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    Land Tenure Systems in Zimbabwe

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    Anesu Acksons
    Land tenure systems in Zimbabwe include freehold, state land, communal, and leasehold arrangements. Freehold land allows for private ownership and full control, while state land is set aside for conservation and public use. Communal land operates under customary law where households have use rights allocated by local leaders. Leasehold land can be used for a set period of time upon payment of rent. These systems have roots in Zimbabwe's history of land appropriation and were addressed in the country's land reform starting in the 1990s.

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    Land Tenure Systems in Zimbabwe

    Uploaded by

    Anesu Acksons
    267 views9 pages
    Land tenure systems in Zimbabwe include freehold, state land, communal, and leasehold arrangements. Freehold land allows for private ownership and full control, while state land is set aside for conservation and public use. Communal land operates under customary law where households have use rights allocated by local leaders. Leasehold land can be used for a set period of time upon payment of rent. These systems have roots in Zimbabwe's history of land appropriation and were addressed in the country's land reform starting in the 1990s.

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    LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN ZIMBABWE

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    Land tenure systems in Zimbabwe include freehold, state land, communal, and leasehold arrangements. Freehold land allows for private ownership and full control, while state land is set aside for conservation and public use. Communal land operates under customary law where households have use rights allocated by local leaders. Leasehold land can be used for a set period of time upon payment of rent. These systems have roots in Zimbabwe's history of land appropriation and were addressed in the country's land reform starting in the 1990s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    267 views9 pages

    Land Tenure Systems in Zimbabwe

    Uploaded by

    Anesu Acksons
    Land tenure systems in Zimbabwe include freehold, state land, communal, and leasehold arrangements. Freehold land allows for private ownership and full control, while state land is set aside for conservation and public use. Communal land operates under customary law where households have use rights allocated by local leaders. Leasehold land can be used for a set period of time upon payment of rent. These systems have roots in Zimbabwe's history of land appropriation and were addressed in the country's land reform starting in the 1990s.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN

    ZIMBABWE
    HISTORY
    • LAND ownership and distribution has been at
    the centre of disputes in Zimbabwe since pre-
    colonial days.
    • This escalated through land appropriation by
    the white minority, leading to the war of
    liberation, whose major aim was the transfer
    of land ownership to the majority blacks
    ( Chimbindi, 2018).
    DEFINATION
    • Land tenure refers to the bundle of rights and
    responsibilities under which land is held, used,
    transferred, and succeeded(S.J. La Croix, 2002).
    • It is used to refer to land tenure prescribed by statutory or
    common law; to customary land tenure; and to observed
    land tenure practices in a particular historical context.
    • Land tenure arrangements vary enormously across urban
    and rural areas primarily because of the use of land for
    agriculture in rural areas and for residential and business
    use in urban areas.
    • The land holding rights and obligations in Zimbabwe
    find their expression in the country’s four main
    systems of land tenure, namely the freehold (private),
    state land, communal and leasehold(resettlement)
    systems (E.M Shumba, 2001).
    • Zimbabwe reached a crucial crossroads in its land
    reform with the expiration of the Lancaster House
    Constitution in April 1990, which opened the door for
    policy debate on alternative land-redistribution
    options (M.J Roth, J.W Bruce,1994)
    Freehold
    • The freehold tenure system is prevalent in the commercial farming sector
    which consists of large scale and small scale commercial farmers and occupy
    about 32% of the country’s land area of 39 million ha (YAS, 2013).
    • This system is deals with individual land ownership.
    • The registered land owner has exclusive property rights and full control and
    responsibility over the land and everything attached to it except to the extent
    that ownership and exclusive control over the land and some natural resources
    may be limited by statutory provisions.
    • These limitations relate to changes in land use, controls over public water
    courses, felling of indigenous timber resources and controls on wildlife.
    • It is often argued that freehold tenure provides land owners with incentives to
    conserve and improve the natural resource base.

    ​
    State land
    • The State set aside 15% of the country as
    gazetted/protected forests (2%) and national parks
    (13%).
    • These offer good examples of in situ conservation
    and sustainable use of Zimbabwe’s biological
    heritage
    • Public (or state) land ownership may withhold land
    for conservation purposes or public land
    management and facilitate more equal access to
    prime locations (YAS, 2013).
    Communal
    • A customary land tenure system whereby local
    leaders allocate arable land to households and their
    families on a usufruct basis (Dore, 2013).
    • This means that households have use rights, but no
    rights to rent or sell their land.
    • Another feature is that households are entitled to
    use common property resources, such as water for
    household use and irrigation, woodlands for
    firewood and building, and pastures for grazing cattle
    and other livestock.
    Leasehold
    • The leasehold system type of land tenure requires the payment
    of certain amount of money for the use of the land over a stated
    period of time.
    • It is a special contract existing between a person called the leaser
    and another called the lessee for the lease of a piece of land for a
    specified period of years, which may be ten years, twenty years
    fifty years.
    • The lessee will exercise his right on the use and maintenance of
    the land for the period of lease.
    • The land cannot be used as security to obtain loan from
    commercial banks and cannot be developed beyond the lease
    agreement terms .
    REFERENCES
    • Land Policy in Zimbabwe: A Framework for Discussion Papers (Doré, 10 April 2012)
    • Powelson, John P., The Story of Land: A World History of Land Tenure and Agrarian
    Reform. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 1988.
    • Cheater, A. P. 1982. ‘Formal and informal rights to land in Zimbabwe's black
    freehold areas: a case study from Msengezi’, Africa 52 (2), 77–91.
    • Moyana, H. V. 1984. The Political Economy of Land in Zimbabwe. Gweru: Mambo
    Press .
    • Ranger, T. 1985. Peasant Consciousness and Guerilla War in Zimbabwe. Harare:
    Zimbabwe Publishing House .
    • Rhodesia. 1967. Tribal Trust Land Act (no. 9). Salisbury: Government Printer.
    • Rhodesia. 1969. Land Tenure Act (no. 55). Salisbury: Government Printer
    • Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. 1979. Land Acquisition Act (no. 15). Salisbury: Government
    Printer

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