground, (c) how far away it hits the ground, (d) the
    velocity vector at the maximum height, and (e) the
    acceleration vector at maximum height. Assume the
    ball leaves the foot at ground level, and ignore air
    resistance and rotation of the ball.
    Conceptual Problem:
    Where does the apple land?

    A child sits upright in a wagon


    which is moving to the right at
    constant speed as shown. The
    child extends her hand and throws
    an apple straight upward (from her
    own point of view), while the
    wagon continues to travel forward
    at constant speed. If air resistance
    is neglected, will the apple land (a)
    behind the wagon, (b) in the
    wagon, or (c) in front of the
    wagon?
    Conceptual Problem: The wrong strategy.

    A boy on a small hill aims his water-balloon slingshot


    horizontally, straight at a second boy hanging from a
    tree branch a distance d away. At the instant the water
    balloon is released, the second boy lets go and falls
    from the tree, hoping to avoid being hit. Show that he
    made the wrong move. (He hadn’t studied physics
    yet.) Ignore air resistance.

    You might also like