Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    Gregor Mendel

    Uploaded by

    Ryan Negad
    Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s to understand the basic principles of heredity. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, which come in pairs and can be dominant or recessive. Mendel developed the laws of inheritance and used statistical analysis to predict patterns of traits in subsequent generations, laying the foundation for genetics. His work was ahead of its time and not widely recognized until after his death.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Gregor Mendel

    Uploaded by

    Ryan Negad
    66 views20 pages
    Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s to understand the basic principles of heredity. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, which come in pairs and can be dominant or recessive. Mendel developed the laws of inheritance and used statistical analysis to predict patterns of traits in subsequent generations, laying the foundation for genetics. His work was ahead of its time and not widely recognized until after his death.

    Original Description:

    Gregor Mendel

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s to understand the basic principles of heredity. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, which come in pairs and can be dominant or recessive. Mendel developed the laws of inheritance and used statistical analysis to predict patterns of traits in subsequent generations, laying the foundation for genetics. His work was ahead of its time and not widely recognized until after his death.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views20 pages

    Gregor Mendel

    Uploaded by

    Ryan Negad
    Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1850s and 1860s to understand the basic principles of heredity. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, which come in pairs and can be dominant or recessive. Mendel developed the laws of inheritance and used statistical analysis to predict patterns of traits in subsequent generations, laying the foundation for genetics. His work was ahead of its time and not widely recognized until after his death.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Gregor Mendel

    Understanding Heredity
    Objectives
     Describe how Mendel applied the principles of probability to
    inheritance.
     Learn of Mendel’s famous pea experiment.
     Understand that a Punnett square is a visual representation of the
    relative probabilities of offspring outcomes, for both genotypes
    and phenotypes.
     Examine the law of dominance.
    HEREDITY
    The passing on of traits from parents
    to offspring
    GENES
    The basic unit of inheritance by which
    characteristics are passed from one
    generation to the next.
    Gregor Mendel
    The Father of Genetics
    The causes of heredity remained a mystery for centuries…

     Late 1850’s - Gregor Mendel breed green pea plants


     Used the general rules of probability to explain the basic principles of heredity

     Probability –
    › Predicts the likelihood of random events
    › Used to estimate the likelihood of gene distribution from one generation to
    the next.
    › A number between 0 and 1 represents the probability of an outcome.
     An impossible event = 0
     Something that is certain to occur = 1

    VIDEO The Life of Gregor Mendel (23 minutes) VIDEO - Gregor Mendel and Pea Plants
    Mendel’s Question
    Why are some traits found in the parents
    showing up in their offspring, while other
    traits are not?
    ALLELES

    › The different forms a gene may


    have for a trait
    › A variation of a gene
    Gregor Mendel
    Pea Plant Experiment
     Identified seven pairs of
    contrasting alleles among
    garden peas: 
    › Seed color (yellow or green)
    › Seed shape (smooth or wrinkled)
    › Pod color (yellow or green)
    › Pod shape (inflated or pinched)
    › Flower color (purple or white)
    › Flower position (axial or terminal)
    › Stem height (tall or short)
    Parts of a Flower

    Image acquired from http://www.chesterfield.k12.sc.us/cheraw%20intermediate/DaveEvans/BiologyICP/FlowerParts.jpg


    Gregor Mendel
    Breeding Peas

    VIDEO - Father of Genetics


    Gregor Mendel
    Gregor Mendel
    Pea Plant Observations
     Noticed that genes always
    came in pairs
     Every organism receives
    two alleles for each trait
    › One allele from each
    parent
    › Alleles were not always
    equal
    Dominant and Recessive
     Noticed that some traits disappeared
    in the first generation of hybrids
    › “Recessive” - Not visible
    › Appears only if the plant does not
    have a dominant allele
    › Must have two recessive alleles
     Traits that appear - “Dominant”
    › Appears if at least one dominant
    allele is present
    Gregor Mendel
    Law of Dominance
     Later generations - recessive traits reappeared in a mathematically
    predictable pattern
    › Example: Later generations of plants had one green pea for every
    three yellow peas; The same ratio appeared for all seven pairs of
    traits.
     Experiments led to the Law of Dominance
    › An organism receives two genes for each trait, one from each parent.
    › Expressed genes - dominant
    › Hidden” gene - recessive
     Law of Segregation
    › States that a parent passes on at random only one allele for each trait
    to each offspring.
    Gregor Mendel
    The Father of Genetics
     8 years - Grew an estimated 28,000 pea plants
     1864 - Published the results of his experiment
    › Proposed the theory of heredity
    › Began the formal field of genetics
    › Methods were advanced; results groundbreaking
    › No one realized how his discovery would eventually
    revolutionize science until 40 years after his death.
     1st scientist to conduct broad, thorough, systematic,
    and sufficiently rigorous experiments to discern any
    universal laws governing inheritance.
    Gregor Mendel
    Punnett Squares
     A special chart that is used to predict heredity
     Geneticists use this tool show all the possible
    outcomes of a genetic cross and to determine the
    probability of a particular outcome.

    VIDEO - Punnett Squares


    Alleles
    Heterozygous

    Homozygous

    Genotype

    Phenotype
    Activity: Predicting the Results
    of Genetic Crosses
    Objectives:
     Make predictions using models of genetic
    crosses.
     Accurately use the terms dominant, recessive,
    homozygous, heterozygous, genotype and
    phenotype.
     Create Punnett squares using the data provided.
    Question

    How can the possible results of genetic


    crosses be predicted?
    VIDEO - Greatest Discoveries in Genetics
    Standard: 2. Life Science
     

    Grade Level Expectation: Eighth Grade  

    Concepts and skills students master:  

    2. Organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information (genes) to  


    offspring, which influences individuals’ traits in the next generation
    Evidence Outcomes 21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies  
    Students can: Inquiry Questions:
    a. Develop, communicate, and 1. How are traits passed from one generation to the next?
    justify an evidence-based 2. What traits can be passed to the next generation and what
     
    scientific explanation for how traits cannot?
    genetic information is passed to 3. How can patterns in the inheritance of traits be used to
    the next generation (DOK 1-3) predict how frequently they appear in offspring?
    b. Use direct and indirect Relevance and Application:
    observations, evidence, and data 1. There are benefits and risks to genetic engineering such
    to support claims about genetic as cloning, genetically modifying organisms, and replacing
    reproduction and traits of  
    genes for therapy.
    individuals (DOK 1-3) 2. Genome sequencing has many potential applications to the
    c. Gather, analyze, and interpret field of medicine.
    data on transmitting genetic Nature of Science:
    information (DOK 1-2) 1. Understand the interconnected nature of math and science
    d. Use models and diagrams to by utilizing math in the prediction of future generations.
    predict the phenotype and (DOK 2)
    genotype of offspring based on 2. Recognize that current understanding of genetics has
    the genotype of the parents (DOK developed over time and become more sophisticated as  
    1-2) new technologies have lead to new evidence. (DOK 1)
    e. Use computer simulations to 3. Critically evaluate models used to represent
    model and predict phenotype and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and genes; identify strengths
    genotype of offspring based on and weaknesses of these models for representing complex
    the genotype of the parents (DOK natural phenomena. (DOK 2-3)
    1-2)

    You might also like