Flexural strength of Ferrocement pannel

Project Mentor:-Dr. Darshan Gaidhankar

Group Members:-
•Mandar Gaikwad
•Prajwal Wagh
•Shivratna Jagtap
•Aishwarya Shedge
 CONTENT
1. WHAT IS FERROCEMENT?
2. ADVANTAGES OF FERROCEMENT
3. STUDY OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FERROCEMENT SLAB PANELS
4. Flexural Behavior Of Flat And Folded Ferrocement Panels
5. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF FERROCEMENT PANELS
6. STUDY OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FERROCEMENT SLAB PANELS
7. Flexural Behaviour of Ferro cement Slab Panels Using Expanded Metal
Mesh Incorporating Steel Fibers
8. Impact Strength of Ferrocement Panel under Low Velocity Impact Loading
9. Comparative Study of Flat and Curved Ferrocement Panels
10.Analysis and Design of Ferrocement Panels an Experimental Study
11.Impact Strength of Ferrocement Panel under Low Velocity Impact Loading
 What is Ferrocement?
• Ferrocement is a highly versatile form of reinforced concrete made up of wire
mesh, sand, water, and cement, which possesses unique qualities of strength and
serviceability. It can be constructed with a minimum of skilled labor and utilizes
readily available materials.
Types of wire mesh
 Advantages
• Basic raw materials readily exist in most
countries.
• Made-up into any desired outline.
• Low labour skill necessary.
• No difficulty of construction, low mass and
extended lifetime.
• Low construction material cost.
• improved resistance against earthquake.
“STUDY OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FERROCEMENT SLAB PANELS”
Author:-Jamal Ababakr Ahmed,Razaq Ferhadi

• ABSTRACT:- Ferrocement panels are versatile forms of precast concrete consist of cement,
wire mesh, sand, and water that is known for high strength. However, the ideal
composition of cement mortar, admixture proportions, and thickness of the panels are
not well studied. This paper describes the results of numerous experiments conducted on
flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layer and variation
in panel thickness to determine the optimum flexure strength based on the criteria
provided below. The main objective of these experimental tests is to determine the ideal
combination of wire mesh layers and panel thickness to obtain the optimum flexural
strength for flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of
wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of this type of ferrocement
elements. In this study, the specimens were divided into eight groups to investigate the
strength and behavior of ferrocement flat panels subjected to two-point loading. Two
different composition of cement mortar are used to study the strength of element in case
of using fly-ash instead of %15 by weight of cement in mortar. Thirty six ferrocement
elements were constructed and tested. In addition, two cases of wire mesh layers are
tested, which are two-layer case and four-layer case. Also, two cases of panel thicknesses
are tested, which are 25mm and 30 mm cases.
Uneversal testing machine
Concluding:- Remarks Based upon the experimental test results of the ferrocement panels the
following conclusions can be stated:
• The flexural loads at first crack and ultimate loads depend on number of reinforcing mesh
layers used in ferrocement.
• For 25 mm thick slabs using four layers gave approximately 30% increase in flexural strength as
compared to two layered slab specimen. Also the cracking load delayed by about 18% for the
four layer meshes slab as compared to two layered slab specimen. For 30 mm thick slabs
bending strength increased by about 70% for slabs with four layers of meshes and the cracking
load delayed by approximately 80% as compared to two layered slab specimen.
• Also the deflection decreased by about 65%. Therefore increasing the number of layers of
wire mesh from 2 to 4 layers significantly increases the ductility and capability to absorb
energy of both of the panels. Increase in number of mesh layers improves the ductile behavior
of ferrocement slabs.
• Increasing the thickness also affected the final breaking load for slab panels. They show that
slab panels with 30 mm thickness gave 43% increase in final breaking load in comparison to
slab panels with 25mm thickness. also first cracking load increased 52%. Therefore increasing
the thickness of ferrocement panels from 25 mm to 30 mm significantly increases the ductility
and capability to absorb energy of both of the panels.
• Using fly ash, as 15% replacement by weight of cement, caused a slight decrease in the flexural
strength for some of the and a slight increase for the others. it shows that this amount of fly
ash does not considerably affect the flexural strength of the slab panels. Compressive strength
test results for two groups of cubes show that using fly ash (15% by weight of cement)
decreases 37% of compressive strength of cubes as compared to cubes without fly ash
 “Flexural Behavior Of Flat And Folded Ferrocement Panels”
Author:-Mohamad N. Mahmood ,Sura A. Majeed

