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    Introduction To Medical Laboratory-1

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    Shaafici tahlil Shaafici tahlil
    This document provides an introduction and overview of medical laboratories. It describes medical laboratories as places equipped with biomedical instruments and reagents to perform investigative activities using biological specimens. It then classifies medical laboratories into 4 levels based on biosafety risks - from basic Level I laboratories with low risk organisms to maximum containment Level IV laboratories handling viruses that pose high risks. The document outlines the roles of medical laboratories in treating patients, monitoring diseases, and informing public health priorities.

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    Introduction To Medical Laboratory-1

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    Shaafici tahlil Shaafici tahlil
    19 views12 pages
    This document provides an introduction and overview of medical laboratories. It describes medical laboratories as places equipped with biomedical instruments and reagents to perform investigative activities using biological specimens. It then classifies medical laboratories into 4 levels based on biosafety risks - from basic Level I laboratories with low risk organisms to maximum containment Level IV laboratories handling viruses that pose high risks. The document outlines the roles of medical laboratories in treating patients, monitoring diseases, and informing public health priorities.

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    Introduction to Medical Laboratory-1

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    This document provides an introduction and overview of medical laboratories. It describes medical laboratories as places equipped with biomedical instruments and reagents to perform investigative activities using biological specimens. It then classifies medical laboratories into 4 levels based on biosafety risks - from basic Level I laboratories with low risk organisms to maximum containment Level IV laboratories handling viruses that pose high risks. The document outlines the roles of medical laboratories in treating patients, monitoring diseases, and informing public health priorities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views12 pages

    Introduction To Medical Laboratory-1

    Uploaded by

    Shaafici tahlil Shaafici tahlil
    This document provides an introduction and overview of medical laboratories. It describes medical laboratories as places equipped with biomedical instruments and reagents to perform investigative activities using biological specimens. It then classifies medical laboratories into 4 levels based on biosafety risks - from basic Level I laboratories with low risk organisms to maximum containment Level IV laboratories handling viruses that pose high risks. The document outlines the roles of medical laboratories in treating patients, monitoring diseases, and informing public health priorities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Introduction to medical Laboratory

    Introduction

    Laboratory is a place that is equipped with different instruments,


    equipments and chemicals (reagents) etc., for performing
    experimental works, research activities and investigative
    procedures.

    Medical laboratory is one part of the laboratory that is equipped


    with various biomedical instruments, equipments, materials and
    reagents (chemicals) for performing different laboratory
    investigative activities by using biological specimens (whole blood,
    serum, plasma, urine, stool, etc ).
    Classification of medical laboratories

    The world Health Organization (WHO) lists four kinds of levels of


    laboratories based on their biosafety.
     Basic laboratory (level I)

     Basic laboratory (level II)

     Containment laboratory (Level III)

     Maximum containment laboratory (Level IV)


    Basic laboratory level I
    Basic laboratory level I is the simplest kind
    and adequate for work with organisms
    which have low risk to the individual
    laboratory personnel as well as to the
    members of the community. Such
    organisms are categorized under Risk
    Group I by WHO. These organisms are
    unlikely to cause human diseases.
    Example, food spoilage bacteria,
    common molds and yeasts.
    Basic laboratory level II
    Basic laboratory level II is suitable for work
    with organisms that predispose to
    moderate risk to the laboratory worker and
    a limited risk to the members of the
    community. Such organisms are
    categorized under Risk Group II by WHO.
    They can cause serious human diseases
    but not serious hazards due to the
    availability of effective preventive
    measures and treatment. Example,
    staphylococci and streptococci.
    Containment laboratory (Level III)
    Containment laboratory is more advanced
    and it is used for work with infectious
    organisms that present a high risk to the
    laboratory personnel but a lower risk to
    the community. Such organisms are
    categorized under Risk Group III by
    WHO. Example, Tubercle bacilli,
    Salmonella typhi and HIV .
    Maximum containment laboratory (Level IV)
    Maximum containment laboratory is

    planned for work with viruses, which

    predispose to a high risk for both

    laboratory personnel and the community.

    Such organisms are categorized under

    Risk Group IV by WHO. Example, Small

    pox, Ebola, Lassa fever and others. Most

    of these organisms cause serious

    disease and readily transmitted from on

    person to another.
    Role Of Medical Laboratory Services
    The medical laboratory services play a essential role in
     Treating patients and monitoring their response to treatment.

     Monitoring the development and spread of infectious and dangerous


    pathogens (disease causing organisms),
     Deciding effective control against major prevalent disease,

     Deciding health priorities and allocating resources.


    Without Reliable Laboratory Services:
     The source of a disease may not be identified correctly.

     Patients are less likely to receive the best possible care.

     Resistance to essential drugs may develop and continue to spread.

     Epidemic diseases may not be identified on time and with


    confidence.
    Types Of Laboratories
    many countries, there are two main types of labs

    1. Hospital laboratory are attached to a hospital, and perform


    tests on patients.

    2. Private (or community) laboratory receive samples


    from general physician, insurance companies, clinical research
    sites and other health clinics for analysis.
    Laboratory Departments
    In many countries there are mainly three types of Medical
    Laboratories.
    1. Clinical Pathology: Hematology, Histopathology, Cytology, Routine
    Pathology
    2. Clinical Microbiology: Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology,
    Immunology, Serology.
    3. Clinical Biochemistry: Biochemical analysis, Hormonal assays etc.
    Blood Banks
    Blood bank is a separate body. Its laboratory need Microbiological
    analysis for infectious diseases that may be found in blood. also to observe
    Blood grouping, Hematology & cross matching reactions.

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