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    Centripetal Force

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    sigit
    The document describes centripetal force, which is the force directing an object moving in circular motion toward the center of the circle. It outlines an experiment using an apparatus with a string, pulley, bob, and spring to measure centripetal force on a rotating object. Students will determine angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and compare the calculated centripetal force to the measured spring force required to position the bob at the radius. This will demonstrate that centripetal force satisfies Newton's Second Law, F=ma.

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    Centripetal Force

    Uploaded by

    sigit
    10 views19 pages
    The document describes centripetal force, which is the force directing an object moving in circular motion toward the center of the circle. It outlines an experiment using an apparatus with a string, pulley, bob, and spring to measure centripetal force on a rotating object. Students will determine angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and compare the calculated centripetal force to the measured spring force required to position the bob at the radius. This will demonstrate that centripetal force satisfies Newton's Second Law, F=ma.

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    The document describes centripetal force, which is the force directing an object moving in circular motion toward the center of the circle. It outlines an experiment using an apparatus with a string, pulley, bob, and spring to measure centripetal force on a rotating object. Students will determine angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and compare the calculated centripetal force to the measured spring force required to position the bob at the radius. This will demonstrate that centripetal force satisfies Newton's Second Law, F=ma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10 views19 pages

    Centripetal Force

    Uploaded by

    sigit
    The document describes centripetal force, which is the force directing an object moving in circular motion toward the center of the circle. It outlines an experiment using an apparatus with a string, pulley, bob, and spring to measure centripetal force on a rotating object. Students will determine angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and compare the calculated centripetal force to the measured spring force required to position the bob at the radius. This will demonstrate that centripetal force satisfies Newton's Second Law, F=ma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Centripetal Force

     Today you are going to study an object


    that moves in a circle.
     An object that moves in circular motion
    must have a force acting on it that is
    directed toward the center of the
    circle.
     This could be something as simple as a
    string pulling a ball into circular motion.
     The string is pulling on the ball.
     Strings cannot push.
     The circular motion could be a road
    forcing a car to turn a curve.
     The road continually pushes toward the
    center of the curve.
     Forces that make objects move in circular
    motion are called
    centripetal forces.
     Centripetal means “center-seeking.”
     This force should not be confused with
    the force commonly known as centrifugal.
     Centrifugal means “center-fleeing,” and
    centrifugal forces are not real.
     Today you will measure the
    centripetal force in a particular
    circular motion and
    show that it satisfies
    Newton’s Second Law:

    F  ma .
    The apparatus you will use is shown below.

    Radius

    Pulley String

    Bob
    Spring

    Index
    Slotted
    Masses
    When viewed from above the hand-turned
    apparatus looks like this
     The acceleration in this circular motion
    is one associated with a change in the
    direction of the velocity vector, not the
    length of the velocity vector.
     It, just like the centripetal force, also
    points toward the center of the circle.
     To calculate the acceleration you have
    to determine the angular velocity.
     Angular velocity is an angle measurement
    divided by time.
     For example if you make one full spin in 2
    seconds of time, then your angular velocity
    would be 3600 divided by 2 seconds which
    reduces to 1800/s.
     Many of you have heard about 33 and a 1/3
    rpm phonographic records that your parents
    or grandparents had when they were young.
    The rpm stands for revolutions per minute,
    and it is an angular velocity measurement.
     In lab today you will determine an
    angular velocity based on an angular
    measurement of radians instead of
    degrees.
    One radian is the angle subtended at the
    center of a circle by an arc equal in length to
    the radius of the circle.

    2
    3
    1 6 segments gets
    57.30 to here.
    2 segments gets
    4 completely around.
    6
    5

    1 rev = 3600 = 2 radians (rad)


     To get the angular velocity measured in
    terms of rad/s, you will make the
    following measurements.
     Count the number (N) of cycles the
    apparatus makes, and measure the time
    (T) to make these N turns.
     Repeat until you have three different
    time measurements involving N turns
    each time.
     Take the average of the three T ’s.
     Divide this average T by N to get

    the average time () for one


    rotation. In other words

    = T/N .
     Then the angular velocity () is

     = 2 .
     Though it is not shown here, it is
    not difficult to show that the
    centripetal acceleration (a) is given
    by

    a= 2
    RR
    where R is the radius of the circle.
     Once you have a, you will multiply it
    by the mass of the swinging object
    (the bob).
     You will then compare this force to
    the force necessary to position the
    bob at a distance R from its
    rotation axis when the apparatus is
    not spinning. (See next slide.)
    Radius

    Pulley String

    Bob
    Spring

    Index
    Slotted
    Masses

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