Abstract :-
• The present paper describes the results of testing folded and flat ferrocement panels
reinforced with different number of wire mesh layers. The main objective of these
experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers on the
flexural strength of folded and flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying
the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of these types of
ferrocement structure. Seven ferrocement elements were constructed and tested each
having (600x380mm) horizontal projection and 20mm thick, consisting of four flat panels and
three folded panels. The used number of wire mesh layers is one, two and three layers. The
experimental results show that flexural strength of the folded panels increased by 37% and
90% for panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively, compared with that having
single layer, while for flat panel the increase in flexural strength compared with panel of plan
mortar is 4.5%, 65% and 68% for panels having 1, 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively. The
strength capacity of the folded panels, having the particular geometry used in the present
study, is in the order of 3.5 to 5 times that of the corresponding flat panels having the same
number of wire mesh layers. Both types are also analyzed using finite element method to
check the flexural stresses in these panels under self weight and cracking load
Concluding Remarks :- Based upon the experimental test results of the folded
and flat panels the following can be stated:

• The cracking load was not significantly affected by the number of the wire
mesh particularly for the folded panels.
• The flexural strength of the folded panel increased by 37 and 90 percent for
panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers compared with that of single layer;
while for the flat panel the percentage increase in the flexural strength using
2 and 3 layers is 65% and 68% compared with that of plain mortar panel. The
gain in the flexural strength of the flat panel with single layer, located at mid
depth of the section, compared with that of plain mortar is only marginal. But
using single layer helps in increasing the ductility of the flat panel.
• The experimental and numerical results show the superiority of the folded to
the flat panel in terms of ultimate strength and initiation of cracking.
• Finally increasing the number of layers of wire mesh from 1 to 3 layers
significantly increases the ductility and capability to absorb energy of both
types of the panel.
 “FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF FERROCEMENT PANELS”
Author:-K.Ranjitha ,S.Sowmya,R.Manojguru

• Abstract--- Construction trade is developing quickly all over the world.

Concrete and steel are the basic construction materials which are being
used with different concepts for construction such as Reinforced
concrete, Prestressed and Ferrocement. Ferrocement is an innovative
technology and it is composed of mortar and galvanized steel wire
mesh. This paper is aimed to present the research made continuously
to improve the ferrocement properties and performance and its uses in
the different application and to encourage practical application of
ferrocement especially in developing countries. This paper covers the
theoretical and experimental studies conducted by several researchers
to investigate the mechanical and structural properties of ferrocement.
The aim of this paper is to summarize presented literature on the use of
ferrocement and to talk about new application of ferrocement. Key
words: Ferrocement, Galvanized steel and wire mesh.
Cracking pattern on folded panels Cracking patern on plane panell
• CONCLUSION:-
• Based upon the experimental test results of the ferrocement panels the following
conclusions can be drawn:
• Ferrocement plates of least thickness with higher energy absorption, crack
resistance and high strength, which are useful for dynamic applications with great
economic and advantages were developed.
• The cracking load was not significantly affected by the number of the wire mesh
layer particularly for the Trough panel.
• Flexural strength of Geopolymer Panel with Fiber is more when compared with
Geopolymer Panel of without fiber.
 “STUDY OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FERROCEMENT SLAB PANELS”
Author:- Jamal Ababakr AhmedRazaq Ferhadi,

• ABSTRACT:-
• Ferrocement panels are versatile forms of precast concrete consist of cement, wire mesh,
sand, and water that is known for high strength. However, the ideal composition of cement
mortar, admixture proportions, and thickness of the panels are not well studied. This paper
describes the results of numerous experiments conducted on flat ferrocement panels
reinforced with different number of wire mesh layer and variation in panel thickness to
determine the optimum flexure strength based on the criteria provided below. The main
objective of these experimental tests is to determine the ideal combination of wire mesh
layers and panel thickness to obtain the optimum flexural strength for flat ferrocement
panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility
and the ultimate strength of this type of ferrocement elements. In this study, the specimens
were divided into eight groups to investigate the strength and behavior of ferrocement flat
panels subjected to two-point loading. Two different composition of cement mortar are used
to study the strength of element in case of using fly-ash instead of %15 by weight of cement
in mortar. Thirty six ferrocement elements were constructed and tested. In addition, two
cases of wire mesh layers are tested, which are two-layer case and four-layer case. Also, two
cases of panel thicknesses are tested, which are 25mm and 30 mm cases.
• Concluding
• The flexural loads at first crack and ultimate loads depend on number of
reinforcing mesh layers used in ferrocement.
• For 25 mm thick slabs using four layers gave approximately 30% increase in flexural
strength as compared to two layered slab specimen. Also the cracking load delayed
by about 18% for the four layer meshes slab as compared to two layered slab
specimen. For 30 mm thick slabs bending strength increased by about 70% for
slabs with four layers of meshes and the cracking load delayed by approximately
80% as compared to two layered slab specimen. Also the deflection decreased by
about 65%. Therefore increasing the number of layers of wire mesh from 2 to 4
layers significantly increases the ductility and capability to absorb energy of both
of the panels. Increase in number of mesh layers improves the ductile behavior of
ferrocement slabs.
• Increasing the thickness also affected the final breaking load for slab panels. They
show that slab panels with 30 mm thickness gave 43% increase in final breaking
load in comparison to slab panels with 25mm thickness. also first cracking load
increased 52%. Therefore increasing the thickness of ferrocement panels from 25
mm to 30 mm significantly increases the ductility and capability to absorb energy
of both of the panels.
• Using fly ash, as 15% replacement by weight of cement, caused a slight decrease
in the flexural strength for some of the and a slight increase for the others. it
shows that this amount of fly ash does not considerably affect the flexural strength
of the slab panels.
 “Flexural Behaviour of Ferro cement Slab Panels Using Expanded Metal
Mesh Incorporating Steel Fibers”
Author:-Prof. Mr. Darshan. G. Gaidhankar, Sayyed Saeed

