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    Synchronous Motors: - Constant-Speed Machine - Propulsion For SS "Queen Elizabeth II"

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    KRISHNA REDDY KUPPIREDDY
    Synchronous motors are constant-speed machines that operate by synchronizing the rotational speed of the rotor to the rotational speed of the stator's magnetic field. The Queen Elizabeth II uses large synchronous motors to power its propulsion. Synchronous motors have a stator identical to an induction motor and a rotor that is energized by a DC voltage. The rotor's magnetic field locks with the rotating stator field, causing the rotor to turn at synchronous speed.

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    Synchronous Motors: - Constant-Speed Machine - Propulsion For SS "Queen Elizabeth II"

    Uploaded by

    KRISHNA REDDY KUPPIREDDY
    20 views21 pages
    Synchronous motors are constant-speed machines that operate by synchronizing the rotational speed of the rotor to the rotational speed of the stator's magnetic field. The Queen Elizabeth II uses large synchronous motors to power its propulsion. Synchronous motors have a stator identical to an induction motor and a rotor that is energized by a DC voltage. The rotor's magnetic field locks with the rotating stator field, causing the rotor to turn at synchronous speed.

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    Synchronous motors are constant-speed machines that operate by synchronizing the rotational speed of the rotor to the rotational speed of the stator's magnetic field. The Queen Elizabeth II uses large synchronous motors to power its propulsion. Synchronous motors have a stator identical to an induction motor and a rotor that is energized by a DC voltage. The rotor's magnetic field locks with the rotating stator field, causing the rotor to turn at synchronous speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    20 views21 pages

    Synchronous Motors: - Constant-Speed Machine - Propulsion For SS "Queen Elizabeth II"

    Uploaded by

    KRISHNA REDDY KUPPIREDDY
    Synchronous motors are constant-speed machines that operate by synchronizing the rotational speed of the rotor to the rotational speed of the stator's magnetic field. The Queen Elizabeth II uses large synchronous motors to power its propulsion. Synchronous motors have a stator identical to an induction motor and a rotor that is energized by a DC voltage. The rotor's magnetic field locks with the rotating stator field, causing the rotor to turn at synchronous speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Synchronous Motors

    • Constant-speed machine
    • Propulsion for SS “Queen Elizabeth II”

    – 44 MW
    – 10 kV
    – 60 Hz
    – 50 pole
    – 144 r/min
    Synchronous Motors (continued)

    • Construction

    – Stator identical to that of a three-phase


    induction motor – now called the “armature”

    – Energize from a three-phase supply and


    develop the rotating magnetic field

    – Rotor has a DC voltage applied (excitation)


    Synchronous Motors (continued)

    • Operation

    – Magnetic field of the rotor “locks” with the


    rotating magnetic field – rotor turns at
    synchronous speed
    Cylindrical (Round) Rotor

    Constructed from solid steel forging to withstand large


    centrifugal stresses inherent in high-speed operation
    Used for high speed, low inertia loads (low starting torque)
    Salient-Pole Rotor
    Excitation Windings
    Salient-Pole Rotor
    with shaft-mounted DC exciter
    Need carbon brushes to make
    contact with the commutator
    Salient-Pole Rotor with brushless excitation
    Synchronous Motor Starting

    • Get motor to
    maximum speed
    (usually with no load)

    • Energize the rotor


    with a DC voltage
    The VARISTOR or resistor in shunt with the field winding prevents high
    voltage from being induced during locked-rotor and acceleration.
    The induced current helps to accelerate the rotor by providing additional
    torque.
    Brushless Excitation
    How it works

    • Frequency-sensitive Control circuit


    – Looks at emf induced in the field
    – fr = sfs
    – At locked-rotor, s=1, fr = fs
    – Close SCR1 – block current from field
    – Open SCR2 – connect discharge resistor across the
    field
    How it works (continued)

    • As the speed approaches ns, fr gets small,


    fr = sfs approaches 0
    – Open SCR2 – disconnects the discharge resistor
    – Close SCR1 – allows field current to flow
    Salient-Pole Motor operating at
    both no-load and loaded conditions

    Angle δ is the power angle, load angle, or torque angle


    Rotating Field Flux and Counter-emf

    • Rotating field flux f due to DC current in the rotor.


    A “speed” voltage, “counter-emf”, or “excitation”
    voltage Ef is generated and acts in opposition to the
    applied voltage.
    • Ef = nsfkf
    Armature-Reaction Voltage

    • Rotating armature flux, ar is caused by the three-


    phase stator currents. The induced speed voltage
    caused by the flux ar cutting the stator
    conductors.
    • Ear = nsarka
    Armature-Reaction Voltage (continued)

    • Ear = nsarka
     ar proportional to armature current Ia
    • Ear = (Ia)(jXar)
    – where Xar = armature reactance (Ω/phase)
    Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Motor
    Armature (One Phase)

    V  I R  I jX  I X  E
    T a a a l a ar f

    X X X
    s l ar

    V  E  I (R  jX )
    T f a a s

    V E I Z
    T f a s
    Phasor Diagram for one phase of a
    Synchronous Motor Armature
    Synchronous-Motor Power Equation

    • In most cases, the armature resistance is


    much smaller than the synchronous
    reactance, so the synchronous impedance
    Zs is approximately equal to jXs .
    The Equivalent-Circuit and Phasor Diagram

    IaXscosθi = -Efsinδ
    The Synchronous-Motor Power Equation

    • VTIacosθi = -(VTEf/Xs)sinδ
    • VTIacosθi = power input per phase = Pin,1Φ
    • -(VTEf/Xs)sinδ = magnet power per phase
    developed by a cylindrical-rotor motor (a
    function of Ef and δ)
    • Pin,1Φ = -(VTEf/Xs)sinδ is the synchronous-
    machine power equation
    • For three phases,
    – Pin = 3(VTIacosθi)  proportional to Iacos θi
    – Pin = 3(-VTEf/Xs)sinδ  proportional to Efsinδ

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