Mathematics in Modern World

Measures of Variability
Ana Marie Gonzales- Pascua
Teacher
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, students be able to:
Solve for the range, quartile deviation,
1 mean absolute deviation, and standard deviation

Solve for quartile , and percentile

2
for grouped and ungrouped data

Use calculator and the software SPSS

3 or MS Excel to facilitate faster and easier.

4 Assessment using Quiz or Final Examination

 Common Measures
of Dispersion or
Variability of Scores
1 By: Ana Marie Pascua
Definition

Range
-Is the simplest and the easiest measures of
dispersion.
-Simply measures the distance given by the
highest score and lowest score.
- Considers as the least satisfactory measure
of dispersion because it does not tell anything
about the scores these two extremes.
Definition

Quartile Deviation/Semi-
Interquartile Range

❑Half of the difference between P75

and P 25 in the distribution

z
Definition
Mean Absolute Deviation
Referred to as Average Deviation.

Measures the absolute dispersion that is

affected by every individual score.
Mean of Absolute deviation of the individual
scores from the mean of all the scores.
Definition

Standard Deviation
❑ Considered a special form of measure of dispersion that
involves all the individual values of the items in the
distribution rather than through extremes scores.

❑ Important of heterogeneity or unevenness within a set of

observations.

❑ Increasing in value as the distribution od scores becomes

more heterogeneous .
Definition

Variance
It is square of the deviation
from the mean.

Symbol
Can be symbol of SD..
 Guiding Principle
for Measures of
Variability in the

2 Interpretation of
Data
Measures of Dispersion
Guiding Principle for Measures of Variability in the Interpretation of Data

1. Lesser the value of the 3. There is only a small

measure, the most amount of variation, then
consistent, the more on average , the data

A B
homogeneous and the less values will be close the
scattered are the mean.
observations in the set of
data.

2. There is a large amount of

variation, then on average,
C D 4. Hence, the SD will be
small.
the data values will be far
from the mean. Hence, the
SD will be large.
 Computation of
Range, QD, MAD

3
& SD from
UNGROUPED
DATA
Measures of Dispersion
Definition
Illustrative
Examples

Determine the range of the test

scores of five students in Personality
Development Course Test.

DATA
Set A Set B
17 18
18 10
7 17
15 11
14 18
13 10
Steps in Determining the Range from Raw Scores.

Let us take two sets

Get the Range of observations Quantile MAD SD
Deviations
Set A; 17, 18, 7, 15, 14 ,13
R = Hs –Ls
Set B: 18, 10,17,11, 18,10
Illustrative Exercises

Solution:
Consider the following test scores of
two girls:
Kim Mercy
01 17 18
18 10
7 17
02
15 11
14 18
03
13 10
ΣX = 84 ΣX= 84
04
X= 14 Y= 14
Range =11 Range =8

If we compare the test scores, we can see that Kim’s scores have higher
range ( 18-7=11) that of Mercy’s test scores (18-10=8). These ranges tell
us that Kim’s scores are apparently more scattered than Mercy.
 Quantile
Deviations
4 Measure of Variability
Quantile Deviation
Illustrative Exercises
Personality Development Courses Test
34
49
23
20
19

Solution
Q1 = N/4 = 5/4 = 1.25 Q1 = 1 st score = 19
Q3 = 3N /4 = 3 (5) /4 = 3.75 Q3 = 4 th score = 34

IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 34 – 19 =15
 Mean
Absolute
5 Deviations
Measure of Variability
Mean Absolute Deviation

1 Formula

MAD = / X- χ/ ÷ N

Where :
2 MAD = Mean
absolute deviation
X = the individual
score
Χ = the mean
3 Σ/ x –χ/ = sum of the
absolute deviation
from the mean
Mean Absolute Deviation Illustrative Exercises
Determine the Mean Absolute Deviation of
the scores of 5 students in Personality
Development Course Test.

X / X – χ/ MAD = ΣX- χ/ ÷N
MAD = 50 ÷ 5
34 5 MAD = 10

49 20

23 6

20 9

19 10

N=5
X = 29 Σ/ X –χ/=50
 Standard
Deviations
6 Measure of Variability
Standard Deviation

Illustrative Example
Formula Where: X ( X –χ ) ( X –χ )²
  S= standard
deviation 34 5 25

X = individual scores 49 20 400

Χ = Mean 23 -6 36

N = total Number of 20 -9 81

scores. 19 -10 100

Standard Deviation Computation

Computation S = √ 642 ÷ ( 5-1)

S= √ Σ ( X –χ) ² ÷ n –1
S = 12.67
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