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    Sci 10 Steam Engine

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    Gicu Soroca
    The document discusses the history and evolution of steam engines from their earliest uses to pump water out of mines to modern steam turbine engines. It describes Thomas Savery's early steam engine in 1698 that used atmospheric pressure and condensation to pump water. Thomas Newcomen later improved on this design with a piston and rocking arm. James Watt then created a more efficient double-acting engine that used steam pressure on both sides of the piston. This more powerful design was necessary as steam engines grew in scale to support industrialization and transportation needs. Modern steam turbine engines have replaced pistons with curved blades that spin to convert steam power into rotational motion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Sci 10 Steam Engine

    Uploaded by

    Gicu Soroca
    56 views24 pages
    The document discusses the history and evolution of steam engines from their earliest uses to pump water out of mines to modern steam turbine engines. It describes Thomas Savery's early steam engine in 1698 that used atmospheric pressure and condensation to pump water. Thomas Newcomen later improved on this design with a piston and rocking arm. James Watt then created a more efficient double-acting engine that used steam pressure on both sides of the piston. This more powerful design was necessary as steam engines grew in scale to support industrialization and transportation needs. Modern steam turbine engines have replaced pistons with curved blades that spin to convert steam power into rotational motion.

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    SCI 10 STEAM ENGINE PPT

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    The document discusses the history and evolution of steam engines from their earliest uses to pump water out of mines to modern steam turbine engines. It describes Thomas Savery's early steam engine in 1698 that used atmospheric pressure and condensation to pump water. Thomas Newcomen later improved on this design with a piston and rocking arm. James Watt then created a more efficient double-acting engine that used steam pressure on both sides of the piston. This more powerful design was necessary as steam engines grew in scale to support industrialization and transportation needs. Modern steam turbine engines have replaced pistons with curved blades that spin to convert steam power into rotational motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    56 views24 pages

    Sci 10 Steam Engine

    Uploaded by

    Gicu Soroca
    The document discusses the history and evolution of steam engines from their earliest uses to pump water out of mines to modern steam turbine engines. It describes Thomas Savery's early steam engine in 1698 that used atmospheric pressure and condensation to pump water. Thomas Newcomen later improved on this design with a piston and rocking arm. James Watt then created a more efficient double-acting engine that used steam pressure on both sides of the piston. This more powerful design was necessary as steam engines grew in scale to support industrialization and transportation needs. Modern steam turbine engines have replaced pistons with curved blades that spin to convert steam power into rotational motion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

     Steam Engines

     Steam Turbine Engines


     Principle: when you boil water the resulting
    steam exerts PRESSURE and MOVES objects
     Any machine that generates steam and converts
    the steam pressure into mechanical motion.
     The First Steam Engine was a toy made by Hero
    of Alexandria over 2000 years ago
     1600s - England desperately needed a powerful engine.
     Fuel needs had greatly increased for homes and industries
     Water had to be pumped out of the mines for
    workers to work. Up to 500 horses were
    needed per mine to pump out the water!
     1698 - Thomas Savery built a steam engine to
    pump out the water.
     Using valves, atmospheric pressure, and
    condensation to
    create a partial
    vacuum, water
    is pulled out of
    the mines.
     http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/jsit
    es/steam_thomas_savery.php3?b=50&f=2&j=1&
    v=0
    1. The boiler is used to heat
    the water to create steam.
    2. Steam enters into the
    chamber and expands.
    3. Cold water is sprayed on
    the outside of the
    chamber, causing the
    steam to condense and
    the particles to move
    closer together (
    pressure inside relative to
    outside)
    4. Pressure equalizes by
    moving water up from the
    water source (there is a
    partial vacuum set up in
    the chamber).
    5. The water is “pulled” out
    of the mine to equalize the
    decreased pressure in the
    chamber.
     1712 – Thomas Newcomen invented a much
    improved engine: Newcomen’s Atmospheric
    Engine. rocking arm.
    (pg. 143)
     Newcomen still used condensation to create a
    partial vacuum, and atmospheric pressure to push
    the mine water into the partial vacuum, but he
    added a piston and rocking arm.
    1. The boiler heats water
    to make steam.
    2. Steam enters the
    chamber and pushes
    the piston up.
    3. The rising piston and
    weight cause the
    rocking beam to tilt
    down to the right,
    pushing the pump
    piston into the water
    well.
    4. Cold water is sprayed
    into the chamber,
    causing the steam to
    condense and contract.
    5. The piston moves down,
    causing the rocking
    beam to pull the piston
    in the well up, bringing
    the water out of the well.
     http://science.howstuffworks.com/steam-technolo
    gy2.htm

     http://library.thinkquest.org/C006011/english/jsit
    es/steam_thomas_newcomen.php3?f=2&b=50&j
    =1&fl=1&v=2
     Watt’s engine was called the “double acting” engine
    because steam pressure pushed the piston in both
    directions. (pg. 145)
    1. The biggest difference
    between Watt’s engine and
    the previous engines was
    that there was no cooling
    phase – therefore the
    engine was more efficient
    and faster.
    2. Steam entered one side and
    pushed the piston to the
    other side.
    3. The steam was then forced
    out through an exhaust
    valve.
    4. The steam would re-enter
    the cylinder and push the
    piston back the other way.
    5. A turbine could be attached
    to the piston rod to perform
    work.
     Watt used steam pressure to move the piston
    which more powerful than atmospheric pressure
    used in Savery and Newcomen engines
     The piston and cylinder remained hot all the
    time, eliminating the damage in the earlier
    engines caused by the constant heating and
    cooling of the mechanisms.
     http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engin
    es-equipment/steam.htm
     With growing populations more food was
    needed. Farmers could not produce enough food
    using only horses.
     Steam-powered tractors, trains and paddle boats
    produced and moved food and goods across
    growing nations like Canada.
     To power such large machines, steam engines
    had to be produced with much higher steam
    pressures, boilers, cylinders and better seals
    around the piston rods.
     Steam engines no longer power locomotives or
    tractors. But they do power great ocean liners
    and cruise ships.
     Turbine engines do not use pistons. They use
    curved blades attached to a central axle that
    turns. The steam pressure turns the blades,
    turning the central axle. Modern turbines have as
    many as 20 sets of blades
    attached
    to a single
    shaft.

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