Codex Alimentarius

CodexAlimetarius
• Codex Alimentarius is a group of international food

standards, adopted by the Codex Alimentarius
Commission and uniformly presented.
• The very term Codex Alimentarius is taken from the

Latin term Codex Alimentarius, meaning Food Law
or Legal Food Code.
• The Codex Alimentarius standards cover all basic food

types, raw, semi-processed and processed, that are
intended for distribution to the costumers.
1
Cont.
.
• The regulations of the Codex refer to food
hygiene and quality, including microbiological
standards, food additives, pesticides and
residues from veterinary drugs, contaminants, food
labeling and marketing, methods for sampling
and hazard analysis, food import and
export, certification system, etc.
2
Codex
Alimentarius
• Ensures that products complying with Codex
standards can be sold on the international market
without compromising health or interests of
consumers.
• Codex standards ensure product is safe

internationally.
• Review of member laws based in

internationally accepted scientific and
technological standards.
3
Codex
Commission
• Developed Codex in 1962.
• Subsidiary of Food and Agriculture

Organization (FAO), United Nations (UN)and
World Health Organization (WHO).
• Joint venture between FAO and WHO to

formulate internationally accepted food safety
standards for protection of human health and
to ensure fair trade practices.
4
Codex
• Commission
Coordination of all food standards.
• Initiation and supervision of draft

standards
• Finalization of food standards.
• Publication of standards worldwide.
• Amend standards in face of new

technology. 5
Structure of Codex
Commission
• Inter-governmental body
• Open to all UN member nations
• Currently 165 members.
• Executive Committee oversees
Commission activities (Chair, 3 vice chairs
and 7others)
• Secretariat oversees Executive Committee
– Located at FAO in Rome
6
Purpose of the Codex Alimentarius
“ To protect consumer health

and economic interests and to
secure fair trade practices in the
food
industry ”
7
Codex Objectives
• To protect the health of consumers.
• To ensure fair practices in the food trade.
• To coordinate all work regarding food

standards.
• To determinate the priorities.
• To initiate the preparation of standards.
• To publish the standards.

8
Scop
•
e
The Codex Alimentarius covers all foods, whether
processed, semi-processed or raw. In addition to standards
for specific foods, the Codex Alimentarius contains general
standards covering matters such as food labeling, food
hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, and
procedures for assessing the safety of foods derived from
modern biotechnology.
• It also contains guidelines for the management of official

i.e. governmental import and export inspection and
certification systems for foods.
9
Structure of the Codex
Alimentarius
Commission
Codex
Alimentarius Commission
Executive Committee
Secretariat
General Committees Commodity Committees Regional Committees

(9) and Task Forces (6)
Active Committees
(7)
ad hoc Task Forces

(3)
Committees adjourned
(4)
10
Codex Alimentarius Commission – structure and
management
1 The Executive Committee
2 The Regional Coordinating

Committees
3 The Secretariat of the

Commission
11
1- The Executive Committee
• Chairperson
• 3 Vice-Chairpersons
• 7 Regional
Representatives
• 6 Regional Coordinators
12
2- Regional Coordinating Committees:
• 6 Regional Committees – for

Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America&Caribbean,
North America & Southwest Pacific, Near East.
• Responsible for defining the problems and needs

of the region.
• Responsible for coordination of activities.
13
3- The Secretariat of the Commission:
Responsible for:
• Formulation and development of FAO/
WHO standards.
• Administrative support to the Commission.
• Relations with the National Codex

Contact Point.
14
Codex
Committees
• Commodities Committees
– Fats and Oils
• General Subject Committees
– Food Additives
• Regional Committees
– Intra-regional matters and trade
• Regional Coordinating Committees
– Africa, Europe, South West Pacific,
Latin America, Caribbean, Near East, North
America
15
Codex Committees on general
issues
Codex Committee on General Principles,
2. Codex Committee on Food Labelling.
3. Codex Committee on Methods of
Analysis and Sampling.
4. Codex Committee on Food Hygiene.
5. Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.
6. Codex Committee on Food Additives
and Contaminants.
16
Cont.
7. Codex
. on Import -
Inspection and Certification
Committee Export systems.
8. Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods
for Special Dietary Uses.
9. Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods.
17
“Food” under the
Codex:
• Any substance, whether processed, partly
processed or raw, which is intended for human
consumption and includes drink, chewing gum
and any substance which has been used in the
manufacture, preparation or treatment of food
but does not include cosmetics, tobacco or
substances used solely as drugs.
18
Codex Legal
Tools:
• Codex Standards
• Codes of Practices
• Guidelines and
Recommendations
19
Codex
Standards
• Food requirements intended to provide
consumers with a sound, wholesome
food product free from adulteration,
correctly labeled and presented.
• International acceptance most
importance consideration next to safety.
20
Codex
Standards
• Prescribed format used to develop
each standard. Must include:
– Name, scope, description, essential
composition and quality factors, food
additives, contaminants, hygiene, weights
and measures, labeling and methods of
analysis and sampling.
21
Codes of
Practice
• Advisory text issued to all members.
• Designed to assist members in
achieving purposes of Codex.
• Individual members decide how to use
code
• Typically describe “hygiene”
requirements
– “Adequate” / “Acceptable”.
• Considered “checklist” of requirements
for enforcement authorities
(Jurisdictional Prerequisites). 22
Guidelines and
Recommendations
• Basic tool used to help member nations in
elaboration of their standards to conform to
Codex.
• Not binding but accepted worldwide.
• Very useful to developing countries.
• Example: “Code of Ethics for International
Trade in Food”.
• Commission can make guidelines “quasi-binding”
– i.e. SPS Agreement guidelines.
23
Food Additives under the
Codex:
• Codex General Standard for Food Additives
“Any substance not normally consumed as a food on
its own and normally constituting a typical food
ingredient, whether or not it has any nutritional
value, the intentional additional of which to food
for a technological purpose in the
manufacturing…..or may reasonably be expected
to result…in it or its byproducts becoming a
component of or otherwise affecting the
characteristics of such foods.
24
Food Labeling Under the
Codex
• Codex General Standard for the
Labeling of Prepackaged Foods.
• Recognized labeling as important to
both objectives of Codex.
• Label = “Any tag, brand, mark, pictorial
or other descriptive
matter, written, printed, stenciled …to
a container of a food”.
25
Food Labeling Requirements
under Codex Alimentarius
• Name of the food
• List of ingredients (in descending
order)
• Net content and drained weight
• Name and address of manufacturer
• Country of origin
• Lot identification
• Date marking and storage instructions
• Instructions for use
26

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CodexAlimetarius

• Codex Alimentarius is a group of international food

• The very term Codex Alimentarius is taken from the

• The Codex Alimentarius standards cover all basic food

• Codex standards ensure product is safe

• Review of member laws based in

• Subsidiary of Food and Agriculture

• Joint venture between FAO and WHO to

• Initiation and supervision of draft

• Finalization of food standards.

• Publication of standards worldwide.

• Amend standards in face of new

“ To protect consumer health

• To ensure fair practices in the food trade.

• To coordinate all work regarding food

• To determinate the priorities.

• To initiate the preparation of standards.

• To publish the standards.

• It also contains guidelines for the management of official

General Committees Commodity Committees Regional Committees

ad hoc Task Forces

2 The Regional Coordinating

3 The Secretariat of the

• 6 Regional Committees – for

• Responsible for defining the problems and needs

• Responsible for coordination of activities.

• Administrative support to the Commission.

• Relations with the National Codex

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