• Abstract –
• The present study describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced
with different number of wire mesh layer. The main objective of this work is to study
the effect of using different no of wire mesh layers on the flexural strength of flat
ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the no of wire mesh layers
and use of steel fibers on the ultimate strength and ductility of ferrocement slab
panels. The no of layers used are two, three, four and five. Slab panels of size
(200*550) with thickness 25 mm are reinforced with expanded metal mesh with
varying no of layers of mesh. Panels were casted with mortar of mix proportion
(1:1.75) and water cement ratio (0.38) including super plasticizer (Perma PC202) with
dosage of 1% of total weight of cement. Some panels were casted with steel fibers
(0.5%) of total volume of composite and aspect ratio (l/d) =57.Panels were tested
under two point loading system in UTM machine after curing period of 28 days. Test
results shows that panels with more no of layers and steel fibers exhibits greater
flexural strength and less deflection as that compared with panels having less no of
layers of mesh.
• CONLUSION:-
Based on experimental test results the following conclusions can be
made.
• The flexural loads at first crack and ultimate loads depend on number
of reinforcing mesh layers used in ferrocement panel.
• Increasing the number of layers of wire mesh from 2 to 5 layers
significantly increases the ductility and capability to absorb energy of
the panels.
• Steel fibers are capable of increasing the strength parameters like the
flexural strength of panels as compared to those without fibers.
• Steel fibers also increases the ductility of panels and decreases the
central deflection tendency as compared to others without steel fibers.
• Result shows that incorporation of steel fibers along with increment in
no of layers leads to 40% increase in load carrying capacity and 35%
decrease in deflection
“Impact Strength of Ferrocement Panel under Low Velocity Impact Loading”
Author:- Darshan G. Gaidhankar, Mohammad Omid Naqshbandi, Mrudula S.
Kulkarni
• Abstract: -The capability to absorb energy, often called as toughness, is of
importance in actual service conditions of mesh reinforced composites, when they
may be subjected to static, dynamic and fatigue loads. Toughness evaluated under
impact loads is the impact strength. The toughness of materials are determined by
two methods, (i) by measuring deformation under impact load, (ii) by determining
energy adsorption capacity of materials under impact load. Several methods were
used to investigate to determining toughness of materials. In this research work,
drop weight impact test were used. The present experimental work describes
testing of flat ferrocement panels with different number of layer steel mesh as well
as enhancement of panels with steel fiber. The main purpose of this study is to
investigate the effect of using different number of wire mesh layer on the flexural
strength and impact strength and also effect of varying thickness of panels on the
energy absorption of ferrocement panels. The experimental work includes
preparation of ferrocement panels reinforced with welded square mesh, woven
square mesh with and without hooked steel fibers The ferrocement panels of
different sizes were prepared and tested for flexural strength under the two point
loading as well as drop weight for impact testing. It is expected that as the mesh
layers will be increased the energy absorption capacity of the panel should be
increased and the also its effect should be seen for addition of hooked steel
fibers.sf
 CONCLUSION:-
• By increasing the height of drop of hammer energy absorption capacity
of panel decreases.
• Increasing the thickness of panel increases energy absorption capacity
of panel.
• The energy absorption capacity of ferrocement panel using welded
mesh with hooked fibres shows excellent results than using woven
mesh with hooked fibres .
• Addition of fibers in mortar shows slight increases in compressive
strength of mortar.
• Increase in number of wire mesh layers increases the flexural strength
of ferrocement panels.
• Increase in thickness of ferrocement panel shows reduction in the
flexural strength
 “Comparative Study of Flat and Curved Ferrocement Panels”
Author:- Sumit S. Khandare , Darshan G. Gaidhankar , Mrudula S.
Kulkarni Sumant N. Shinde, Pravin Minde

