Introduction To Technology and Innovation Week-1

Technology and Innovation
MGT-311 (Session 2019~2023)
BBA-Year-3 (Fall-21)
23rd September, 2021
Instructor: Haroon Karim

Introducing technology, innovation and management
 Many of us would probably accept that technological and organizational innovation is often
something of a double-edged sword: as new developments occur they inevitably destabilize
existing technological and organizational arrangements, and sometimes social and economic
relations more broadly.
 One common result, for example – and one with which many of us are familiar – is what often
seem to be endless cycles of organizational change, and the constant pursuit of technological
‘fixes’ that, if the claims made for them are to be believed, result in cheaper, more efficient and
productive work processes. Similarly, developments in information and communication
technology (ICT) have transformed many aspects of the teaching and learning environment.
 Less than a decade ago you would have had to visit one of our offices to look through printed
teaching materials that were the main medium we used. Since then we have moved to having
materials online, which allows free access to teaching material, you do not need to leave your
home. This is, however, only a relatively limited example of this innovative approach to
education which may, in time, signal ‘the end for the traditional university’.
Types of Innovation
 It is remarkable how many people are under the

false assumption that companies are either
innovative or not.
 This is a very polarizing and simplistic
perspective that does not take into account the
different types of innovations that companies can
and do pursue.
 For this post, let’s break down innovation into
two dimensions: Technology and Market, which
gives us the following 4 types of innovation:
Incremental Innovation
 Incremental Innovation is the most common form of innovation. It utilizes your existing
technology and increases value to the customer (features, design changes, etc.) within
your existing market.
 Almost all companies engage in incremental innovation in one form or another.
 Examples include adding new features to existing products or services or even removing
features (value through simplification).
 Even small updates to user experience can add value.

Disruptive Innovation
 Disruptive innovation, also known as stealth innovation, involves applying new technology or
processes to your company’s current market.
 It is stealthy in nature since newer tech will often be inferior to existing market technology. This
newer technology is often more expensive, has fewer features, is harder to use, and is not as
aesthetically pleasing.
 It is only after a few iterations that the newer tech surpasses the old and disrupts all existing
companies. By then, it might be too late for the established companies to quickly compete with
the newer technology.
 There are quite a few examples of disruptive innovation, one of the more prominent being
Apple’s iPhone disruption of the mobile phone market. Prior to the iPhone, most popular
phones relied on buttons, keypads or scroll wheels for user input.
Architectural Innovation
 Architectural innovation is simply taking the lessons, skills and overall technology
and applying them within a different market. This innovation is amazing at increasing
new customers as long as the new market is receptive.
 Most of the time, the risk involved in architectural innovation is low due to the
reliance and reintroduction of proven technology. Though most of the time it
requires tweaking to match the requirements of the new market.
 In 1966, NASA’s Ames Research Center attempted to improve the safety of aircraft
cushions. They succeeded by creating a new type of foam, which reacts to the
pressure applied to it, yet magically forms back to its original shape.
Radical Innovation
 Radical innovation is what we think of mostly when considering innovation. It gives birth
to new industries (or swallows existing ones) and involves creating revolutionary
technology.
 The airplane, for example, was not the first mode of transportation, but it is revolutionary
as it allowed commercialized air travel to develop and prosper.
 Thank You 

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Technology and Innovation

MGT-311 (Session 2019~2023)

23rd September, 2021

Instructor: Haroon Karim

 It is remarkable how many people are under the

 Almost all companies engage in incremental innovation in one form or another.

 Even small updates to user experience can add value.

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