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    Module-1 Part-3 Cryptography

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    Rahul
    Cryptology involves cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the study of secure communication techniques using cryptosystems to provide security services like confidentiality. A basic cryptosystem uses a plaintext, encryption algorithm and key to generate a ciphertext that is sent through a public channel. The receiver uses a decryption algorithm and key to convert the ciphertext back to plaintext. There are symmetric cryptosystems that use the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric cryptosystems that use different keys. Cryptographic hash functions generate a fixed-size output from variable input to allow integrity and authentication without recovering the original input.

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    Module-1 Part-3 Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    Rahul
    72 views15 pages
    Cryptology involves cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the study of secure communication techniques using cryptosystems to provide security services like confidentiality. A basic cryptosystem uses a plaintext, encryption algorithm and key to generate a ciphertext that is sent through a public channel. The receiver uses a decryption algorithm and key to convert the ciphertext back to plaintext. There are symmetric cryptosystems that use the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric cryptosystems that use different keys. Cryptographic hash functions generate a fixed-size output from variable input to allow integrity and authentication without recovering the original input.

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    MODULE-1 PART-3 CRYPTOGRAPHY

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    Cryptology involves cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the study of secure communication techniques using cryptosystems to provide security services like confidentiality. A basic cryptosystem uses a plaintext, encryption algorithm and key to generate a ciphertext that is sent through a public channel. The receiver uses a decryption algorithm and key to convert the ciphertext back to plaintext. There are symmetric cryptosystems that use the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric cryptosystems that use different keys. Cryptographic hash functions generate a fixed-size output from variable input to allow integrity and authentication without recovering the original input.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    72 views15 pages

    Module-1 Part-3 Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    Rahul
    Cryptology involves cryptography and cryptanalysis. Cryptography is the study of secure communication techniques using cryptosystems to provide security services like confidentiality. A basic cryptosystem uses a plaintext, encryption algorithm and key to generate a ciphertext that is sent through a public channel. The receiver uses a decryption algorithm and key to convert the ciphertext back to plaintext. There are symmetric cryptosystems that use the same key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric cryptosystems that use different keys. Cryptographic hash functions generate a fixed-size output from variable input to allow integrity and authentication without recovering the original input.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    MODULE - 1

    PART – 3: CRYPTOGRAPHY
    • Cryptology is the science of secret messages. Therefore, anything that
    has to do with making or breaking codes falls into cryptology's domain.

    Cryptology = Cryptography + Cryptanalysis

    • Cryptography is the study and practice of techniques for secure


    communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries.
    • In Cryptography, Cryptosystem is a suite of cryptographic algorithms
    needed to implement a particular security service, most commonly for
    achieving confidentiality.
    • Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain
    access to the contents of encrypted messages.
    • A simple model of a cryptosystem that provides confidentiality to the
    information being transmitted is shown below.
    The various components of a basic cryptosystem are as follows.
    • Plaintext. It is the data to be protected during transmission.
    • Encryption Algorithm. It is a cryptographic algorithm that takes plaintext and an
    encryption key as input and produces a ciphertext.
    • Encryption Key. It is a value that is known to the sender. The sender inputs the
    encryption key into the encryption algorithm along with the plaintext in order to
    compute the ciphertext.
    • Ciphertext. It is the scrambled version of the plaintext produced by the
    encryption algorithm using a specific the encryption key. The ciphertext is not
    guarded. It flows on public channel.
    • Decryption Algorithm. It is a cryptographic algorithm that takes a ciphertext and
    a decryption key as input, and outputs a plaintext.
    • Decryption Key. It is a value that is known to the receiver. The receiver inputs
    the decryption key into the decryption algorithm along with the ciphertext in
    order to compute the plaintext.
    Fundamentally, there are two types of cryptosystems as shown.
    Symmetric Cryptosystem (Secret Key Cryptosystem)
    • The encryption process where same keys are used for encrypting and decrypting
    the information is known as Symmetric Encryption.
    • The study of symmetric cryptosystems is referred to as Symmetric Cryptography.
    Asymmetric Cryptosystem (Public Key Cryptosystem)
    • The encryption process where different keys are used for encrypting and
    decrypting the information is known as Asymmetric Encryption. Though the keys
    are different, they are mathematically related.
    • Study of asymmetric cryptosystems is referred to as Asymmetric Cryptography.
    Cryptographic Hash Function
    • A cryptographic hash function is an algorithm that takes an arbitrary
    amount of data input and produces a fixed-size output called the hash
    value, hash, or message digest.
    • There is no practical way to recover the input from the output, hence, it is
    also called one-way function.
    • Also, two or more different inputs may result in same output. How will you
    know which is the correct input?
    • Common Hash algorithms are:
    1. Message Digest 5 (MD5)
    2. Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1)
    3. Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)
    Applications of Hash Functions (Password Storage)
    Applications of Hash Functions (Confidentiality + Integrity + Authenticity)
    Applications of Hash Functions (Integrity + Authenticity)
    Digital Signature
    Message Authentication Code
    HASH vs MAC vs DIGITAL SIGNATURE
    THANK YOU

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