• Abstract:-
• Low living standards, extreme poverty, environmental deterioration, and a housing
scarcity affect most of the developing nations. In developing nation like India, we
are dealing with infrastructural and housing issues as a result of increasing
migration to urban regions. Due to its unique qualities, ferrocement has become
one of the most popular construction materials. Ferrocement technology has
shown to be both environmental friendly and cost-effective. Ferro cement is widely
used in lighter, lower-cost housing, architectural, and insulation projects. However,
its structural uses, both load bearing and non-load bearing, remain undiscovered.
In the literature review, this study summarises the numerous tests done on
ferrocement panels, as well as the authors' conclusions and suggestions. The
findings in this study will assist in the project's investigation of the behaviour of
ferrocement panels under various parameters and loads. This might help you
identify a solution by looking for innovative design techniques and construction
methods
• Conclusions :
• Based upon the detailed literature study following conclusions are drawn : 1.
Behaviour of flat and curved ferrocement panels needs to be studied. 2. Effect of
different types of meshes needs to be investigated for both the types. 3. Effect of
volume fraction on the flexural strength needs to be investigated. 4. Effect of
specific surface on the flexural strength should be investigated. 5. Effect of curve
shape on the flexural strength should be investigated.
 “Analysis and Design of Ferrocement Panels an Experimental Study”
Author:-Nagesh M. Kulkarni, D.G.Gaidhankar

• Abstract:-
• Ferrocement is a form of reinforced concrete that differs from conventional
reinforced or prestressed concrete primarily by the manner in which the
reinforcing elements are dispersed and arranged. It consists of closely spaced,
multiple layers of mesh or fine rods completely embedded in cement mortar. This
paper describes the various experiments conducted on ferrocement panels in
literature review and the conclusions and remarks drawn by the authors. The
results obtained are going to help in the project work to investigate the behavior of
ferrocement panels for various parameters and loading. This is useful to find
solutions by searching new design techniques and method of constructions
Conclusion:-
• The behavior of ferrocement panels under flexure with following parameters. -
Change in wire mesh size - Change in wire mesh orientation - Change in panel size -
Providing ribs
• The yield line pattern for ferrocement panels. The results obtained will aid the
designer and manufacturer the design procedure, method of construction for slabs
that is consistent with the level of risk specified or intended. As newer applications
of ferrocement are introduced in market, many interesting problems will be posed
so we will have to find solutions to these problems by searching new design
techniques and method of constructions
 Impact Strength of Ferrocement Panel under Low Velocity
Impact Loading
Abstract: The capability to absorb energy, often called as toughness, is of
importance in actual service conditions of mesh reinforced composites, when they
may be subjected to static, dynamic and fatigue loads. Toughness evaluated under
impact loads is the impact strength. The toughness of materials are determined by
two methods, (i) by measuring deformation under impact load, (ii) by determining
energy adsorption capacity of materials under impact load. Several methods were
used to investigate to determining toughness of materials. In this research work,
drop weight impact test were used. The present experimental work describes
testing of flat ferrocement panels with different number of layer steel mesh as well
as enhancement of panels with steel fiber. The main purpose of this study is to
investigate the effect of using different number of wire mesh layer on the flexural
strength and impact strength and also effect of varying thickness of panels on the
energy absorption of ferrocement panels. The experimental work includes
preparation of ferrocement panels reinforced with welded square mesh, woven
square mesh with and without hooked steel fibers The ferrocement panels of
different sizes were prepared and tested for flexural strength under the two point
loading as well as drop weight for impact testing. It is expected that as the mesh
layers will be increased the energy absorption capacity of the panel should be
increased and the also its effect should be seen for addition of hooked steel fibers.
CONCLUSION:-
An excellent investigation was conducted on energy absorption of ferrocement
panels in different number of wire mesh with steel fiber and without steel fiber. as
well different drop height has been in the cover of the investigation. All finding
from experimental and analytical investigation the following main conclusion.
1) By increasing the height of drop of hammer energy absorption capacity of panel
decreases.
2) Increasing the thickness of panel increases energy absorption capacity of panel.
3) The energy absorption capacity of ferrocement panel using welded mesh with
hooked fibres shows excellent results than using woven mesh with hooked fibres .
4) Addition of fibers in mortar shows slight increases in compressive strength of
mortar.
5) Increase in number of wire mesh layers increases the flexural strength of
ferrocement panels.
6) Increase in thickness of ferrocement panel shows reduction in the flexural
strength
 Aim and objective of study
• Aim:-To study and investigate the behavior of
ferrocement panel experimentally and analyticaly
under flexural load
• Objective:-
1. Effect of different meshes of ferro-cement panels
2. Effect of panel thickness on ferrocement panels
3. Effect of number of wire mesh layers on
ferrocement panels
 Experimental Work
• Cement Used:- Ordinary Portland Cement
(Grade 43)
• Size of Ferrocement Panels used for test:-
1. 20x200x500
2. 30x200x700
3. 40x200x900
Refrences